Understanding how to insulate frame house For winter accommodation, will allow you to use it all year round. Sound insulation in the house, comfort and durability depend on how correctly the technologies are followed.

Insulation options

Before carrying out work, it is necessary to determine whether the thermal insulation will be inside or outside the building. To do this, you should know the features of each option.

External insulation:

1. Does not disturb the interior of the house.
2. Located inside the room wooden wall can save heating as it accumulates heat.
3. Insulation protects the building façade from adverse influences environment(moisture, high or low temperatures and so on).

Insulating the house from the outside

Internal insulation:

1. Has good sound insulation.
2. There are no strict requirements.
3. No vapor barrier or waterproofing materials are required.

Insulating the house inside

However this method has a number of disadvantages, for example:

• dismantling the interior decoration of the room where thermal insulation will be installed;
• accumulation of moisture in the room, which shortens the service life of the building;
• indoor insulation does not protect the building façade from negative impact external factors.

Features of insulation

The preparatory stage of insulating a building for winter and summer does not differ depending on the selected material. The difference concerns only the installation process. Each of the materials used has its own characteristics.

Use of foam and EPS

Foam plastic is considered the most warm material, but he doesn't best option for insulation wooden buildings.

Using polystyrene foam as insulation

Features of using these materials:

1. Before laying foam plastic using polyurethane foam, it is necessary to remove all cracks and irregularities, since this material does not fit tightly.
2. Expanded polystyrene should not be located near combustion sources, as the material is flammable.
3. Polystyrene foam does not allow air to pass through, so care must be taken to ventilate the room, otherwise the walls in the room may become moldy.
4. Expanded polystyrene must be used together with waterproofing and vapor barrier, as it does not allow moisture to pass through.

Use of ecowool

This material has not been used for very long, however, it can be used in the process of insulating frame and other types of buildings. The main features of this material are as follows:

1. Laying this material can be done either using special tool, and without it. Using the tool significantly improves the thermal insulation characteristics of the room.
2. Ecowool absorbs moisture well, so the installation of waterproofing and vapor barriers should be treated with greater responsibility.
3. Ecowool shrinks, so it should be applied in excess.
4. When applying it, you should use personal protective equipment.

House insulation with ecowool

Important! Insulation of walls with ecowool should be carried out by qualified specialists.

Use of expanded clay

Expanded clay is used much less frequently, as it has worse characteristics compared to similar materials. Its main features:

1. Most often used for floors, as well as interfloor ceilings.
2. It is mainly combined with sawdust, ash and similar materials.
3. It is better to use expanded clay in small fractions, so there will be fewer empty spaces.

Using expanded clay for insulation frame houses

How to choose insulation

Before you start construction work, you need to decide how best to insulate a frame house. Insulation for residential premises must have the following characteristics:

1. Environmentally friendly - should not emit substances harmful to human life and health.
2. Fire safety - the material used should not allow fire to spread, nor should it emit a lot of smoke.
3. Low thermal conductivity.
4. Strength - the insulation should fit tightly and easily and not change shape over time.
5. Inexpensive.

Important! These characteristics are more suitable for polystyrene foam and.

To choose the right material for insulation, you should know what pros and cons each has.

Expanded polystyrene

It is light in weight, which is very important for insulation. frame house. This material tolerates temperature changes well, and is also not afraid of moisture and does not freeze. That is why buildings using it are durable and low cost.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Among the disadvantages are:

• flammable - highly flammable;
• susceptible to mechanical and chemical damage;
• does not allow air to pass through, which is why the humidity in the room is constantly increased.

Often foam plastic is installed with outside Houses.

Insulation with polystyrene foam outside the building

This material can be replaced with a similar one, namely penoplex, which is more resistant to various damages, but has a high cost.

Mineral wool

The most popular material in construction, which can be in the form of rolls, mats and slabs. Mineral wool has high performance in environmental friendliness, lightness, thermal insulation and sound insulation. Buildings using it are characterized by a long service life.

Important! Cotton wool in the form of slabs (basalt) does not burn.

When insulating, it is important to pay attention special attention waterproofing, since over time the wool sags and cakes; moreover, when wet, it loses its properties and becomes an excellent environment for the formation of mold.

How is insulation done?

In order to ultimately get a warm frame house, its walls must be insulated from the inside and outside. The work process is almost the same, with a few exceptions.

Insulation from outside

For the outside, it is best to choose the cross method.

The insulation is always laid with the seams staggered to avoid the appearance of blown cracks.

• The frame of the building is covered with OSB boards, which should have gaps of 2-3 mm. Subsequently, they need to be foamed.

