Single-pitched roof houses are characterized by simplicity of construction and unusual design. They are comfortable, practical and often cheaper. But they are rarely built in Russia. Usually prefer standard designs with gable roofs.

The peculiarity of single-slope houses is the low ceiling height. Therefore, it is not always possible to make an attic or attic. But we have collected all the tips that will help you get another room under an unusual roof.

Find out about:

• technical features of a pitched roof;
• the pros and cons of the design;
• how to make the most efficient use of space;
• interesting projects of houses with a pitched roof.

We tell everything that is worth knowing and show interesting architectural solutions.

Key Features of a Shed Roof

First, briefly about the pros and cons of a pitched roof. The most basic information, nothing more.

Advantages of a pitched roof

. Compared to gable roofs. Single-sided design weighs less. But with the increase in the width of the house, this advantage disappears. All due to the complexity of the support system and the redistribution of loads.

Less construction cost. Works for narrow houses and roofs with a slight slope. The larger the house and the higher the slope, the higher the cost. All due to the complexity of the project and the increased consumption of materials for the creation of reinforcing structures.

Faster construction. On average, a shed roof is easier to make than a gable roof. Fewer problem areas in the center, simpler load redistribution systems. In small houses, enthusiasts make it with their own hands.

Cons of a pitched roof

• Attic is harder to do. It is necessary to raise the height of the walls, the angle of the roof or the width of the house. Sometimes combine these methods. Otherwise, the space under the roof is not enough even for the attic. All this increases the cost of construction.
  Important. With an increase in the height of the walls, on the one hand, very high gables are obtained. Most often, panoramic windows are made on them so that everything looks beautiful. It is expensive.
• Roof needs to be cleaned more often. Actual for slopes up to 45 degrees. They accumulate a lot of snow. You will have to regularly climb onto the roof and clean off the excess hat. Consider installing.
• Requires a reliable drainage system. Larger pipe diameter. More frequent metal fasteners. Water will flow in one direction. Everything that gets on the roof. It is necessary that the drainage system withstand such a flow.

What shed roofs are in house projects

Simple shed roof. Option number 1 in typical projects of one-story houses. A roof that rests on a low wall on one side and a high one on the other. Everything is simple, nothing more. Suitable for lovers of minimalism.

Shed roof in two directions. Option for high-tech lovers. In one half of the house the roof is tilted to the right, in the other - to the left. If you look at such a cottage from the side of the entrance group, you will see a cross from the roofs. Looks unusual.

The design can be complicated and done at different levels. Attach the roof a little lower to the high pediment. Someone's window will go to the roof. original solution.

Shed roof with ornaments. Different slopes in different areas, protruding dormer windows, balconies-viewing platforms. You can combine anything. But the more complex the project of a house with a pitched roof, the more expensive are the calculations, materials and construction.

Technical features of a shed roof - what you need to know before starting construction

In Russia, shed roofs are usually used for non-residential, seasonal or temporary buildings. Dachas, cabins, garages. Above the cottages usually make a gable roof. Because she's more familiar.

Single-sided options are suitable for lovers of modern designs. Visually light, with good lighting and strict forms. They make an interesting version of the attic - they put windows on the entire wall on the protruding pediment. Get a beautiful panoramic view from the rooms.

In many ways, the internal arrangement of a shed roof is similar to a gable roof. But there are nuances, which we will discuss further. To compare everything yourself, read the article on the gable roof truss system.

When placing a project for a house with a shed roof, you need to take into account the wind rose

One of the most important points. An architect, when trying on a project for a house with a shed roof on the ground, needs take into account the wind rose.

He will see where the wind is blowing and with what force to put the roof of the house in that direction. Then the air currents will flow around the building. This will reduce the load on the structure as a whole.

Consider the wind rose if you do everything yourself. Improper placement of the cottage increases the load on the wall and roof. A shed roof is a sail. On the one hand, it completely takes on the wind. There will be a strong squall, and the roof can be torn off. You definitely don't need this.

Advice. In addition to the wind rose, consider snowfall in winter. The larger it is, the higher the angle of inclination should be for natural precipitation. But it is impossible to make a roof above 45 degrees - this will also give too high a load.
With a low slope of the roof, make a convenient exit to the top. You will have to use it often to remove the accumulated hat or knock down the ice that blocks the precipitation.

Shed roof interior

• transition from wood to stone walls. Without it, a point load will destroy and knock out bricks. With a Mauerlat, the pressure evenly transfers to the wall.
• armored belt. Mauerlat's analogue for houses made of concrete blocks - sibita. This is a belt with reinforcing reinforcement inside. It is needed to protect fragile blocks from pressure damage from above.
• Sill. Lies on the floor, takes the load from the racks and redistributes it. Without it, the floor will break through a high point impact.
• Run. A horizontal beam that takes the load off the rafters. Increases the rigidity of the crate. Does not allow the truss system to bend.
• Racks and struts. Supports that connect the run and the bed. On them, the load goes further towards the floor.
• Spacers. Supports between spans. Create additional rigidity of the frame. Increase the stability of the truss system.

How to make rafters

There are several options for truss systems: layered, hanging and sliding. Choose them based on the characteristics of the roof.

We tell you which system is best to use where.

Rafters

Reliable, but you have to sacrifice part of the space in the attic.

The rafters rest on the outer walls and the posts between them. The greater the distance, the larger and more difficult it is to make supports.

Plus layered rafters in reliability and low cost. But the greater the width of the house and the more complex the lintels, the higher the cost. So a balance needs to be struck.

Keep in mind that with such a design there will be less space in the attic. It will be eaten by additional supports. You will have to sacrifice part of the room or beat the beams with partitions.

The greater the width of the house - the more difficult the design of the truss system

The greater the width of the house, the more complex the design of the shed roof truss system. This is due to a different load distribution.

Up to 4.5 meters. Make the simplest design. Walls on both sides, on which the rafters lie and that's it. You can continue to make a roof.

