Good afternoon to our course participants. regulatory documents fire safety, as well as to regular readers of our site and colleagues in the workshop. We continue our course of studying regulatory documents in the field of fire safety. Today, in the twenty-third lesson, we continue to study the sets of rules, which are an appendix to the Federal Law FZ-123, which we have already completed, and which are regulatory documents in the field of ensuring fire safety in the territory Russian Federation.

Today we will continue to study the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 “Systems fire protection Settings fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing systems. Design norms and rules”, which we studied in previous lessons.

You can read early publications of course materials in

chronologically at the following links:

As always, before starting the topic of the twenty-third lesson, I suggest you answer several homework questions on previously covered material. The questions follow below. You answer questions, test yourself, and grade yourself.

Official Listeners do not need to do all this on their own - we will check the Listeners’ test and give marks by exchanging information via email. Anyone who wishes to become an official student of the course is welcome - you can read the conditions by following the first link in the text of the introductory lesson.

So, ten questions on the topic – provisions of SP 5.13130-2009:

1. 9.2.7. For the settlement area of ​​the local powder fire extinguishing the size of the protected area increased by 10%, increased by......select... .% the size of the protected volume is accepted.

Select from: (10) – (15) – (20) – (25)

1. 9.2.8. Powder fire extinguishing of the entire protected volume of the room may be provided in rooms with a degree of leakage up to......select... .%. In rooms with a volume of over 400 cubic meters. m, as a rule, fire extinguishing methods are used - local over the area (volume) or over the entire area.

Select from: (1%) – (1,5%) – (2%) – (2,5%) – (6%)

1. 9.2.11. Pipelines and their connections in powder fire extinguishing installations must ensure strength at a test pressure equal to......select.... P, where

P – operating pressure of the module.

Select from: (1) – (1,15) – (1,25) – (1,3) – (1,35)

4. 12.1.1. The control equipment for fire extinguishing installations must provide:

a) generation of a command to automatically start a fire extinguishing installation when two or more fire detectors are triggered, and for water and foam fire extinguishing installations, it is allowed to generate a command from two pressure alarms. Pressure alarms must be switched on according to a logical scheme......select.... ;……………..

Select from (“AND”) – (“OR”)

1. For fire extinguishing installations that use water with a wetting agent based on a foaming agent general purpose, irrigation intensity and flow rate are taken into......select.... . times less than for aquatic ones.

Select from: (1,2) – (1,5) – (1,8) – (2) – (6)

1. 8.9.4. Pipelines of gas APT systems must be securely fastened. The gap between the pipeline and the wall should be at least......select... . cm.

Select from (0,1) – (0,5) – (1) – (2) – (5)

a) in premises that cannot be left by people before the supply of fire extinguishing powders begins;

b) in rooms with a large number of people (.......select.... people or more).

Select from (10) – (30) – (50) – (100) – (500)

8. 8.10.2. The nominal diameter of the incentive pipelines of gas APT systems should be taken equal to......select... . mm.

Select from (10) – (15) – (20) – (25) – (40)

1. 9.1.4. Powder fire extinguishing systems should not be used to extinguish fires:

Combustible materials prone to spontaneous combustion and smoldering inside the volume of the substance ( sawdust, cotton, grass flour, etc.);

Pyrophoric substances and materials prone to smoldering and burning without air access.

LVZH and GZH

-select and remove incorrect position

10. 9.2.4. When placing modules in a protected area......select.... local manual start.

Select from (absence allowed) – (presence required) – (organization not allowed)

With this, we have finished checking the Homework, we move on to the twenty-third lesson, we continue to study the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009. As usual, I remind you that especially important places texts that just need to be memorized, I will mark in red font and my personal comments to the text – in blue font.

13. Fire alarm systems

13.1. General provisions when choosing types of fire detectors for the protected object

13.1.1. It is recommended to select the type of point smoke fire detector in accordance with its sensitivity to various types smoke.

13.1.2. Fire flame detectors should be used if open flames or overheated surfaces (usually over 600 °C) are expected to appear in the control zone in the event of a fire at its initial stage, as well as in the presence of flaming combustion when the height of the room exceeds the limit values ​​for use smoke or heat detectors, as well as at a high rate of fire development, when the time of fire detection by other types of detectors does not allow the tasks of protecting people and material assets to be fulfilled.

13.1.3. The spectral sensitivity of the flame detector must correspond to the emission spectrum of the flame of combustible materials located in the detector’s control zone.

13.1.4. Thermal fire detectors should be used if heat generation is expected in the control zone in the event of a fire at its initial stage and the use of other types of detectors is impossible due to the presence of factors leading to their activation in the absence of a fire.

13.1.5. Differential and maximum-differential thermal fire detectors should be used to detect the source of a fire if there are no temperature changes in the control zone that are not related to the occurrence of a fire that could trigger the activation of fire detectors of these types.

Maximum thermal fire detectors are not recommended for use in rooms where the air temperature during a fire may not reach the detector response temperature or will reach it after an unacceptably long time.

13.1.6. When choosing thermal fire detectors, it should be taken into account that the response temperature of maximum and maximum-differential detectors must be at least 20 °C higher than the maximum permissible temperature indoor air.

13.1.7. Gas fire detectors are recommended to be used if in the control zone, in the event of a fire at its initial stage, the release of a certain type of gases in concentrations that can cause the detectors to operate is expected. Gas fire detectors should not be used in premises where, in the absence of a fire, gases may appear in concentrations that cause the detectors to operate.

13.1.8. In the case where the predominant fire factor in the control zone is not determined, it is recommended to use a combination of fire detectors that respond to various fire factors, or combined fire detectors.