This is what OSB boards look like

• Next, waterproofing is stretched, which protects both the walls of the house and the insulation from moisture and other adverse environmental influences. Usually the waterproofing has self-adhesive strips, if there are none, the knocks between them should be sealed with tape.

Connecting insulation joints

• Each layer of insulation should be laid in such a way as to overlap the previous one by 15-20 cm.
• The thickness of the insulation is approximately 15 cm.
• After laying the insulation, all voids are filled polyurethane foam.

Insulation of walls inside the house

After the frame house is completely insulated for winter living, you can begin interior decoration. To do this:

1. The first layer of thermal insulation is laid, the thickness of which is 5 cm.
2. Then the insulation is laid in the frame house, the thickness of which is 10 cm. The entire frame between the posts is filled with it.
3. Then a vapor barrier is attached, which prevents steam from entering the insulation. They are laid with the rough side outward and the smooth side facing the thermal insulation.
4. The bars are installed on top of it.

Important! The insulation cannot be pushed in by force or compacted, since the heat in the room depends on the voids inside it.

Insulation is also installed in the partitions between rooms. For the most part, it is required for sound insulation. To do this, slabs are installed with a layer of 10 mm. There is no need for vapor barrier here, since the temperature in the separated rooms will be the same.

Instead of vapor barrier, glassine is used here. It prevents dust from the insulation from entering the room.

Don’t forget about insulating corners in a frame house. This can be done in various ways. So, warm corner can be done by constructing a structure of two boards, with special stands made of blocks, and insulating the space between such structures mineral wool.

Ceiling insulation

It is better to carry out the work before the roof is completely assembled, so it will not interfere with the density of the installation.

The entire insulation process consists of the following stages:

• Inside the house, on the ceiling beams, a vapor barrier is stretched, and a 25 mm thick board is placed on it.

Ceiling beams and vapor barrier

• Insulation is laid on top, between which there should be no voids, tightly covering each layer.

Important! When laying insulation on the ceiling, you should make a small protrusion on the walls.

• If insulation is not required in the attic, then the membrane film should not be stretched. A board or plywood is nailed to the attic floor.
• If it is not possible to insulate the ceiling from the outside, then this is done inside, and it should be tied up so that it does not fall off. After this, sew on waterproofing, and then on board or plywood.

Indoor ceiling waterproofing

Roof insulation

Often, both the roof and the ceiling in a frame house are insulated. This happens in cases where attic space used as a second floor for living and heated.

The work process is practically no different from insulating the ceiling. The only exception is that when insulating the roof, waterproofing must be stretched over the material, which will protect it from environmental influences.

Features of roof insulation:

1. It is better to insulate from the outside, since doing it inside is inconvenient and unsafe. Many materials tend to crumble on the face.
2. Once installed rafter system, a vapor barrier is sewn underneath, onto which sheathing material, board or plywood is stuffed.
3. Sheets of insulation are placed outside. This is done in the same way as when insulating walls, ceilings, etc.
4. Waterproofing is placed on top, on which the counter-lattice, sheathing and roofing are installed.

Insulation of the roof inside is carried out only if it is completely assembled.

Roof insulation

Floor insulation

Floor insulation should begin with preparatory work. This should be done before installing the frame of the house.

If the land where the building is located is clay with high level water, then a water drainage system should be installed.

After this, inside the foundation, soil is removed 40-50 cm and installed drainage system. Afterwards it is covered with a sand and gravel cushion. After this, you can install the frame.

Floor insulation

If this step is skipped, you can use expanded clay. To do this, the surface is first leveled, and then the above material is poured. It is desirable that it contains fractions from 10-40 mm. After this, you can arrange the floor.

How to choose a filler

The most the best insulation for the floor, mineral wool, polyester, steel shavings, etc. are considered. They are easy to install, use, environmentally friendly and fireproof. However, they have increased requirements for vapor barrier and waterproofing.

You can also use materials such as:

1. Polystyrene is lightweight, resistant to adverse influences and has a long service life. It can be regular (less durable, fireproof) and extruded - it has low thermal conductivity and moisture absorption.

Installing this type of insulation is simple: the sheets are placed end to end, and an edge strip is installed along the entire perimeter of the floor.

1. Expanded clay and slag - has low thermal conductivity and is light in weight.
2. is an insulating foil that is rarely used as an independent insulation material.
3. Edge tape - This is used to edge the entire perimeter of the house before the insulation is installed.

Floor insulation in stages

Insulation of the floor in a frame house is carried out between the profiles. That is why it is better to choose a dry screed; it is easier to work with.