From 4.5 to 6 meters. Reinforcements are already needed for the stability of the structure. They put a rafter leg, which removes the load from the roof and transfers it to the bed. The bed rests against the wall.

6 to 9 meters. In the center, a run on the rafters and lying on the floor are installed. Between them make a stand. On the bed rest on the rafter leg on each side.

9 to 12 meters. They make a system, as in the previous case - two struts, a run on the rafters, lying on the floor, a stand. Additionally, a brace and a bed are made near a high wall.

More than 12 meters. The most complex design. In the center, a system is made of two runs with racks and beds. They are connected by a scramble, which does not allow the structure to disperse. Struts rest on the beds.

The wider the house, the more complex and expensive the truss system.

hanging rafters

The best option for creating a residential attic. Because they don't need side racks.

Hanging rafters are made from ready-made trusses. They are manufactured to specific sizes at the factory. So a design with ideal parameters comes to your site. The influence of the human factor is minimized.

Farms are made of metal and wood. Both options are good, but wood is preferable in most cases. It behaves better in residential areas and does not create additional cold bridges.

To install farms, you will have to hire construction equipment. They are gradually delivered to the construction site, assembled on the ground and installed on the roof.

Sliding truss systems

This is a separate view only within the framework of the article. In fact, sliding systems are a way of securing rafters for houses with shrinkage. If you are building from raw wood or profiled timber, then be sure to use such a mount.

During shrinkage, the geometry of the house changes. If you firmly fix the rafters, then the resulting stress will damage them. As a result, the entire roof will be broken. Will cease to protect from precipitation and low temperatures.

Exit - sliding fasteners. They don't have a hard fix. The walls take on water and become larger - the rafters rise up. The tree dried up and sat down - the rafters returned back. Everything works by itself.

How to use the space under a shed roof to create a comfortable attic

A shed roof is beautiful and unusual, but it is more difficult to make a comfortable interior in it. All because of the slope of the roof. It gradually eats up the height of the room.

Interior design depends on the height of the walls. The higher they are, the more functional space.

The nuance is that too high walls increase the cost of building a house. Most often this is due to the installation of high windows or the creation of a second light. You can get by with ordinary windows, but then the attic will look less beautiful.

Too low a wall on one side can greatly limit the available space. Sometimes even a small bedside table cannot be placed under the slope. In this case, you have to fence off part of the room with drywall and create a new wall.

You can put everything under the ramp will use sitting or lying down: beds, work tables, chairs, ottomans, low cabinets and so on.

Create an interior design project with a designer. It will show the location of the furniture, the proximity of the ceiling and the comparison of all this with the average height of a person. You can evaluate how convenient it will be for everyone to use.

Make the most of the space along the high wall. Everything that will be there - you can use in full growth. Therefore, first of all, try to put everything that will not fit on a low wall against a high wall. Wardrobes, children's sports complexes, bunk beds and work tables with add-ons.

If you do not save space, then a high wall is great for a bed. You can put a huge double model, next to the bedside tables and at the feet of a chest of drawers. The classic approach to design, as in the rooms on other floors.

Choose projects of houses with shed roofs, where they use a second light and put a lot of windows. Natural lighting is a huge plus of such cottages. The houses will be light with the first rays of the sun, as in the Alpine style.

Examples of non-standard shed roofs

Shed roofs can be more complex than what you're used to seeing in typical projects.
We have collected several interesting options that have been actively used before or have just begun to be used in construction. Yes, they are more difficult to make - but they look unusual and sometimes provide additional functionality.

Saw roof - one slope and many windows

The roof-saw was created for the sake of functionality. But the unusual design has made it an interesting choice for modern homes.

The shape, which looks like saw teeth, came from old factories. Previously, this was used to protect workers and equipment from direct sunlight. But diffused light was launched through the side windows, which covered a large area. We got comfortable working conditions.

Now the functions of such a roof have remained the same. With its help, you can make a very bright house, while not greatly increasing the heating of air and objects.

The main disadvantage is the cost. Very complex architecture. Therefore, design and construction are expensive. This is one of the reasons why you do not see such roofs in typical projects.

Rounded high-tech roof

Rounded roofs in terms of functionality are not much different from ordinary shed roofs. But they win in design if you build something modern. Rounded roofs give the house an unusual look.

This roof can be combined with other options. Close it with a separate section - a garage or a guest extension to the house. Everything depends on the idea.

The rounded roof can be adapted to regions with any weather. Enough to play with the slope. Make sharp, low rounding in windy regions. Or increase it in snow to quickly remove precipitation.

The design is even more complex than that of the previous species. So it will cost too much.

Projects of houses with a pitched roof

We have collected projects of houses with a shed roof and an attic so that you can easily find inspiration.

The collection is varied. Different styles - European and American classics, modern minimalism, just a non-standard combination of materials. Different shapes and combinations of roofs. Different sizes. There are plenty to choose from.

Remember, any project can be improved. It is enough to talk to the architect and tell what you want to see. He can help you customize your home to suit your needs.

The project of a bright house with a shed roof and an attic

The project of a bright and spacious house with a pitched roof. The architect used the option when the slopes at different levels are directed in different directions. It looks unusual and simplifies the removal of precipitation.

Lovers of good views will appreciate the second light, which is made in the living room.

What's on the first floor

• Terrace of 8 m2.
• Entrance hall 1.8 m2.
• Hall on 6.1 m2.
• Bathroom 3 m2.
• Boiler room 7.8 m2.
• Dressing room for 2.3 m2.
• Kitchen on 17.5 m2.
• Living room on 16.8 m2.
• Bedroom on 14.8 m2.

In a small living room, you can make a completely entertaining area. The kitchen is spacious enough to fit a dining table for the whole family.

The windows of the first floor bedroom overlook the patio. A good solution to see flower beds and a well-groomed garden in the morning.