Note – The predominant fire factor is considered to be the factor that is detected at the initial stage of the fire in the minimum time.

13.1.9. The total value of the time of fire detection by fire detectors and the estimated time of evacuation of people should not exceed the time of occurrence of the maximum permissible values ​​of fire hazards.

13.1.10. It is recommended to select the types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load in accordance with Appendix M. As you can see, the word “recommended” is written in this paragraph - do not confuse it with the word “necessary” or “should”. Try to adhere to Appendix M, but also take more into account the features of the object, in accordance with the above paragraphs 13.1.2-13.1.8.

13.1.11. Fire detectors should be used in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules, other regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as technical documentation for specific types of detectors.

The design of detectors must ensure their safety in relation to the external environment in accordance with the requirements. Here we are talking about the correspondence of the degree of protection of the detector housing to the class of the zone according to the PUE. Many designers say that the PUE is not an authority for electricians and for us who design fire safety automation. Here is the answer to this statement - the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 are already difficult to protest.

The type and parameters of detectors must ensure their resistance to the effects of climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic, optical, radiation and other environmental factors at the locations of the detectors. Sometimes, designers stubbornly install smoke detectors in the damp basement of an office building or in an unheated vestibule at the entrance to the same administrative building. They are guided by Appendix M - ABK, which means smoke. This is not correct. The above requirement for climate stability has not been canceled and it has a more dominant position than the recommended Appendix M.

(clause 13.1.11 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)

13.1.12. Smoke fire detectors, powered by a fire alarm loop and having a built-in sounder, are recommended to be used for prompt, local notification and determination of the location of a fire in premises in which the following conditions are simultaneously met:

the main factor in the occurrence of a fire in the initial stage is the appearance of smoke;

There may be people present in the protected premises.

Such detectors must be included in unified system fire alarm system with the output of alarm messages to the fire alarm control panel located in the premises of the duty personnel.

Notes:

2. The use of these detectors does not exclude equipping the building with a warning system in accordance with (15). A very significant point. Sometimes, given the presence of “sweeters” in fire detectors, the designer or owner decides to save money and not design an SOUE system. This won't work.

13.2. Requirements for the organization of fire alarm control zones

13.2.1. One fire alarm loop with fire detectors (one pipe for air sampling if used aspiration detector), without an address, it is allowed to equip a control zone that includes:

premises located on no more than two interconnected floors, with a total area of ​​300 square meters. m or less;

up to ten isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of ​​no more than 1600 sq. m, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc.;

up to twenty isolated and adjacent premises with a total area of ​​no more than 1600 sq. m, located on one floor of the building, while isolated rooms must have access to a common corridor, hall, vestibule, etc., with a remote light alarm indicating the activation of fire detectors above the entrance to each controlled room;

non-addressed fire alarm loops must unite premises in accordance with their division into protection zones. In addition, fire alarm loops must connect the premises in such a way that the time for identifying the location of the fire by the personnel on duty with semi-automatic control does not exceed 1/5 of the time, after which it is possible to safely evacuate people and extinguish the fire. If the specified time exceeds the given value, the control must be automatic.

The maximum number of non-addressable fire detectors powered by the alarm loop must ensure registration of all notifications provided for in the control panel used.

13.2.2. The maximum number and area of ​​premises protected by one address line with addressable fire detectors or addressable devices is determined by the technical capabilities of the receiving and control equipment, technical characteristics detectors included in the line and does not depend on the location of the premises in the building.

Addressable fire alarm loops together with addressable fire detectors can include addressable input/output devices, addressable control modules for addressless loops with addressable fire detectors included in them, short-circuit separators, and addressable actuators. The possibility of including addressable devices in an addressable loop and their number are determined by the technical characteristics of the equipment used, given in the manufacturer’s technical documentation.

Address lines of control panels may include address security detectors or addressless security detectors through addressable devices, subject to the provision of the necessary algorithms for the work of firefighters and security systems.

(clause 13.2.2 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)

13.2.3. The distance of radio channel devices from the control panel is determined in accordance with the manufacturer’s data given in the technical documentation and confirmed in in the prescribed manner.

13.3. Placement of fire detectors

13.3.1. The number of automatic fire detectors is determined by the need to detect fires in a controlled area of ​​premises or areas of premises, and the number of flame detectors is also determined by the controlled area of ​​equipment.

13.3.2. In each protected room, at least two fire detectors should be installed, connected according to the logical “OR” circuit.

Note – In the case of using an aspirating detector, unless specifically specified, it is necessary to proceed from the following position: one air intake opening should be considered as one point (addressless) fire detector. In this case, the detector must generate a malfunction signal if the air flow rate in the air intake pipe deviates by 20% from its initial value set as an operating parameter. This point must be understood correctly. AT LEAST TWO - this does not mean that any fire detectors can be installed in two pieces! Keyword here there is not “TWO”, but “NO LESS”. This means that TWO detectors can be installed if certain conditions are met, and if these conditions are not met, then more than two detectors will have to be installed. Further, in the text, the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 offer clauses 14.1 and 14.3, where the quantity required for the installation of fire detectors is discussed in more detail.