Ground insulation process:

1. Sand and crushed stone must be compacted well, then install brick columns. This will be the basis for the profiles.
2. Laying waterproofing. This could be bitumen paper or polyethylene film. Its height depends on the floor level; it is worth considering that the waterproofing should protrude slightly onto the walls.
3. It is necessary to leave a small gap at the junction of the floor and walls; edge insulation will be placed in it.

Stages of floor insulation on the ground

The most simple technology Floor insulation is made from bulk materials. This insulation is applied perpendicular to the joists along the entire perimeter of the room, while pressing tightly.

Floor insulation using slabs

The base of the floor does not play any role in the technology of laying insulation, however, this should be taken into account when choosing a material for these purposes. So, if there are logs on the base of the floor, then a mineral wool slab is best suited as insulation, and hard materials for a concrete floor. In any case, the process of laying thermal insulation is as follows:

1. After laying the logs, bars are filled from both sides to the bottom and the flooring is assembled from antiseptic tongue-and-groove boards.
2. Glassine is spread on top of this - this is roofing cardboard impregnated with bitumen.
3. Insulation is placed on top.
4. After this it is placed vapor barrier film, which protects the insulation from condensation.

What work is carried out after insulating the house?

After the thermal insulation has been installed, it is time to build a supporting system for the ventilated cladding, as well as a surface for finishing. As for finishing, wind and water protection of the insulation can be provided by a layer of plaster.

As for the exterior finishing, you should take care of the installation of the panels in advance. To ensure that the sheathing is strong enough, the frame posts must be installed frequently. After fixing the waterproof membrane with staples to the frame, it is lined with slats, the thickness of which is about 25-30 mm. This ensures that any water that gets inside can drain out, as well as ventilation.

The wall of a frame house looks like this: internal cladding - vapor barrier - insulation - wooden frame - membrane - counter-lattice - facade finishing.

Exterior finishing at home after insulation

When arranging walls under plastering work Sheet materials are used that perfectly remove steam and prevent condensation. The sheets prevent the insulation from blowing through.

The internal wall looks like this: internal lining - vapor barrier - wooden frame - insulation - membrane - counter-lattice - external lining - base plaster - plaster mesh– plaster.

Recently, frame houses are increasingly gaining popularity. Therefore, you should know how to insulate a frame house so that it is suitable for living in both winter and summer. However, it should be taken into account that the insulation must also be reliably protected from the negative effects of the environment, because moisture that gets into it leads to the formation of condensation, and it has a detrimental effect on this material. Therefore, it is imperative to use high-quality waterproofing.

The walls erected by frame technology The houses are almost entirely made of thermal insulation material inside. It is he who guarantees the preservation of heat in such a home. However, without additional insulation still can't do it. Which insulation is best for a frame house? There are both traditional options, used for decades, and new ones that have just appeared on the market. domestic market. Using each of them promises its own benefits.

Three most popular insulation materials for frame cottages

There is no clear opinion on the best way to insulate frame houses. There are several popular thermal insulation materials that are used most often. To select best option, it is necessary to carefully evaluate the characteristics of each of them.

Comparative characteristics insulation for frame houses

Sellers, as part of their advertising wars, spread a lot of rumors about competitors’ insulation products, but most of them are simply myths. When choosing a heat insulator, you need to focus on density, moisture resistance and thermal conductivity, and also take into account the environmental friendliness of the material.

Option #1: Rolled mineral wool

The first on the list of insulation materials for frame houses is mineral wool. It was originally used in the construction of frames. Modern mineral wool is obtained from glass melts, metal slags or rocks. Accordingly, it happens:

• glass;
• slag;
• basalt (stone).

All three insulation options differ from each other in characteristics. If we compare a roll of the same thickness, then the “warmest” is stone wool, it has the lowest thermal conductivity coefficient. And the worst thing about thermal insulation properties is slag wool. The cost of mineral wool is reduced in the same manner.

Characteristics various types mineral wool

However, much when analyzing the heat-protective properties of mineral wool depends on its saturation with moisture. If the material is dry, then air bubbles in the insulation prevent heat from escaping from the home to the street. When the material is moistened, the thermal conductivity increases sharply, which leads to a decrease in its thermal insulation qualities.

Important! Main enemy all types of mineral wool - moisture. When wet, the material instantly loses its thermal insulation characteristics, beginning to release heat from the house, as if there were no insulation in the frame walls.

Without a properly installed vapor barrier, mineral wool will become saturated with moisture, which will simply turn into ice when it freezes. As a result, thermal insulation is reduced and the material is destroyed. Minvata has another one significant drawback– this is the fragility of the fibers, small pieces of which, when they come into contact with the skin, cause itching. They can also cause breathing difficulties. Mineral wool should only be laid with protective gloves and a respirator with goggles.