What's in the attic

• Hall on 3.1 m2.
• Bathroom 4.6 m2.
• Bedroom on 16.8 m2.
• Bedroom of 21.2 m2 with access to a balcony of 4.1 m2.

The large room is suitable for the role of the master bedroom. It has higher functionality - access to the balcony, additional square meters, a high window.

Another room can be given as a nursery. In size and layout, it is closer to the bedroom, which is located on the first floor.

The project of a brick house with a shed roof in the style of minimalism

Simple geometric shapes. Large window at the balcony in the attic. Several small viewing windows. All this creates an unusual image in the spirit of minimalism. So this project of a house with an attic and a shed roof will appeal to lovers of simplicity.

What's in the basement

• Hozblok 5.4 m2.
• Tambour for 3 m2.
• Dressing room of 5 m2.
• Bathroom 1.7 m2.
• Shower room 4.2 m2.
• Steam room 5.9 m2.
• Lounge for 19.8 m2.

The basement is completely given over to the recreation area. There is a spacious steam room, shower room, a place to relax. An interesting feature for those who do not want to build a separate bath on the site.

Plus there is space for a washer and dryer. Free up some space on the first floor.

What's on the first floor

• Terrace of 17 m2.
• Entrance hall on 5.7 m2.
• Hall on 7.6 m2.
• Toilet 4.2 m2.
• Pantry for 5.5 m2.
• Boiler room 8.4 m2.
• Living room on 44.7 m2.
• Kitchen-dining room 31.5 m2.

Spacious rooms for a large family. The large living room has enough space for gatherings and creating an entertainment area. In the kitchen, in addition to the dining table, they made a place under the bar counter to drink coffee quickly.

For those who like to dine al fresco, there is a spacious terrace, which can be accessed from the kitchen. In the corner there is already a place for cooking barbecue.

What's on the 2nd floor

• Hall 6 m2.
• Bathroom 6.9 m2.
• Bedroom of 19.3 m2 with a bathroom of 3.7 m2 and a balcony of 2.7 m2.
• Bedroom of 27.6 m2 with a loggia of 9.6 m2.
• Bedroom of 20 m2 and wardrobe of 8.5 m2.

The bedrooms are made to be as functional as possible. Each has additional rooms so that the owner has a place to relax and do his own thing.

The private bathroom in the master bedroom is convenient for parents to take a shower without queues before bed and in the morning.

What's in the attic

Common room for 34.1 m2.

The attic in this house project with a shed roof is completely given over to the entertainment area. In the photo you can see one of the ideas for dividing the functionality. On the one hand, build an entertainment area, and give the other for a sports complex.

The project of a spacious frame house with a shed roof

Spacious home with a simple design and thoughtful layout. It has everything for a comfortable life - a large living room and kitchen, several bedrooms, separate utility rooms and a garage shed.

The project will appeal to a large family with different hobbies.

What's on the first floor

• Garage-canopy for 23.2 m2.
• Terrace of 12.9 m2.
• Tambour 2.9 m2.
• Entrance hall on 6.2 m2.
• Corridor 2.5 m2.
• Bathroom 2.4 m2.
• Pantry for 2.5 m2.
• Hozblok 4.5 m2.
• Pantry for 10.4 m2.
• Boiler room for 7 m2.
• Living room on 25.4 m2.
• Kitchen-dining room 22.9 m2.

A clear division of rooms according to purpose is the strength of the project. Separately allocated space for the installation of the boiler, storage of garden tools and household items. Convenient to unload the house from unnecessary cabinets.

Pitched roofs are divided into 8 large groups, among which a special place is occupied by the type of roof with one inclined plane.

Of course, hardly anyone can compete with, whose peak of popularity fell in the second half of the last century.

However, in our time, specialists and construction customers are increasingly focusing on .

The essence and peculiarity of such a shelter is extremely simple. The load-bearing structure rests on multi-level external walls.

This phenomenon has a very attractive appearance, but due to its structural features, it is not advisable to use it to create the "top" of a house, cottage or any other important building or room.

One sloping surface is ideal for a veranda, terrace, as well as storage and utility rooms.

One of the main advantages of this eaves is wind resistance.. A certain option is due to the design, since in this case we are not talking about serious slopes of the covered surface.

ATTENTION!

To reduce the dependence on precipitation in the form of snow, it is necessary to carefully approach the calculation of the sections of the structural components during the design period. Regarding insulation - this aspect is especially important at minimum angles of inclination.

Thus, the area of ​​influence of the wind force is significantly reduced, which leads to a stable resistance to air gusts. If the room is located in an area prone to frequent winds, experts advise the installation of curbs.

Therefore, these measures will reduce the likelihood of roofing to a minimum. It is advisable to use galvanized iron or tiles as the top layer of the curb in order to avoid damp fences.

Very often, when it comes to construction or repair, a person tries to buy the necessary materials as profitably as possible and at budget prices. A canopy with one slope fits perfectly into the "economy" category, and besides, cheap prices are not displayed in any way on its appearance.

For example, Costs compared to a gable surface are two times less.

The construction content of the shed roofing process does not require special knowledge and many years of experience in the architectural field. Everything is extremely simple, so you can take on this business with your own hands. Quite uncomplicated and.

In addition to the above advantages, we note the following:

• Rational use of available space in the attic. As an option - the creation of an attic floor;
• Relatively light weight of the inclined plane, which eliminates the connection to the process of establishing lifting equipment;
• No restrictions due to the area of ​​the house;
• High level of maintainability;
• Possibility of choice (the only nuance is taking into account the angle of inclination);
• Preconditions for the installation of solar panels.

Installation of solar panels

The list of shortcomings is much less:

• For the sake of a nice appearance, you need to try. Focus on the quality of materials and facade work;
• Increased sensitivity to snow loads;
• The need to strengthen the hydro and inclined plane;
• Complicated organization due to fluid flow to one side.

Increased sensitivity to snow loads

Is it worth making a private house with a pitched roof?