13.3.3. In the protected room or designated parts of the room, it is allowed to install one automatic fire detector if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

a) the area of ​​the room is no more than the area protected by the fire detector specified in the technical documentation for it, and no more than the average area indicated in tables 13.3-13.6.;

b) automatic monitoring of the fire detector’s performance under the influence of environmental factors is provided, confirming the performance of its functions, and a notification of serviceability (malfunction) is generated on the control panel;

c) identification of a faulty detector is ensured using a light indication and the possibility of replacing it by personnel on duty within a specified time, determined in accordance with Appendix O.

d) when a fire detector is triggered, a signal is not generated to control fire extinguishing installations or type 5 fire warning systems according to (15), as well as other systems, the false operation of which can lead to unacceptable material losses or a decrease in the level of human safety. Yes, you can install one fire detector, but read carefully the points under which conditions this is possible. And you must also understand that the possibility of installing a specific fire detector in the amount of 1 (One) piece must be determined not only by you, as a designer, but also by a more authoritative expert organization. As a rule, compliance of a specific fire detector model with clause 13.3.3 is confirmed information letter VNIIPO after the tests. We wrote an article on this topic on our website - read it and you will understand everything. Here is the link - installing one addressable fire detector indoors. Download regulatory references, explanations of requirements, recommendations and conclusions of VNIIPO.

13.3.4. Point fire detectors should be installed under the ceiling.

If it is not possible to install detectors directly on the ceiling, they can be installed on cables, as well as on walls, columns and other load-bearing building structures. Important point– as you can see, the type of fire detectors that can be installed on cables is not defined. Therefore, those who say that smoke point fire detectors cannot be installed on a cable are wrong - ANY can be installed, as you can see, there are no prohibitions. However, subject to mandatory compliance with the conditions below.

When installing point detectors on walls, they should be placed at a distance of at least 0.5 m from the corner and at a distance from the ceiling in accordance with Appendix P.

The distance from the top point of the ceiling to the detector at the place of its installation and depending on the height of the room and the shape of the ceiling can be determined in accordance with Appendix P or at other heights if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks in accordance with GOST 12.1.004, which must be confirmed by calculation.

When hanging detectors on a cable, their stable position and orientation in space must be ensured. Acceptable spatial orientation of the smoke fire detector (horizontal or vertical) can be achieved by using two parallel cables. This is of course labor-intensive, but sometimes there is simply no other choice. For example, suspended ceilings are available and there are only two options. Or you will have to cut holes in suspended ceiling for fire detectors, similar to built-in spot lights. Or here is an option - two parallel cables, between the cables there is a perforated galvanized plate, as a base, and on this plate there is a horizontally oriented fire detector. I hope the design is clear, although it can be changed while maintaining the achieved result.

In the case of aspiration detectors, it is allowed to install air intake pipes in both horizontal and vertical planes.

When fire detectors are located at a height of more than 6 m, an access option to the detectors for maintenance and repair must be determined. This point is very often forgotten. Sometimes the project contains detectors in such hard-to-reach places that for installation it is necessary to stop production (for example) and build scaffolding all day just to get to the detector installation site. Keep in mind that such a decision can easily be appealed by a meticulous expert, based on the above provisions of SP 5.13130-2009. Your head is for thinking. So approach the issue creatively, and don’t mindlessly scribble down something that is then practically impossible to implement.

13.3.5. In rooms with steep roofs, for example, diagonal, gable, hipped, hipped, saw-toothed, with a slope of more than 10 degrees, some detectors are installed in the vertical plane of the roof ridge or the highest part of the building.

The area protected by one detector installed in upper parts roofs, increases by 20%. I draw your attention to this: real option Save both material and labor costs - do not neglect.

Note – If the floor plane has different slopes, then the detectors are installed on surfaces with lower slopes.

13.3.6. The placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be made taking into account the air flows in the protected room caused by the air supply and/or exhaust ventilation, while the distance from the detector to vent must be at least 1 m. In the case of using aspirating fire detectors, the distance from the air intake pipe with holes to the ventilation hole is regulated by the amount of permissible air flow for of this type detectors in accordance with technical documentation to the detector. Please pay attention and remember - a distance of 1 meter from the ventilation hole to the fire detector is required not only for SMOKE, but also for HEAT fire detectors. Many believe that this moment is only for smoke detectors, since the smoke is drawn out by ventilation and the fire detector cannot accumulate the required amount of smoke in its smoke chamber to trigger a fire, which leads to an incorrect determination of the quality of the surrounding atmosphere and the presence of smoke in this atmosphere. So, whoever claims this is WRONG! Read more carefully the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009.

The horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electric lamps in any case must be at least 0.5 m. Fire detectors must be placed in such a way that nearby objects and devices (pipes, air ducts, equipment, etc.) do not interfere influence of fire factors on detectors, and sources light radiation, electromagnetic interference did not affect the detector's continued functionality. This clause is relatively new, only in the edition of Change 1 - in the first edition the clause sounds differently. The new edition must be taken into account. Here you need to pay attention to the words “Horizontal and vertical distance”. This means that if a lamp is installed diagonally from the fire detector, closer than 0.5 meters (there are pendant lamps, not ceiling lamps) and horizontally this lamp recedes from the ceiling at a distance more than the height of the fire detector body, then this lamp horizontally does not cause interference for the fire detector. If, moreover, there is no interference vertically closer than 0.5 meters from the detector, then it’s absolutely beautiful - install it boldly, and if anyone has any questions, send him to the point indicated above.

(clause 13.3.6 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)

13.3.7. The distances between detectors, as well as between the wall and detectors, given in tables 13.3 and 13.5, can be changed within the area given in tables 13.3 and 13.5. Hmm......this is a clarification for the very “obedient” ones, who will accurately measure the number of meters indicated in the table. This means that if the table says that the distance between fire detectors is 9 meters, then you can take 8 or 7 meters. No more than 9 meters is meant. This is the maximum permissible value.

13.3.8. Point smoke and heat fire detectors should be installed in each ceiling compartment with a width of 0.75 m or more, limited by building structures (beams, purlins, slab ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m. Here, as you can see, it is not specified exactly HOW MANY fire detectors should be installed in each ceiling compartment. To accurately understand this issue, we wrote a request to the developers of the standards at the institute fire department VNIIPO and received a response. You can read more details in our article by following the link - how many fire detectors should be installed in a compartment limited by beams of more than 0.4 meters? And one more link - continuation of the article - fire detectors in the ceiling compartment with beams more than 0.4 meters (clarification)! This is a must read!