The denser the mineral wool, the worse its thermal insulation characteristics. As a result, it has to be laid in a thicker layer. At the same time, with increasing density, the strength of the insulation used for thermal insulation in the walls of a frame house increases. If you choose a material that is too loose, it will slide in the frame towards the foundation, leaving a gap on top for the cold.

When installing mineral wool, the walls of a frame house must be divided vertically with timber into segments one meter high, this will reduce the likelihood of the insulation settling

It is recommended to choose mineral wool depending on its density as follows:

• up to 35 kg/m3 – for unloaded horizontal surfaces;
• up to 75 kg/m3 – for partitions inside the house;
• up to 125 kg/m3 – for external facades;
• up to 175 kg/m3 – for load-bearing vertical structures;
• up to 220 kg/m3 – for floors under concrete screed.

The cost of mineral wool increases along with its density. In most cases, this overpayment does not bring any benefit, but the frame of the house will have to be made stronger and more expensive due to the increasing weight of the insulation.

Option #2: EPS - expanded polystyrene in the form of plates

Extruded polystyrene foam is one of the varieties of conventional polystyrene foam. EPS has light weight and excellent thermal insulation properties. In almost all respects it is better than mineral wool. But there is a significant problem - it is flammable.

Wall diagram of a frame house with EPS as insulation

Expanded polystyrene is used to form sandwich panels, which are widely used in the construction of frame houses. It is laid between two OSB sheets, resulting in a durable construction material with excellent thermal insulation properties. Two in one - SIP panel (insulation and at the same time the frame of the building itself).

Important! EPS does not allow heat to pass through, but it easily seeps into the joints between the polystyrene foam and the SIP panel strapping beam. If these cracks are not filled with polyurethane foam, then all the money spent on insulating the frame house will be wasted.

The density of expanded polystyrene is low; it is quite fragile to break. But in combination with oriented strand board, the result is a building material that is good for both external walls, and for laying floors and roofs. An EPS wall will not lose its thermal insulation properties even after half a century. She is only afraid of fire and rodents. But for this there are appropriate protective impregnations.

When installing panels with extruded polystyrene foam inside, it is extremely important to ensure that all joints are sealed

EPPS is the best insulation for a frame house based on all its characteristics. However, if there is poor ventilation in a cottage with polystyrene foam walls, it will be impossible to live in it. The material practically does not allow moisture to pass through; without well-organized forced air circulation, the humidity in the rooms will be too high.

Advice! It is better to use expanded polystyrene as insulation for the walls of a frame house only if you purchase ready-made, factory-made SIP panels. It is quite difficult to independently adjust the EPS boards to the exact dimensions of the frame and seal all the gaps.

Option #3: Spray polyurethane foam

This insulation for a frame house belongs to sprayed thermal insulation materials. When the two components are mixed, a foam with high adhesion is formed, which sticks to the walls and fills even small cracks. The result is a uniform insulating layer without cold bridges.

Comparison technical characteristics polyurethane foam, mineral wool and polystyrene foam

Polyurethane foam is expensive, but it provides better thermal insulation than polystyrene foam and mineral wool. At the same time, it is non-flammable and easy to apply to walls, floors and ceilings. However, for spraying you will need special equipment, which will have to be bought or rented, and this is an additional expense.

The construction of frame-based houses is famous for its low cost. It is impossible to classify polyurethane foam as a budget insulation material by definition. It makes an excellent thermal insulation layer, but the whole point of using frame technology is lost.

How good is cement bonded particle board?

For the walls of a frame house, you can choose fiberboard slabs as insulation. They are made from cement, liquid glass and wood chips, which are placed in the volume of material in different directions.

The use of fiberboard in the construction of a frame house

Fiberboard is produced in slabs:

• low density – 250–450 kg/m3;
• medium density– about 600 kg/m3;
• high density – 950–1050 kg/m3.

The first option is designed for noise and heat insulation brick walls, and the second is ideal for laying in a frame. It is worth choosing for cladding partitions of a frame house. For external walls it is better to use the third type of fiberboard.

In terms of density and weight, structural fiberboard comparable to expanded polystyrene, inferior to it slightly in terms of thermal insulation characteristics. But it is stronger than it and is not flammable, and in terms of service life it is close to reinforced concrete and steel. At the same time, formaldehyde and other resins are not used in the production of fiberboard; cement is the binding material.