Despite the fact that in most cases similar ideas do not receive the approval of professionals, there are situations when a house with this type of roof is a reasonable and safe solution.

CAREFULLY!

A roof with one slope is difficult to tolerate rainfall resistance.

Therefore, no precipitation - no problem, therefore being in an area with a dry climate, this idea can be safely implemented.

The slope in such a situation should be set within 5%. In its turn, cold or temperate regions, which is more or less spent under snowfall, not very suitable for almost flat roofs.

But if 10-20 years ago the geographical "diagnosis" was perceived as a sentence, now they will simply take up increasing the strength of the future roof. If you still achieve a slope in the range of 90-100%, then the idea is really expedient. At the present time, there are many opportunities in the construction industry, but be prepared for additional costs.

Shed roof design - what you need to know?

Inclined planes are classified according to different criteria. In particular, this applies to emphasis. There are two varieties - with an emphasis on load-bearing walls of different or the same height .

The first option is used more often., but the stumbling block may be the lack of a high external wall, which will exclude the establishment of a high slope. Second concept does not imply this, but this, perhaps, the pluses end - he much more expensive.

The slope issue is one of the main ones. The optimal range fluctuates around 10-30 degrees, the extreme frames are 5-60 degrees.

The number depends on the following factors:

• Precipitation volume;
• Wind flow indicators;
• Chosen roofing material.

The more precipitation in the area, the greater the slope. For example, in regions with heavy snowfall, the slope should be at least 40 degrees. Otherwise, there is a risk of damage to the supporting structures due to accumulated precipitation.

Below are the degree correspondences to the types of shelter:

• 5-7 degrees for roofing material;
• 3 degrees higher than the y range;
• 25-35 - for;
• Slightly lower requirements are put forward for slate (20-30 degrees), almost the same for seam roofing (18-28).

It is advisable to increase the degree marks by several units in those areas where a lot of snow falls. Such non-compliance does not apply to metal tiles, because it threatens with water ingress due to the low density of the seams.

An equally relevant issue is the definition of the type of roof in the context of ventilated / non-ventilated. In the first case, we are talking about a reliable and durable house surface, while the second option is suitable for “light” rooms ala terrace and through a minimum slope (4-6 degrees) can bring a lot of worries in winter.

As a material for a single-pitched top, the undisputed leader in demand is the wood of the “family” of conifers. This is due to resistance to decay, mold and other evil spirits. Pay attention to the percentage of humidity - the indicator should not exceed 20-22.

As a preventative pest control we advise you to treat the tree with flame retardant and antiseptic.

Shed roof houses: photos of projects below.

House project

Two-story house project

One-story frame house project

Finnish house

Varieties of design and engineering

The top with one slope is not a limiter in the fantasy of shaping the shape of the roof.

Many successful projects have been implemented, within which they created a "broken" roof or through facades.

It is not necessary to copy the idea seen live or on the Internet - this kind of house top is supportive of various architectural collages.

Projects of houses with a pitched roof:

Project example #1. Private house with an area of ​​240 sq.m. Additional premises and ground floor are not provided. Cellular concrete is used as a wall material, and reinforced concrete slabs are the basis of the foundation. Facing - plaster or wooden lath to choose from.

Project example #2. Two-storey house of 225 sq.m with an attic, a garage, a balcony on the 2nd floor. The foundation, as in the first example, is made of aerated concrete walls with brick cladding. It is possible to use decorative tiles. Type of roof - to choose from, taking into account climatic conditions.

The main task is to harmoniously reunite those examples that are collected in one project. Attention should be paid to the possibility of installing solar panels, which have already been mentioned above - this will make the roof even more functional. A competent one will keep your home safe and sound for a long time.

Shed roofs: projects and drawings

Drawing of a house with a pitched roof

Frame house project

House scheme

Useful video

In this video you will see an example of a house project with a shed roof:

In contact with

Shed roof, according to modern architects, is of the main decisive importance in the development of not only economy class housing, but also stylish. After all, the forces and costs that usually go to the construction of a multi-slope can now be directed to the exterior. For example, building a pool in front of the house or adding a barbecue terrace. And the rest of the shed roof is not inferior at all in anything.

Therefore, it does not mean at all that a house with a pitched roof will turn out to be unsightly or too simple. On the contrary, by playing with the slope and direction of such a structure, roofing material and interior space, you will get a unique architectural design that no one you know will definitely have. And our website will make such a house inexpensive in construction and modern both inside and out!

Architectural Benefits of Shed Roofs

Of course, where gable roofs have existed for thousands of years, everything unusual seems ugly and ridiculous. But the Eiffel Tower in France in the early years of construction embarrassed the locals with its "simpleness".

The fashion for shed European villas came to the Russian expanses quite recently. And until now, individual architects are rebelling against this trend, calling mono-pitch roofs exclusively "barn" and arguing that clients do not even look at such projects.

But in fact, not only the customers of their future “dream house”, but self-builders with golden hands are increasingly making the roofs of their buildings precisely pitched, with different angles, directions and combinations with other roofs. Because, apart from the more dynamic look that only a sloped plane can give, shed roofs are actually more functional and even economical.

Most often in world practice, shed roofs can be found in Finnish houses, which are known for their pleasant combination of modesty and restraint:

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In warm and hot countries, houses with a shed roof are especially popular: no insulation is needed from the inside, the design always looks original, and such a roof is much cheaper in terms of costs. So the northern countries began to adopt this useful fashion.

For example, not so long ago, a new type of residential building was created in Norway - high-tech, with a shed roof with a slope of 19 °. It generates its own energy thanks to solar panels on the roof: the atrium has enough thermal mass to accumulate enough heat during the day and release it all night. And not only to give, but also to provide the whole house with electricity.

And for water heating of walls and floors, rainwater heated by the sun is used, which flows down the shed roof directly into the drain. With an ordinary gable or hip roof, all this would not have been possible to realize!

Is it worth it to make a “one-slope” for a residential building?