If building structures protrude from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m, and the width of the compartments they form is less than 0.75 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 40%.

If there are protruding parts on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 25%.

The maximum distance between detectors along linear beams is determined according to tables 13.3 and 13.5, taking into account clause 13.3.10.

(clause 13.3.8 as amended by Amendment No. 1, approved by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274)

13.3.9. Point and linear, smoke and heat fire detectors, as well as aspiration detectors, should be installed in each compartment of the room formed by stacks of materials, racks, equipment and building structures, the upper edges of which are 0.6 m or less from the ceiling. A very important point - remember and implement. Often they do not attach importance and receive comments accordingly.

13.3.10. When installing point smoke fire detectors in rooms less than 3 m wide or under a raised floor or above a false ceiling and in other spaces less than 1.7 m high, the distances between detectors specified in Table 13.3 may be increased by 1.5 times. Pay attention to the wording. The phrase “distances between detectors” can be increased by 1.5 times. This does not mean that the distance from the wall to the detector can also be increased! Very common mistake– increasing distances in a row.

13.3.11. When placing fire detectors under a raised floor, above a false ceiling and in other places inaccessible for viewing, it must be possible to determine the location of the triggered detector (for example, they must be addressable or addressable, that is, have an addressable device, or connected to independent fire alarm loops, or must have remote optical indication, etc.). The design of the false floor and false ceiling must provide access to fire detectors for their maintenance. Here the key point of the paragraph lies in the part of the phrase “have an external optical indication, etc.” Main point"etc." This assumption “and the like” makes it possible to simply stick some kind of sign on the suspended ceiling, indicating that a detector is installed in this place behind the ceiling. For example, a red circle made of paper or a yellow square or anything else you can think of. And this will not be a violation.

13.3.12. Fire detectors should be installed in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation for specific types of detectors. However, it often happens that the technical documentation says “YES”, but the provisions of SP 5.13130-2009 or another regulatory document say “NO”. In this case, you need to do “NO”, since all the requirements must be met. Sometimes manufacturers, in order to increase sales of their products, “bend” the norms a little - like, for all other similar products from other manufacturers, it is “impossible”, according to the norms, but for our product, “it’s even possible a little.” How they manage to obtain a safety certificate for their products is a completely different story, and I think that the story is “not without sin.”

13.3.13. In places where there is danger mechanical damage detector, a protective structure must be provided that does not interfere with its functionality and fire detection efficiency.

13.3.14. If different types of fire detectors are installed in one control zone, their placement is carried out in accordance with the requirements of these standards for each type of detector.

13.3.15. If the predominant fire factor is not determined, it is allowed to install combined fire detectors (smoke - heat) or a combination of smoke and heat fire detectors. In this case, the placement of detectors is carried out according to table 13.5.

If the predominant fire factor is smoke, the detectors are placed according to Table 13.3 or 13.6.

In this case, when determining the number of detectors, a combined detector is taken into account as one detector. Important point. I carried out an examination of a project in which combined smoke-heat detectors were installed and the designer treated this detector as two separate fire detectors installed next to each other. At the same time, he wrote a thesis that every point in the room is controlled by at least two fire detectors. Brilliant! In general, I made a comment and sent the project for revision.

13.3.16. Ceiling-mounted detectors can be used to protect the space below a perforated false ceiling if the following conditions are simultaneously met:

perforation has a periodic structure and its area exceeds 40% of the surface;

the minimum size of each perforation in any section is not less than 10 mm;

the thickness of the false ceiling is no more than three times the minimum size of the perforation cell.

If at least one of these requirements is not met, detectors must be installed on the false ceiling in the main room, and if it is necessary to protect the space behind the suspended ceiling, additional detectors must be installed on the main ceiling. An important point that determines the requirements for perforation of a suspended ceiling. Many people believe that if there is any kind of perforation (a couple of small holes) in suspended ceiling, then that’s it – the smoke passes and you can get by with ceiling detectors. Nothing like that!

13.3.17. Detectors should be oriented so that the indicators are directed, if possible, towards the door leading to the exit from the room. Well, that's the point. Previously, I myself always wrote this requirement in the projects in the “installation instructions” part of the project and demanded it from other designers, whose projects I checked and made a conclusion. I often heard behind my back “WOOOO......THE BEAST!!!” I kind of find fault with them. However, imagine the situation. A competent inspector came to the already installed facility and took and wrote comments on the installation, based on the above point, and demanded that the comments be eliminated within a certain period of time. What is the result? The installers are furious - again they will have to climb all the ceilings and turn the detectors over with indicators front door, reconnect everything……..it’s boring! Moreover, pay attention - in the paragraph of the norms the word “must be oriented” is written. It doesn't say "recommended". Should mean you have to fix it. Claims can be brought against the designer for not writing this very phrase!

13.3.18. The placement and use of fire detectors, the procedure for use of which is not defined in this set of rules, must be carried out in accordance with the recommendations agreed upon in the prescribed manner.

13.4. Spot smoke detectors

13.4.1. The area controlled by one point smoke fire detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, except for the cases specified in 13.3.7, must be determined according to Table 13.3, but not exceeding the values ​​​​specified in the technical specifications and passports for specific detectors types.

Table 13.3

13.5. Linear smoke detectors

13.5.1. The emitter and receiver (transceiver and reflector) of a linear smoke fire detector should be installed on walls, partitions, columns and other structures that ensure their rigid fastening, so that their optical axis passes at a distance of at least 0.1 m and no more 0.6 m from the floor level.