If you need the cheapest insulation for a frame house, then it is best to choose mineral wool. Expanded polystyrene should be used only in the form of factory-made SIP panels, and it is better to replace it with fiberboard, which is more fireproof. Polyurethane foam is too expensive for a frame. The frame can also be insulated with cellulose ecowool or straw. The final choice depends solely on the wishes and capabilities of the cottage owner. The main thing is to install the insulation correctly.

How to choose insulation for a frame house. Types of insulation, their advantages and disadvantages. Stages of work on insulating the structure.

If wooden house chosen for year-round living, it is necessary to choose the right insulation for a frame house. What properties should the insulation of a frame house have? What are its features in terms of thermal conductivity, water absorption and fire safety? How does insulation shrink and how environmentally friendly is it?

What materials are suitable for insulation? frame structure. What are mineral insulation materials, ecowool and basalt wool? Why is wind protection of insulation and vapor barrier so important?

Rules for insulating frame houses. Types of insulation. Features of insulation of frame-panel and metal frames. What are the functions of insulation for a frame building? Is polyurethane beneficial to use? Stages of work when insulating walls, ceilings and roofs.

What properties should insulation for a frame house have?

Everyone who has encountered frame construction at a certain point we are forced to think about which insulation is best for a frame house. To make the right decision, you need to know the properties of the main thermal insulation materials offered modern market. In addition, one should take into account the rules on which their choice is based. After reading this article, you will be able to consciously and competently select the most suitable insulating material for insulating the walls of a frame house.

Insulation materials used to insulate the walls of a frame house must have the following properties:

• low thermal conductivity;
• fire safety;
• low water absorption;
• no shrinkage;
• environmental friendliness.

Thermal conductivity

The ability of a material to transfer heat is reflected by its thermal conductivity coefficient. The lower its value, the less heat passes through the material. At the same time, in winter time the room does not cool down so quickly, and in the summer it heats up more slowly. This allows for savings on cooling and heating. For this reason, when choosing insulation, be sure to take into account the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material when operating under specific conditions.

Water absorption

Next important indicator, affecting the ability of insulation to retain heat, is its water absorption. It represents the ratio of the amount of water absorbed by the insulation to the mass of the insulation itself. This characteristic demonstrates the ability, in the case of direct contact with water, to absorb and retain moisture in the pores.

Due to the fact that wet material conducts heat well, the lower this value is, the better. This is explained by the fact that when wet, the air pores of the insulation are filled with water, which has greater thermal conductivity than air. Besides, it's too wet material It can simply freeze, turning into ice and completely lose its functions.

Fire safety

Fire safety of materials means the ability to withstand exposure to high temperatures without breaking the structure or igniting. This parameter is regulated by GOST 30244, GOST 30402 and SNiP 21-01-97, which divide them into flammability groups from G1 to G4, while completely non-flammable substances are designated NG. For frame residential buildings, insulation materials belonging to the NG group are most preferred.

Insulation shrinkage

When choosing a heat insulator for a frame building, you should definitely take into account such an indicator as shrinkage ability. This value must be minimal, otherwise during operation, material subsidence will appear in the places where the insulation is laid, which will lead to the formation of cold bridges and an increase in heat loss.

Environmental friendliness

The basis of the walls of a frame house is insulation. Since insulating material will surround you everywhere in a frame house, you need to be sure that it is really high-quality insulation and does not emit harmful substances.

Frame houses have become an excellent innovation in our country - inexpensive and quick way construction of individual buildings.

But despite large number advantages, these buildings have one important drawback, these buildings require additional thermal insulation, since climatic conditions on the territory of Russia, very severe.

Let's consider which insulation is better for a frame house? How to properly produce thermal insulation work, and which insulation is better to use.

Materials for thermal insulation of houses made according to Finnish technology many. Everyone has their shortcomings and positive aspects, therefore, in order to understand how to choose insulation for a frame house and apply the optimal thermal insulation option, it is worth examining in detail the most popular thermal insulators on the construction market.

Mineral wool for insulating frame structures

How to properly insulate a frame house with mineral wool? This material is often used not only construction companies, but also private developers.

This is understandable - the insulation has excellent sound absorption and retains heat excellently. Mineral wool is environmentally friendly, fire resistant material. An insulating layer of 5 cm is capable of retaining heat as well as brickwork half a meter thick.

The main nuance when installing basalt insulation is the installation of a vapor barrier to protect the material from moisture. The fact is that when mineral wool gets wet, it loses its thermal insulation properties.

If you decide to use this insulation for insulation, then do not spare money on purchasing vapor barrier material and special membranes.

How to insulate with mineral wool

The insulation of the walls of a frame house is carried out using lathing, the cells of which should be 60 cm apart - this is important, since stone wool is produced in a roll of this size. The insulator must be cut so that the wool fits between the bars with force and does not sag.