Until recently, shed roofs could not be called popular in Russia. It so happened historically that due to the winds and heavy snows in this country, it was gable roofs that proved to be the most practical, which were sharp in snowier regions, and gentler in more windy ones.

And purely visually, the indigenous population is accustomed to seeing roofs with a slope of at least 30-40 ° on houses, where there is a traditional attic for storing a variety of things. And shed roofs carry such inconveniences:

1. An incomprehensible space at the upper Mauerlat. You don’t use it under the attic, but the attic turns out to be unusual. Leave it without an attic - then the entire geometry of the interior will seem broken and cause discomfort.
2. On a shed roof, rainwater exerts twice as much pressure as on a gable roof. Why? It's simple: all the liquid that gets on it flows along one slope until it falls to the ground. And if you take and break this slope in half, a “house”, now the water will be divided at the ridge into two streams. And this is twice the amount and influx. This is why shed roofs are problematic in terms of leaks, especially if the choice of roofing material is wrong.
3. A shed roof is one integral plane, and this is a real sail. That is why, during storms and strong winds, it is precisely such roofs that suffer in the first place.
4. The need for a strong truss system. The load here is always distributed less than that of a gable roof, and therefore the rafters will have to be made thicker and stronger.
5. A complicated ventilation system, which is sometimes not paid any attention at all, and then they are surprised at the short service life of such roofs.
6. Another disadvantage of such a roof is that it will have to be cleaned during heavy snowfalls, otherwise the roofing material and the building system may break. And on ordinary days, on the contrary, the snow itself descends from such a roof, and not like an avalanche, but gradually.
7. Unpopularity of experiments. Even more: neither the rich nor the poor want to risk their own investments in construction, and the designers completely fall into despair from any unusual roof.

Because of all these reasons, shed roofs in our country in 99% of cases are found only in baths, garages and summer country houses. Although at the same time, in a region with little snow and not very windy, such a roof could bring many bonuses, including the same unusual stylish design.

Frame houses with a pitched roof are considered the most energy-efficient. This does not take into account the fact that the area of ​​​​the southern wall in such a house will be the largest, and the northern wall - the smallest. Now see the difference with gable projects? Moreover, the northern side itself is still being built without windows, and serves as one of the walls of the utility room: a boiler room, a boiler or a supply room, where garden tools are stored. But the presence of an attic under the roof in private construction is already considered obsolete.

A shed roof is remarkable in that it has:

• Simple design. So simple that with a small private construction, they don’t even make particularly accurate calculations for it. There is no need to adjust the slopes to each other, to achieve the identity of their weight and load on the walls. There is no need for complex support systems, which are often found in other types of roofs.
• High practicality. In addition to the main functions of the roof, with a minimum angle of inclination, it is also used as an open area for a variety of purposes.
• Reliability. Due to its simplicity and unpretentiousness, such a roof is actually also the most reliable among all others.

And from the practical aspects, we highlight the following:

1. The ability to arrange a house without an attic and the problems associated with it.
2. The original geometry of the ceiling, which is used as a separate design element.
3. The absence of a ridge and cracks under it.
4. The ability to drain rainwater and snow from the roof in only one direction - where the slope is inclined. This is important if people are walking right in front of your house (like on the streets of the city) or if you have laid out a beautiful garden and do not want to flood it in the rain.

And, of course, the simplicity of construction work:

Know-how: shed roof combinations

There is one new architectural fashion: the gable roof, which consists of two single-slope, but not joined at the ridge. And technologically, we are still talking about two separate shed roofs, which are built according to all the rules. And in the middle they place either a flat part or an open terrace between the two halves of the house. An incredibly successful and functional solution, we note, which allows you to add more natural light to the house.

Shed roof houses are recognized all over the world as the most favorable in terms of energy saving. Which is not surprising, because the cube also takes the first place in this regard, and what then is such a house, if not a cube?

Now we will reveal a secret to you: it's all about compactness. Any structure is said to be compact if it has, as far as possible, the minimum area of ​​all external surfaces. So, a house is sometimes built according to rather intricate projects, when almost every room has three external walls, plus an even more complex roof. And sometimes it happens that the rooms have only one such wall, and the roof is generally shed.

What is the point? The fewer such external surfaces that come into contact with cold outdoor air, the warmer the house itself will be. That's why compactness is so important in construction!

In this design, everything is simple: shed roofs are built according to the same patterns, but are based on two parallel Mauerlat-runs. And the main plus is that such a non-spacer construction does not “push apart” the walls of the house with its pressure, which means that there are already much less strength requirements for the frame structure itself. True, in such a house there must be at least two internal walls.

And in modern architecture, a new style has recently appeared: roofs united into a single whole, which have a slope in different directions.

Modern frame house: from the foundation to the roof

A frame house with a shed roof is a structure made of lumber and fixed wood panels. The frame of such a house itself must be built either from metal or from hardwood timber. It is solid, while the rafters on the roof should be made just from conifers. Now let's explain.

The fact is that solid woods tend to keep their geometric shape and not change over time: they do not dry out, do not shrink, do not twist. And, of course, in bending, due to such properties, they work poorly. But conifers are just good because they do an excellent job with dynamic loads, which is why the walls are made static and strong, and the rafters are more flexible and withstand both shrinkage of the house and a slight deflection due to snow.

Although wonderful houses are obtained on a metal frame:

Foundation for a frame house

Under a small one-story house, the easiest way is to make a columnar foundation. But, if you are building a solid two-story frame house with a shed roof, the technology will be a little different.

The fact is that a simple columnar foundation is no longer suitable here. A frame house, worse than any other, endures seasonal ground movements, subsidence of the earth, or other similar problems, and therefore experienced builders advise making a slab foundation for it. This one takes all the dynamic loads on itself, and the integrity of the frame is preserved.

Therefore, for a two-story house, make just such a foundation:

Or a more modern insulated Swedish stove:

Technologies of frame construction of walls

In total, there are two main technologies for frame construction.