Note – It is allowed to place detectors lower than 0.6 m from the ceiling level if the detection time is sufficient to perform fire protection tasks, which must be confirmed by calculations. There are a lot of questions about what kind of calculation this is. The calculation is not simple, taking into account the characteristics of the spread of fire at the facility, the type of flammable load in the room, and the evacuation time at the facility. Moreover, this is for each protected premises separately. It would be better not to mess with the calculation. If you can't install standard distances, then it is better to change the type of detectors. It will be faster and more efficient.

13.5.2. The emitter and receiver (transceiver and reflector) of a linear smoke fire detector should be placed in such a way that various objects do not fall into the detection zone of the fire detector during its operation. The minimum and maximum distance between the emitter and the receiver or the detector and the reflector is determined by the technical documentation for specific types of detectors.

13.5.3. When monitoring a protected area with two or more linear smoke fire detectors in rooms up to 12 m high, the maximum distance between their parallel optical axes should be no more than 9.0 m, and the optical axis and the wall should be no more than 4.5 m.

13.5.4. In rooms with a height of over 12 m and up to 21 m linear detectors, as a rule, should be installed in two tiers in accordance with table 13.4, while:

the first tier of detectors should be located at a distance of 1.5 - 2 m from the upper fire load level, but not less than 4 m from the floor plane;

the second tier of detectors should be located at a distance of no more than 0.8 m from the ceiling level

Table 13.4

13.5.5. Detectors should be installed in such a way that the minimum distance from their optical axes to walls and surrounding objects is at least 0.5 m.

In addition, the minimum distances between their optical axes, from the optical axes to walls and surrounding objects, in order to avoid mutual interference, must be established in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation.

13.6. Point heat fire detectors

13.6.1. The area controlled by one point thermal fire detector, as well as the maximum distance between the detectors, the detector and the wall, with the exception of the cases specified in clause 13.3.7, must be determined according to table 13.5, but not exceeding the values ​​​​specified in the technical specifications and passports detectors.

Table 13.5

13.6.2. Thermal fire detectors should be located taking into account the exclusion of the influence on them of thermal influences not related to fire.

13.7. Linear thermal fire detectors

13.7.1. The sensitive element of linear and multipoint heat fire detectors is located under the ceiling or in direct contact with the fire load.

13.7.2. When installing non-cumulative detectors under a ceiling, the distance between the axes of the detector's sensitive element must meet the requirements of Table 13.5.

The distance from the sensitive element of the detector to the ceiling must be at least 25 mm.

When storing materials on racks, it is allowed to lay the sensitive element of the detectors along the top of the tiers and racks.

The placement of sensitive elements of cumulative action detectors is carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of this detector, agreed with the authorized organization.

13.8. Flame detectors

13.8.1. Fire flame detectors must be installed on ceilings, walls and other building structures of buildings and structures, as well as on technological equipment. If smoke is possible at the initial stage of a fire, the distance from the detector to the ceiling must be at least 0.8 m.

13.8.2. Flame detectors must be placed taking into account the possible effects of optical interference.

Pulse type detectors should not be used if the surface area of ​​the fire source may exceed the area of ​​the detector control zone within 3 s.

13.8.3. The control zone must be monitored by at least two flame detectors connected according to the logical “AND” circuit, and the location of the detectors must ensure control of the protected surface, as a rule, from opposite directions.

It is permissible to use one fire detector in a control zone if the detector can simultaneously monitor this entire zone and the conditions of clause 13.3.3 “b”, “c”, “d” are met.

13.8.4. The area of ​​the room or equipment controlled by the flame detector should be determined based on the viewing angle of the detector, sensitivity in accordance with GOST R 53325, as well as the sensitivity to the flame of a specific combustible material given in the technical documentation for the detector.

13.9. Aspirating smoke detectors

13.9.1. Aspirating smoke detectors (ASF) should be installed in accordance with Table 13.6 depending on the sensitivity class.

Table 13.6

Aspirating detectors of class A, B are recommended for the protection of large open spaces and rooms with a room height of more than 8 m: in atriums, production workshops, warehouses, trading floors, passenger terminals, gyms and stadiums, circuses, in exhibition halls of museums, art galleries, etc., as well as for protecting premises with a large concentration of electronic equipment: server rooms, automatic telephone exchanges, data processing centers.

13.9.2. It is allowed to integrate the air intake pipes of an aspiration detector into building structures or room decoration elements while maintaining access to the air intake openings. The aspirating detector pipes can be located behind suspended ceiling(under the raised floor) with air intake through additional capillary tubes of variable length passing through the false ceiling/raised floor with the air intake opening exiting into the main space of the room. It is permissible to use holes in the air intake pipe (including through the use of capillary tubes) to control the presence of smoke both in the main and in a designated space (behind the suspended ceiling/under the false floor). If necessary, it is possible to use capillary tubes with a hole at the end to protect hard-to-reach places, as well as to take air samples from internal space units, mechanisms, racks, etc.

13.9.3. Maximum length the air intake pipe, as well as the maximum number of air intake openings, are determined by the technical characteristics of the aspirating fire detector.

13.9.4. When installing pipes of aspirating smoke fire detectors in rooms less than 3 m wide or under a raised floor, or above a false ceiling and in other spaces less than 1.7 m high, the distances between the air intake pipes and the wall indicated in Table 13.6 may be increased by 1.5 times. Please note - we're talking about only about increasing the distances between the pipes and the wall! The distance between the air intake openings remains unchanged. By the way, again there is a blot in the standards - the table shows the distances between the air intake openings and the wall, and not between the air intake pipes and the wall! Rule makers, damn.....! Well, this is already implied, since it is written in the text “....indicated in table 13.6...”, i.e. There is no other explanation. Although, the norms must be written absolutely specifically and precisely and not allow ambiguous interpretations.