The thickness of the material is selected based on weather conditions in the region. If the climate is harsh, then it is better to use layers 20 cm thick; in mild climates, 5–10 cm is enough.

At multilayer insulation Cold bridges may appear; to eliminate them, 5 cm slabs are laid in two layers, in cells. It is worth understanding that the guide bars must have a cross-section of 10x10. The second two layers of material are laid on top of the frame bars.

Insulating a frame house with mineral wool requires a mandatory vapor barrier, but since outer wall Since the building is already equipped with this material, it does not need to be used before installing the insulation.

After laying the insulator, you need to take care to protect the mineral wool from condensation fumes. Vapor barrier material It is sold in rolls, and it will not be possible to lay it in one sheet, so we purchase construction tape to seal the joints.

Floor insulation in a frame house is carried out using the same basalt wool. Only in this case, the insulator layer must be at least 20 cm. The work is carried out as when insulating frame walls.

Ecowool insulation

An environmentally friendly and affordable insulation for frame houses, the production of which uses waste from the production of cellulose products: paper, cardboard. Ecowool consists of 80% fiber and 10% antiseptic, which protects against the development of fungal formations and microorganisms. To make the insulation less flammable, 10% special additives were introduced into its composition.

Ecowool - disadvantages

Private developers very rarely use this material to insulate their buildings. Ecowool has a number of features that some builders consider as disadvantages:

Strictly follow the standards for filling surfaces with insulation recommended by the manufacturer, otherwise during the shrinkage process areas without insulation may form.

Positive characteristics of ecowool

Many may think that such a process as insulating a frame house for winter living using ecowool is impractical, since this material has a lot of disadvantages.

But with strict adherence technological processes application, the positive characteristics of the material are significantly enhanced:

• Low material consumption makes it cost-effective.
• Ecowool has good noise-absorbing properties.
• The best insulation is made from natural raw materials, which determines its environmental friendliness and safety for people living in the house.
• The composition gains resistance to combustion thanks to additives, and it is worth studying the composition of the product before purchasing. If the composition contains components such as boric acid and ammonium sulfate, then it is better to refuse its use. These components give ecowool an unpleasant and persistent odor, while the fire resistance of the material practically does not decrease. You should only buy a product that contains borax.
• The material is laid without seams, which is a huge advantage, since there are no cold bridges, and insulation wooden house It turns out to be of high quality and reliable.

But the decisive factor indicating the importance of using cross-insulation of a frame house from the inside with this material is the inexpensive cost in combination with positive characteristics.

Insulation of a frame house with ecowool - technological process

As is already known, there are two ways to insulate a frame house – “wet” and “dry”. You can simply spray the material on the walls by diluting it with water or glue, then you will get a great result. But most private developers follow a simpler path and use the “dry” method of insulation, which we will consider.

So, we insulate the frame house with our own hands using ecowool according to the following algorithm:

• First of all, we will undertake to insulate the floor in the house, for this a pressed briquette of material weighing 15 kg, you need to loosen it well, you can use it for this a regular drill with a special nozzle. After these steps, the volume of material will increase three times;
• thermal insulation of the floor of a frame house is quite simple - the material is poured onto the rough covering between the beams with a slight excess, which will be pressed down by the weight of the board for finishing;
• Let's move on to the walls. Before insulation begins, a frame is constructed from bars of the required cross-section. A vapor barrier is attached to the racks, a mandatory element when insulating with ecowool. The frame is sheathed with OSB sheets so that there is a gap on top for filling in insulation. The material will compact under its own weight as it falls asleep, and the top should be well compacted.

Thermal insulation of a frame house with ecowool is worth stocking up on protective equipment: gloves, goggles and respirator. You can significantly optimize the process by renting equipment that loosens the material and blows it out in finished form.

Linen based insulation

Linen has excellent heat-retaining parameters, this is achieved thanks to optimal combination density and porosity of the material.

Linen insulation is produced in several configurations:

• slabs can be used to insulate a frame house from the inside;
• linen strips of laminated veneer lumber construction;
• oakum is used to caulk the walls made of logs.

Due to its high density, this insulator is used for insulation of roofs, floors, partitions and attic floors, in which recreation areas are set up.

Thermal insulation made of flax fiber can be considered the most preferable for insulating a house from the inside - it is environmentally friendly, lasts more than 70 years, does not rot, and mold does not form on it. Unlike ecowool, it is not subject to shrinkage.

Expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam - which is more practical?

Choosing insulation for a frame house is not an easy task; many nuances need to be taken into account. As for heat insulators such as polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam, both materials are successfully used to insulate a house from the inside and outside.