Frame and panel technology

In this case, the frame house is built from various individual building materials: beams, cladding, insulation, interior decoration, vapor and waterproofing. All this is attached to the frame in its sequence, and as a result, we have a house that is no worse than a timber building in terms of quality.

Here is a good example of construction using this technology:

And the main components of a house built using this technology look like this:

Frame-panel technology

To assemble such houses, a detailed project is initially made, according to which shields of the required size are already manufactured in the factory. We are talking about multilayer panels, which already initially include inner lining, insulation and all types of insulation. All you have to do is attach these shields to the frame of your house, which only takes two days in total. As a result, the whole house, from design to roof arrangement, is built in just a week.

So, insulated SIP panels are the most popular in frame-shield technology. SIP is a wall panel designed to bear longitudinal loads. A frame house based on Canadian technology, which just involves the use of SIP, turns out to be especially warm and integral.

And when building a frame house from such material, the following question arises: should the roof be made from the same material, or is it still traditional? With beams, rafters and lathing? The fact is that everything here is decided by the length of the overlap.

So, with small spans, up to 5-6 meters, the shed roof of a frame house may well be from SIP. It will be already insulated, durable and easy to perform. Moreover, SIP has good bending strength. But for large spans, it is better to build a traditional floor and reinforced rafters. After all, you can’t make a complex roof out of SIP, but just a shed roof is easy enough:

It is only important to know how to properly connect floor beams with such walls:

Shed roof device on a frame house

A shed roof in the design world is also called a monoslope. Modern architects see a house with such a roof somehow differently than a shed or hip roof: lighter, airier and more stylish.

A shed roof behaves remarkably where spans are from 6 to 8 meters. Usually, the slope of the slope is made to the north, and large windows are equipped in the southern facades. Often, external insulation of such a roof is practiced: on top is extruded polystyrene foam, which is filled with a cement screed, and on top of it is a roofing carpet.

What is also good, the drainage system in such a roof is simplified and is needed only on one side, and not on two or four at once. But this is not necessary: ​​on a slope oriented to the south, solar collectors are often equipped abroad.

Step 1. Design

A shed roof of any format always differs from a gable one in that here the rafters are not connected in the ridge, but are attached to the walls of the building with both ends. Those. there is no skate at all. The only exception is the run on which the layered rafters are attached, but it never exceeds the level of the entire slope in height.

If you are building using frame-panel technology, then it will be easiest for you to create a wall difference:

But if you use sip panels or the walls are already made at the same height, then you will have to make roof trusses.

Slanted rafters in a pitched roof are made when the building has an internal strong partition. After all, the longer the rafter leg, the more there is a danger of its deflection or eversion. And therefore, if it is possible to support such rafters, you need to use it.

In this case, a run is attached to the carrier partition:

Now we make the rafters twice as short - so that each of them rests on the wall with one end, and on the run with the other. And be sure to check the angle of inclination of such rafters with a laser level - it must completely match. And outwardly, such a roof will not differ from simpler shed roofs.

But in general, the shed roof rafters can be in all of these options:

Although the rafters in the shed roof of a frame house can be generally non-expanding:

Hanging rafters are good because they can be built directly on the ground, in the form of ready-made farms. After all, their main difference from the layered ones is that the load is now transferred to the rafter triangle itself, and not to the walls of the building. And this is quite reasonable, because most often shed roofs are arranged just on small buildings, such as a bathhouse, a garage or a change house. And the walls of those usually do not please with a special fortress.

So decide: if your building is not distinguished by the monumentality of the walls, make hanging rafters, and if it is more or less strong and there is an inner wall, then layered. The choice is pretty easy!

Step 2. Mauerlat cutout

Decided? Then specify the future angle of inclination of such a roof and make a template for the rafters:

And the cut itself needs to be made in order to support the rafters of the shed roof on the Mauerlats. The main task of the Mauerlat is to compensate for the horizontal unevenness of the walls. That is why, when laying it, be sure to arm yourself with a building level.

Step 3. Making rafters

For this task, you will need the following fasteners:

And how difficult your rafters will be depends on what load is planned for them. The higher, the rafters should be more reinforced from the inside:

Step 4. Calculation of the crate

As soon as you fix the rafters, go to the crate. The smaller the slope of the shed roof, the more often the crate should be (up to a solid one):

And on steeper slopes - whatever your heart desires, just calculate in advance the weight of the roofing for the whole house and foundation:

It remains only to lay the selected roofing and arrange a spillway. Which, fortunately, in a shed roof is done on one side only:

Step 6 Glazing

Since relatively recently, a new fashion has appeared in frame construction: cleanliness, conciseness and a lot of glass surfaces. What is most easily achieved precisely through frame technology, for which the presence of a single-pitched roof instead of massive and clumsy multi-pitched ones is a real outlet:

The easiest, according to modern architects, way to bring more light and lightness into a frame house is to make transparent inserts into the roof or completely transmit some part of it. For example, above a covered veranda or part above an attic. And in fact, we are not talking about glass at all, but just about modern roofing polycarbonate, which is more often used monolithic or corrugated. There is a separate article about this on our website, but here we will note only some technical points.

When choosing the thickness of the polycarbonate that you are going to use for the construction of the roof, calculate in advance the climatic and static loads. You have probably seen a photo where beautiful, durable greenhouses have completely broken roofs in the spring? And all because when buying, the owners decided to save on quality, without calculating, such tons of snow fall in harsh Russian winters. You wouldn't want something like that to happen to your roof, would you? After all, replacing the top of an ordinary greenhouse is not difficult, but replacing the roof of a house is a real problem.

You need to fasten profiled polycarbonate sheets to the roof using the same fastening that is used for the metal profile. These are self-tapping and self-drilling screws of the STSD type. The sheets themselves are fastened together with special profiles, which are equipped with EPDM rubber seals. All this is necessary so that such a beautiful roof does not leak. There is also a special connecting aluminum profile for sale - for P-6066 polycarbonate. It consists of a special clamping bar and a sealant, but it already needs to be fixed with self-tapping screws directly to the pipe or crate.