Considering the considerable amount of information that needs to be memorized and which has already been stated above, this concludes the twenty-second lesson. Further in the text we will study the provisions of 5.13130-2009 in the next lesson, which will be the final one on this topic.

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Note: SP 5.13130.2009 as amended No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" replaced by SP 5.13130.2013.

SP 5.13130.2009 as amended No. 1 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules"

1. Preface
2. 1. Scope of application
3. 2. Normative references
4. 3. Terms and definitions
5. 4. General provisions
6. 5. Water and foam fire extinguishing systems
7. 6. Fire extinguishing installations with high expansion foam
8. 7. Robotic fire complex
9. 8. Gas fire extinguishing installations
10. 9. Modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
11. 10. Aerosol fire extinguishing installations
12. 11. Autonomous fire extinguishing installations
13. 12. Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations
14. 13. Fire alarm systems
15. 14. Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment objects
16. 15. Power supply of fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations
17. 16. Protective grounding and zeroing. Security requirements
18. 17. General provisions taken into account when choosing fire automatic equipment
19. Appendix A. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms. General provisions
    1. I. Buildings
    2. II. Facilities
    3. III. Premises
    4. IV. Equipment
20. Appendix B Groups of premises (industrial and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard depending on their functional purpose and fire load of combustible materials
21. Appendix B Methodology for calculating AUP parameters for surface fire extinguishing with water and low expansion foam
22. Appendix D Methodology for calculating the parameters of high-expansion foam fire extinguishing installations
23. Appendix D Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents
24. Appendix E Methodology for calculating the mass of gas fire extinguishing agent for gas fire extinguishing installations when extinguishing by volumetric method
25. Appendix G. Methodology hydraulic calculation low pressure carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations
26. Appendix Z. Methodology for calculating the area of ​​the opening for discharge overpressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations
27. Appendix I. General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations
28. Appendix K Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations
29. Appendix L. Methodology for calculating excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing aerosol to a room
30. Appendix M Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load
31. Appendix N. Installation locations of manual fire call points depending on the purpose of buildings and premises
32. Appendix O. Determining the set time for detecting a fault and eliminating it
33. Appendix P. Distances from the top point of the ceiling to the detector measuring element
34. Appendix R Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal
35. Bibliography

PREFACE

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by the Federal Law of December 27, 202 No. 184-FZ “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying sets of rules are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for the development and approval of sets of rules” dated November 19, 2008 No. 858.

Information on the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules"

• DEVELOPED BY FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
• INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”
• APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated March 25, 2009 No. 175
• REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology
• INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
• Change No. 1 was introduced, approved and put into effect by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated June 1, 2011 No. 274. The effective date of change No. 1 is June 20, 2011.

1. AREA OF APPLICATION

1.1 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" developed in accordance with Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111 - 116 of the Federal Law dated July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes standards and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

1.2 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm installations:

• buildings and structures designed according to special standards;
• technological installations located outside buildings;
• warehouse buildings with mobile shelving;
• warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging;
• warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.

1.4 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemical active substances and materials, including:

• reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals);
• decomposing upon interaction with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides);
• interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite);
• spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules" can be used in the development of special technical specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm installations.

Other documents

SP 7.13130.2013 Heating, ventilation and air conditioning. Fire safety requirements

MINISTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR CIVIL DEFENSE, EMERGENCIES AND DISASTER ELIMINATION

BOOK OF RULES

SP 5.13130 ​​as amended 2016

Official publication

Preface

The goals and principles of standardization in the Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the rules for applying sets of rules are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules” dated November 19, 2008 No. 858

Rulebook Details

1 DEVELOPED BY FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 274 “Fire Safety”

4 REGISTERED by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

5 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME

Information about changes to this set of rules is published in the annually published information index “National Standards”, and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system for public use - on the official website of the developer (FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia) on the Internet

EMERCOM of Russia, 2009 FGU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, 2009

This set of rules cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and the Federal State Institution VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia

1 Scope of application...................1

3 Terms and definitions...................3

4 General provisions...................9

5 Water and foam fire extinguishing systems....................................10

6 Fire extinguishing installations with high-expansion foam....................................27

7 Robotic fire complex...................................28

8 Gas fire extinguishing installations....................................30

9 Modular type powder fire extinguishing installations....................................37

10 Aerosol fire extinguishing installations...................................39

11 Autonomous fire extinguishing installations...................................43

12 Control equipment for fire extinguishing installations.................................43

13 Fire alarm systems................................48

14 Interrelation of fire alarm systems with other systems and engineering equipment of facilities.................................59

15 Power supply for fire alarm systems and fire extinguishing installations.................................60

16 Protective grounding and grounding. Safety requirements...................61

17 General provisions taken into account when choosing technical means of fire automatics......62

Appendix A List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to

protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations and automatic fire alarms....................................63

Appendix B Groups of premises (industrial and technological processes) according to the degree of fire hazard depending on their functional purpose

and fire load of combustible materials...................................70

Appendix B Methodology for calculating the parameters of the fire control system for surface fire extinguishing with water

and low-expansion foam......................71

Appendix D Methodology for calculating the parameters of high-expansion fire extinguishing installations

foam...................79

Appendix E Initial data for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agents...................................80

Appendix E Methodology for calculating the mass of gaseous fire extinguishing agent for installations

gas fire extinguishing when extinguishing by volumetric method...................................83