Polystyrene foam, of course, is inferior to its counterpart in some positive properties, but it is so cheap that many private developers prefer to use this material for home insulation.

Among the disadvantages are:

• low level of sound insulation;
• when burning, toxins are released;
• the material is susceptible to attacks by rodents.

Thermal insulation of the facade with foam plastic

• Insulating a frame house from the outside begins with preparing the surface, which needs to be leveled, cracks repaired, and primed with deep penetration impregnation.
• After the facade has dried, you need to install direct hangers on it, which will prevent the slabs from moving off the surface; they will be securely fixed.
• Five points of glue are applied to the foam, the edges are coated around the perimeter.
• The slab with glue is pressed tightly to the surface, working from corner to corner.
• The second row of foam boards is laid in a checkerboard pattern.

The glue composition is prepared in such a way that it can be produced in an hour.

Inconsistencies in the material are adjusted with a heated knife; when gaps form, they are sealed with the following compounds:

• crushed foam is added to the glue;
• fill with penoizol;
• apply polyurethane foam.

For structural strength, the heat insulator should be attached to the surface with plastic dowels, 5 pieces each. on the stove. After this, you can apply any facing material.

Thermal insulation of a frame structure from the inside

The insulation scheme for a frame house from the room side is similar to the previous version. The only difference is in the soil used - you need a composition for interior work with antiseptic properties.

When using an insulating insulator with inside Simple tile adhesive along with dowels is used as an adhesive.

The installed foam plastic slabs are covered with overlapping reinforcing mesh if the surface is to be puttyed, but plasterboard is often used for wall cladding. This method of thermal insulation is much simpler than insulating a frame house using ecowool.

Penoplex

Don’t know what is the best way to insulate a frame house? Buy penoplex - an analogue of polystyrene foam, only with a denser structure, which is why it costs a little more. It is also worth noting that this material is much more demanding during installation - you need to protect it from moisture and sunlight.

In conclusion

We built a frame house - insulation can be done either independently or with the help of a team of specialists. Is the building located in a harsh climate? Apply cross insulation, and we described in detail above how to choose an insulator and how to properly insulate a frame house.

The design of the frame wall is such that the frame elements serve only to impart rigidity and reliability to the entire structure; external and internal cladding serve facing material, protect the insulation from moisture and give the walls additional rigidity. Therefore, to build a frame house, it is necessary to take care of the insulation of horizontal floors (floor, ceiling, interfloor ceilings) and walls (both load-bearing and partitions), understand which insulation is better for a frame house. Before starting to design a house, it is necessary to choose the material and method of insulation, because the entire construction technology and arrangement of frame elements, sheathing and the order of their installation will depend on this.

What requirements must the insulation material meet?

Before discussing each of the materials for insulation, it is necessary to understand by what criteria one or another material can be considered good or bad.

• Thermal conductivity of insulation. The main function of insulation (forgive the tautology) is to insulate the structure for comfortable year-round living. Therefore, when choosing a material, the thermal conductivity coefficient comes first. The lower it is, the less thickness of insulation will be required. But you shouldn’t fanatically look for insulation with the lowest heat loss coefficient. Other criteria are sometimes even more important.
• Environmental friendliness of the material. You are building a house for yourself and the people closest to you. Imagine that these people will have to breathe the chemicals you fill the walls of your house with. Therefore, the insulation material must be absolutely harmless to human health.
• Durability of insulation. Here it should be understood that durability is not only the service life of a material, but its service life without loss of basic properties: thermal conductivity, shape. The service life of the insulation, at a minimum, should not be less than the expected service life of the frame.
• The insulation material must be combined with other materials used to build the house: frame elements, sheathing.
• Moisture resistance. By this concept it is necessary to understand not only the resistance of the insulation to moisture, but also the preservation of its properties when exposed to water or steam.
• Availability on the market. Not in every region you can find any of the insulation materials that are used in frame house construction.
• Ease of use. This criterion can only be considered if you build a house with your own hands. Construction company will not offer you insulation material that its specialists do not know how to work with, or for which they do not have additional equipment.
• Fire hazard. Building with wood always poses a risk of fire. Therefore, the insulation, at a minimum, should not support combustion.

Sawdust

Let's start our research with the oldest insulation material. Sawdust was used by our ancestors to insulate the ceilings and floors of log houses. In Finland, this material was also used to insulate frame walls. Despite the good thermal conductivity coefficient and the unconditional availability, environmental friendliness and low cost of sawdust, it also has a large number of disadvantages.