In addition, if you have leftover polycarbonate (after all, standard sheets are produced), use it for glazing utility rooms:

And the excess from another roofing cannot be applied in this way.

A house with a shed roof, built using frame technology with a competent approach, will be the most modern and stylish!

Traditional Russian huts, alpine chalets, Finnish houses, Western European half-timbered houses have always been built with a gable roof. This is the most practical option for regions where there is a lot of rainfall and there are no problems with wood. A roof with one plane is most often chosen for outbuildings, terraces or verandas. However, modern materials make it possible to build even a two-story house with a shed roof, provided that the climate of the area is suitable for such a construction.

Advantages and disadvantages of two-story houses with a pitched roof

A two-story house will require considerable financial investments. One way to save a little on materials is a shed roof.

Benefits of a pitched roof:

• suitable for any type of buildings (residential building, outbuildings, garage);
• simplicity of design;
• relative cheapness;
• suitable for almost any coating applicable to the selected roof slope;
• the frame can be made from a variety of materials (wood, plastic, metal);
• original appearance.

Shed roof can be of any shape. It doesn't have to be a rectangle or a square. Rounded or slightly curved shed roofs look spectacular.

As a rule, a house with a shed roof does not imply the presence of an attic or attic, since fire regulations prohibit building an attic below 1.6 m, that is, there are some restrictions associated with the use of space. In addition, the disadvantages of a house with a shed roof include the possibility of accumulation of debris on the roof. Leaves, branches and other objects will have to be cleaned regularly.

Important! A shed roof for a one- or two-story house is best suited for areas where the wind constantly blows in one direction.

What materials are two-story houses with a shed roof made of?

After the site for construction has been selected and all the necessary documents have been drawn up, you can proceed to construction. For a two-story house, a reliable foundation is needed:

1. Tape construction suitable for houses with heavy walls, cellar, basement, underground garage. Depending on the load, reinforced concrete blocks, bricks, concrete with coarse aggregate (gravel) are used as materials.
   
   
2. pile foundation withstands significant weight, convenient for soft soils, economical. Concrete or reinforced concrete piles, metal pipes, specially treated wood are used.
   
   
3. Monolithic slab suitable for soft ground, compensates for vertical and horizontal deformations. Most often, a monolith is used for two-story houses and buildings with a higher number of storeys. It is made of reinforced concrete directly on the construction site.
   
   
4. Column Foundation the most economical. Suitable for one-, two-story houses with relatively light walls and frame buildings. For the construction, concrete, processed wood, brick are used.
   
   

The walls of a two-story house must withstand considerable weight. When choosing a material, the following points should be considered:

• lightweight material will save foundation costs;
• the larger the brick or blocks, the less labor costs;
• material with good thermal insulation properties will reduce heating costs in winter;
• attractive externally material will save on finishing.

As materials for the walls of a two-story house, brick (ordinary, silicate, facing), ceramic block, aerated concrete block, foam block, wood, ready-made frame shields made of wood and metal are used.

Each of these materials has its pros and cons. The brick is durable, but heavy, the ceramic block belongs to the elite types with a considerable price, the aerated concrete block does not withstand the test of time, the tree is expensive, it is afraid of fire, rot, fungus. The cheapest option is a two-story frame house with a pitched roof. It can be built in just a few weeks. But ready-made shields are not very strong, they do not "breathe", good ventilation is required. And there is not enough room for imagination - standard shields are chosen for standard projects.

Important! Prior to the start of construction, all documents must be drawn up without fail: a design permit, an architectural and planning assignment, technical specifications for water, gas, electricity suppliers, a house project, an examination and approval of the project, a building permit.

Types of shed roof for a two-story house

The roof is a kind of "pie" of layers of various materials: vapor barrier film, insulation, waterproofing.

Depending on the chosen ventilation system, there are several types of pitched roofs:

1. With ventilation. Suitable for closed structures, including residential one- and two-story houses with any bevel angle. There is free space between the roof and ceilings, and there are special openings on both sides of the roof.
2. Non-ventilated shed roofs are recommended for outbuildings, terraces, verandas with an inclination angle of up to 5 °. In order to prevent the formation of condensate, a non-ventilated roof should be well insulated, steam and waterproofed.

Important! In order for wooden structural elements to last as long as possible, they should be reliably protected from high humidity.

How to calculate the angle of inclination of a shed roof for a two-story house

The slope of the roof is positioned so that the highest wall faces the sunny side. Then, in the upper part of a two-story house, you can conveniently locate living quarters, and take the lower floor for household needs. For example, to connect a two-story house with a garage under one roof.

The difference between a flat roof and a pitched roof is in the angle of inclination. If it is higher than 10°, the roof is considered to be shed. The optimal angle of inclination for snow cover is 45 °.

The area in which the two-story house is located should be taken into account. In a steppe open to all winds, the angle of inclination of the roof can be much less than in a wooded area. The more precipitation falls in the region, the steeper the angle of inclination should be.

The dependence of the angle of inclination on the wind load and the rate of precipitation is presented in the table:

The angle of inclination of the roof of a two-story house is determined by the weather conditions of the area, operating conditions, the selected roofing material and the architectural features of the building. This is the basis of the entire project. The possibility of self-cleaning from snow cover, ice, load on the roof during precipitation depends on the slope of the pitched roof.

To bring together the angle of inclination of the roof, the length and height of the wall, the Bradis tables and the following formula will help: the height to which the wall needs to be raised \u003d wall length x tangent of the selected angle of inclination (from the Bradis table).

The dependence of the angle of inclination on the material chosen for coating is presented in the table:

These are indicative data. The manufacturer always indicates what slope this or that material is designed for. This information cannot be ignored.

Important! The steeper the roof slope, the larger its area, which increases the cost of construction.