Appendix G Methodology for hydraulic calculation of carbon dioxide fire extinguishing installations

low pressure......85

Appendix 3 Methodology for calculating the opening area for relieving excess pressure in rooms protected by gas fire extinguishing installations......88

Appendix I General provisions for the calculation of modular type powder fire extinguishing installations...................................89

Appendix K Methodology for calculating automatic aerosol fire extinguishing installations.................................92

Appendix L Methodology for calculating excess pressure when supplying fire extinguishing aerosol

into the room...................96

Appendix M Selection of types of fire detectors depending on the purpose of the protected premises and the type of fire load....................................97

Appendix N Installation locations of manual fire call points depending on their purpose

buildings and premises...................98

Appendix O Determination of the set time for detecting a malfunction and its

elimination...................99

Appendix P Distances from the top point of the ceiling to the measuring element of the detector..................................... 100

Appendix P Methods for increasing the reliability of a fire signal..................................... 101

Bibliography.........................102

BOOK OF RULES

Fire protection systems

AUTOMATIC FIRE ALARM AND FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

Design standards and rules

Systems of fire protection.

Automatic fire-extinguishing and alarm systems. Designing and regulations.

Date of introduction 2009—05—01

1 Application area

1.1 This set of rules was developed in accordance with Articles 42, 45, 46, 54, 83, 84, 91, 103, 104, 111-116 of the Federal Law of July 22, 2008 No. 123-FZ “Technical Regulations on Fire Safety Requirements” , is a regulatory document on fire safety in the field of standardization of voluntary use and establishes norms and rules for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

1.2 This set of rules applies to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems for buildings and structures for various purposes, including those built in areas with special climatic and natural conditions. The need to use fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems is determined in accordance with Appendix A, standards, codes of practice and other documents approved in the prescribed manner.

1.3 This set of rules does not apply to the design of automatic fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems:

Buildings and structures designed according to special standards,

Technological installations located outside buildings,

Warehouse buildings with mobile shelving,

Warehouse buildings for storing products in aerosol packaging,

Warehouse buildings with a cargo storage height of more than 5.5 m.

1.4 This set of rules does not apply to the design of fire extinguishing installations for extinguishing class D fires (according to GOST 27331), as well as chemically active substances and materials, including:

Reacting with a fire extinguishing agent with an explosion (organoaluminum compounds, alkali metals),

Decomposes when interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with the release of flammable gases (organolithium compounds, lead azide, aluminum, zinc, magnesium hydrides),

Interacting with a fire extinguishing agent with a strong exothermic effect (sulfuric acid, titanium chloride, thermite),

Spontaneously combustible substances (sodium hydrosulfite, etc.).

1.5 This set of rules can be used in the development of special technical specifications for the design of automatic fire extinguishing and alarm systems.

Official publication

This code of practice uses normative references to the following standards:

GOST R 50588-93 Foaming agents for extinguishing fires. General technical requirements and test methods

GOST R 50680-94 Automatic water fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 50800-95 Automatic foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 50969-96 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51043—2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Sprinklers. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51046—97 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. Types and main parameters

GOST R 51049—2008 Fire fighting equipment. Firefighting pressure hoses. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51052—2002 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Control nodes. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51057—2001 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers are portable. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST 51091—97 Automatic powder fire extinguishing installations. Types and main parameters

GOST R 51115-97 Fire fighting equipment. Combined fire monitor trunks. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51737—2001 Automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. Detachable pipeline couplings. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 51844—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire cabinets. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53278—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire shut-off valves. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53279—2009 Connecting heads for fire-fighting equipment. Types, main parameters and sizes

GOST R 53280.3 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part 3. Gas extinguishing agents. Test methods

GOST R 53280.4—2009 Automatic fire extinguishing installations. Fire extinguishing agents. Part 4. General purpose fire extinguishing powders. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53281—2009 Automatic gas fire extinguishing installations. Modules and batteries. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53284—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishing aerosol generators. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53315—2009 Cable products. Fire safety requirements. Test methods GOST R 53325—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fire automatic equipment. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53331—2009 Fire fighting equipment. Fireman's trunks are manual. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST R 53329—2009 Robotic water and foam fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements. Test methods

GOST 2.601—95 ESKD Operational documents

GOST 9.032—74 ESZKS Paint and varnish coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations GOST 12.0.001—82 SSBT Basic provisions

GOST 12.0.004—90 SSBT Organization of occupational safety training. General provisions GOST 12.1.004-91 Fire safety. General requirements

GOST 12.1.005—88 SSBT General sanitary and hygienic requirements for air working area GOST 12.1.019—79 SSBT Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection

GOST 12.1.030—81 SSBT Electrical safety. Protective grounding, grounding GOST 12.1.033-81 SSBT Fire safety. Terms and definitions GOST 12.1.044-89 SSBT Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials. Nomenclature of indicators and methods for their determination

GOST 12.2.003—91 SSBT Production equipment. General safety requirements. GOST 12.2.007.0—75 SSBT Electrical products. General safety requirements GOST 12.2.047—86 SSBT Fire equipment. Terms and definitions

GOST 12.2.072—98 Industrial robots. Robotic technological complexes. Safety requirements and test methods

GOST 12.3.046—91 SSBT Automatic fire extinguishing installations. General technical requirements

GOST 12.4.009—83 SSBT Fire equipment for the protection of objects. Main views, accommodation and service

GOST R 12.4.026—2001 SSBT Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of use. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods

GOST 3262—75 Steel water-gas pipes. Specifications GOST 8732—78 Hot-deformed seamless steel pipes. Assortment GOST 8734-75 Seamless cold-deformed steel pipes. Assortment GOST 10704-91 Electric-welded straight-seam steel pipes. Assortment GOST 14202-69 Pipelines for industrial enterprises. Identification markings, warning signs and markings