• For insulation, only dry sawdust, which has excellent flammability, is used.
• When moisture gets into the sawdust, mold forms. Also, when exposed to moisture, sawdust shrinks significantly and loses most of its thermal insulation properties.
• Pests and rodents thrive in walls and horizontal ceilings insulated with sawdust.

To eliminate such significant shortcomings, binders (to combat shrinkage and pests) and chemical additives (to combat mold) began to be added to this material. Clay or cement is usually used as binding elements, and added as an antiseptic. boric acid(which in significant doses is very harmful to humans).

When insulating horizontal surfaces, sawdust and fillers are simply poured between the joists. In the case of wall insulation, it will be necessary to carry out internal and external cladding and pour the mixture into the cavity. What do Internet users say about this insulation method?

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is produced from clay under the influence of very high temperatures. For insulation frame structures Expanded clay of both small and large fractions can be used. The material has a number of very important advantages: it is exceptionally environmentally friendly with good thermal insulation properties, vapor permeability and resistance to high humidity while maintaining its properties. In addition, the insulation is non-flammable and does not attract rodents and pests.

It would seem ideal option insulation? But for proper insulation of a residential building, a layer with a thickness of at least 300 mm for the floor and at least 250 mm for the walls will be required. What do experts say about expanded clay as insulation?

A very harsh statement, but this is exactly how expanded clay is treated. This material is usually used in combination with concrete, which significantly makes structures heavier and deprives walls and floors of the ability to breathe.

Foam glass in granules

According to its properties and appearance foam glass - very similar to expanded clay. Produced from quartz sand under very high temperatures. The material has all the advantages of expanded clay: environmental friendliness, moisture resistance, insulated structures continue to breathe. It is an excellent bulk material for insulating both horizontal and vertical surfaces. The only drawback is the very high price.

The availability of this product is also important. Not in every region you can find a manufacturer of high-quality insulation made from glass granules.

Mineral insulation

They can be divided into two large groups: basalt and fiberglass. Both materials have similar release forms and have almost identical properties. Basalt insulation are produced in the form of slabs; fiberglass can be produced both in the form of slabs and in rolls.

Main advantages mineral insulation: excellent thermal insulation and sound insulation, non-flammability, absolute environmental friendliness (in the case of using fiberglass, it is important to use resin-free insulation), low cost and ease of installation, excellent combination with a wooden frame and any cladding options, which allows the walls to breathe. The only drawback of these insulation materials is their low resistance to moisture. It is necessary to install special construction membranes to remove vapors from the thickness of the material.

Insulation in the form of mats is considered universal for walls and horizontal ceilings. Roll materials are great solution for horizontal floors and low-slope roofs.

Today, these materials are most often used for insulating frame structures. This is due to the advantages of these insulation materials and the traditions of Finnish house building, where this type of material is also used in most structures.

There are many manufacturers on the mineral insulation market, and the materials of each of them have different quality. Let's evaluate the opinions of professionals and ordinary people.

Let's take a look at the largest product review portal on the Internet - Otzovik. Let's consider the leading brands among mineral insulation materials.

Ecowool

A very common material for the construction of frame structures. For its production, recycling of materials from the pulp and paper industry is used. It is a bulk material of small fractions. To prevent shrinkage, fiber is added to ecowool; to combat mold and pests, special antiseptics are added that are harmless to human health. In its properties, ecowool is very similar to wood. This results in high vapor permeability of the material; it goes well with frame elements and any cladding options. The material practically does not shrink and does not lose its thermal insulation properties when exposed to moisture. All its advantages allowed it to win wide demand in the Russian frame house-building market.

Polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam

The materials have excellent thermal insulation properties. The thermal insulation of mineral insulation is almost twice as good. Low weight, resistance to high moisture, complete absence of shrinkage during operation - all these features have made these materials very widespread. The key disadvantages are: high fire danger and complete vapor permeability, which does not allow the frame to breathe.

Polystyrene-based insulation has been found wide application during the construction of frame houses from SIP panels. XPS slabs have independent rigidity, which allows you to build houses without wooden frame. Polyurethane foam has identical properties and differs only in the insulation method - the material is sprayed onto the insulated surface.

Conclusion

It is very difficult to draw a definitive conclusion about the exceptional superiority of any material. Each of the insulation materials has advantages and disadvantages. But the significant use of mineral insulation and ecowool indicates their superiority. Insulation vapor-tight materials harms the durability of the lumber used for the frame.

If you use loose ecowool, it is perfect for insulating horizontal floors. Ecowool is supplied with uniform pressure between the logs. When insulating walls, you have to drill holes to feed ecowool into each cavity. Now you can find a lot of debate on the Internet about whether ecowool is the best insulation, or inferior to mineral analogues.