Shed roof truss system for a two-story house

The rafter system of the house consists of several elements:

The design of the truss systems of a shed roof depends on the size of the building. If the distance between the bearing walls does not exceed 4.5 m, additional supports are not needed. The rafter beams rest only on the Mauerlat. With a size of 4.5 to 6 m, one more support is required - a bed. With a distance between load-bearing walls from 6 to 12 m, a run is needed. If the size is from 12 to 15 m, run and lie down at the same time. For large sizes, several runs and beds are needed.

How to make a shed roof for a two-story house with your own hands

Experts believe that almost anyone who is at least a little familiar with construction can make a pitched roof. This is the easiest type of roof to install. However, without reliable tools, strong ladders, life belts and other safety measures, it is at least unreasonable to take on construction at high altitude.

The roof of the house must withstand static load (dead weight) and dynamic:

• wind pressure;
• snow cover;
• the weight of people during roof repair or maintenance.

Rafter legs from logs, beams are installed in increments of 1.5-2 m, from a board - in increments of 1.0-1.75 m. The minimum size of a beam for a Mauerlat is 100x200 mm, a log can be 180-200 mm in diameter. The choice of material for struts with a large shed roof:

• timber with a side of 8 mm;
• log with a diameter of 10 cm;
• twin board 25x150 mm.

For spans above 12 m, runs and beds will be required (beam 180x180 mm, log with a diameter of 200 mm).

Operating procedure:

1. Install a Mauerlat with the inner surface of the wall. Fix with anchor bolts.
   
   
2. On the higher wall of the house, make recesses for the rafters. Install bars in the grooves, the top point of which should be slightly greater than the height of the roof. Fix them with slate nails on the guide beams.
   
   
3. Nail a board to the bars, the upper edge of which is located at the height of the future roof of the house. Set the board strictly according to the level. Then cut off all the protruding parts of the timber. Install rafters. To protect the house from precipitation, the outer edge of the rafters is taken out of the wall by 0.2-0.5 m.
   
   
4. Install the crate: nail the boards to the carrier system with a certain step. The step depends on the selected coating. For example, for slate, the value is 0.15 m.
   
   
5. Fix a hydro-barrier (roofing felt, polyethylene, etc.) over the crate. The laying of the roll should start from the base of the roof. Roll out the material along the boards of the crate with an overlap of 0.1 m, fix with brackets. Lay and fix the finish coat in accordance with the norms and recommendations for the selected material.
   
   

If insulation is necessary, it is laid on a vapor barrier, which should be directly on the crate. As a heater, basalt mats, fiberglass, glass wool, heat-insulating plates are used. The final version of the roofing "pie" looks like this: vapor barrier, insulation, waterproofing.

Important! All wooden elements of the house must be well dried, free from rot, wormholes. Antiseptic treatment is required.

How to choose a roofing material for a shed roof of a two-story house

For the construction of a shed roof on a two-story house, the following materials are used:

1. Coniferous wood (pine, spruce without knots) for the truss system. The tree must be well dried, treated with an antiseptic, water-repellent and fireproof coating.
   
   
2. Special film for hydro and vapor barrier. Fiberglass or basalt wool for the heat-insulating layer.
   
   
3. Bar 20x40 or 50x50 mm for lathing (roof base). The size of the bar depends on the type of thermal insulation and roofing.
   
   
4. Metal tile, roofing felt, corrugated board, tile, ondulin, bituminous material in rolls, slate as a roofing material.
   
   

Building codes, a list of materials and recommendations for their use contain SNiPs (Building Norms and Rules):

• 08.02-89 "Public buildings and structures";
• 04.01-87 "Insulating and finishing coatings";
• II-26-76* "Roofs".

Additional information is contained in the standards EN 13859-1:2005 (E) (water protection characteristics); EN 1304:2005 (clay tiles); EN 502:1999 (metal decking).

Important! Each roofing material is designed for a certain angle of inclination. This should be taken into account when choosing a flooring for your home.

Projects of two-story houses with a pitched roof

A single plane roof is not necessarily a boring flat surface. They can be combined into original designs. There are houses with two or more pitched roofs:

Roofs at different levels visually divide the house into two parts:

Two shed roofs, separated by a flat section, make the parts of the building completely independent at the level of the second floor.

Photos of some two-story houses with a shed roof look very unusual, but these are real buildings:

The construction of a shed roof for a residential building will require certain knowledge and experience. Before starting construction, you will have to take care of paperwork: make calculations, draw up all the necessary documents. Then think over the order, pick up tools, do not forget about safety precautions when working at heights, select, purchase and deliver materials.

1. A shed roof of complex configuration will make the house unique, but it will require significant costs, skills and time.
2. It is impossible to build the walls of a two-story wooden house alone.
3. The depth of the strip foundation for a two-story house should be 1.6 m or more.
4. The columnar foundation is suitable only for light construction. The pile foundation is ideal for a site with difficult terrain.
5. If wooden beams are chosen for construction, it should be borne in mind that wood changes dimensions depending on humidity and air temperature, and long elements can “sag” under load.
6. With a shed roof slope of 30 °, the risk of snow accumulation and the formation of heavy crust increases, which leads to increased pressure on the entire structure.
7. Wind pressure increases five times as the angle of inclination changes from 10° to 45°.

A shed roof house is economical and relatively simple, but this design is not suitable for every locality. If you plan to build a two-story house in a region with high rainfall or strong winds, it may be more practical to choose a traditional gable roof, despite the fact that it will require more funds.

Conclusion

A two-story house with a shed roof is economical due to the simplicity of construction. Modern roofing materials allow you to create original combinations and shapes that will make the building unique. Whether it is worth doing construction on your own or entrusting the work to professionals, it is up to the owner of the future home to decide. The end result largely depends on a well-designed project. If you do not have the necessary skills, it is wiser to seek help from specialists: even the smallest mistake in the project can cause big problems during operation, up to the collapse of structures.