GOST 14254-96 Degrees of protection provided by shells

GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Designs for various climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding exposure climatic factors external environment

GOST 21130-75 Electrical products. Grounding clamps and grounding signs. Design and dimensions

GOST 23511—79 Industrial radio interference from electrical devices, operated in residential buildings or connected to them electrical networks. Standards and measurement methods GOST 27331-87 Fire equipment. Fire classification

GOST 28130-89 Fire fighting equipment. Fire extinguishers, fire extinguishing and fire alarm systems. Conventional graphic symbols

GOST 28338-89* Pipeline connections and fittings. The passages are conditional (nominal dimensions). Rows

Note - When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of reference standards, sets of rules and classifiers in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annually published information index "National Standards", which is published on as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in this year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

In this set of rules, the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:

3.1 automatic start of a fire extinguishing installation: Start of the installation from its technical means without human intervention.

3.2 automatic fire extinguishing installation (AUP): A fire extinguishing installation that is automatically activated when the controlled fire factor(s) exceeds the established threshold values ​​in the protected area.

Standard questions and answers for SP5.13130.2009 “Fire protection systems. Fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations are automatic. Design norms and rules"

Section 8

Question: The use of liquid nitrogen for extinguishing, including extinguishing peat fires.

Answer: Liquid (cryogenic) nitrogen is used for extinguishing using special installations. In installations, liquid nitrogen is stored in an isothermal tank at cryogenic temperature (minus 195 ºС) and during extinguishing it is supplied to the room at gaseous state. A gas (nitrogen) fire extinguishing vehicle AGT-4000 with a 4-ton supply of liquid nitrogen has been developed. Liquid nitrogen is supplied in two modes (through a monitor barrel and through a manual barrel). This vehicle allows you to extinguish fires in rooms with a volume of up to 7000 m3 at chemical, fuel and energy industry facilities and other fire-hazardous facilities.

A stationary gas (liquid nitrogen) fire extinguishing installation “Krioust-5000” has been developed, intended for fire protection of premises with a volume of 2500 to 10000 m3. The design of the installation allows nitrogen to be supplied to the room in the form of gas at a stable temperature from minus 150 to plus 20 ºС.

Using liquid nitrogen to extinguish peat fires is challenging. The difficulty is that liquid nitrogen must be supplied through cryogenic pipelines at a relatively long distance. From an economic point of view this method extinguishing is an expensive technological process and because of this it cannot be used.

Question: Application of GOTV freon 114B2.

Answer: According to International documents on the protection of the Earth's ozone layer (Montreal Protocol on substances that deplete the Earth's ozone layer and a number of amendments to it) and Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1000 of December 19, 2000 “On clarifying the deadline for the implementation of measures of state regulation of the production of ozone-depleting substances in the Russian Federation” issue freon 114B2 has been discontinued.

In pursuance of International Agreements and Decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation, the use of freon 114B2 in newly designed installations and installations whose service life has expired is considered inappropriate.

As an exception, the use of freon 114B2 in AUGP is intended for fire protection of particularly important (unique) facilities, with the permission of the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.

For fire protection of objects with electronic equipment (telephone exchanges, server rooms, etc.), ozone-non-depleting refrigerants 125 (C2 F5H) and 227 ea (C3F7H) are used.

Question: About the use of gas fire extinguishing agents.

Answer: Volumetric gas fire extinguishing systems are used for fire protection of objects with electronics (telephone nodes, server rooms, etc.), technological rooms of gas pumping stations, rooms with flammable liquids, storage facilities of museums and libraries using automatic modular and centralized installations.

Gas fire extinguishing agents are used in the absence of people or after their evacuation. The installations must ensure a delay in the release of the gas extinguishing agent into the protected premises during automatic and manual remote start for the time necessary to evacuate people from the premises, but not less than 10 seconds from the moment the evacuation warning devices are turned on in the premises.

pp. 12.1, 12.2
Question: What is the procedure for the duty personnel to act on signals from fire automatic equipment and where is it stated?

Answer: In accordance with the Decree of the GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION dated April 25, 2012 N 390 On the fire safety regime (as amended on December 24, 2018) section XVIII. Requirements for instructions on fire safety measures in the premises of duty personnel must include instructions that outline the procedure for employees to act in various situations, including in case of fire. Personal liability is established in job descriptions to the staff.

In accordance with SP5.13130.2009, clause 12.2.1, in a fire station or other room with personnel on round-the-clock duty, provision must be made for the transmission of all installed signals about the operation of the fire automatic system, including a light alarm about disabling the automatic start with decoding in directions (zones) to make decisions on the actions of the duty personnel.

For example, in the event of a failure of the technical means of the system, restoration must be carried out within a time, the definition of which is given in Appendix O, depending on the level of danger of the protected object. Personnel actions are carried out taking into account safety requirements.

The actions of the personnel include unconditionally ensuring the safety of people when using installations and substances that can cause damage to the health and life of people, as well as ensuring the normal operation of fire extinguishing installations.

In accordance with the set of rules SP5.13130.2009 clause 12.2.1, devices for disabling and restoring the automatic start-up mode of installations can be placed:
a) in the premises of a duty post or other premises with personnel on duty around the clock;
b) at the entrances to protected premises if there is protection against unauthorized access.

This provision provides for the personal liability of designated responsible persons in the event of exposure to fire and fire fighting substances to people.

Instructions on personnel actions should take into account the permanent, temporary presence of people in the protected premises or their absence, the ratio of preparation times for the supply of GFFS, supply delays and inertia of the installation, the number of entrances, and the nature of the work carried out in the protection room.

pp. 13.1, 13.2
Question: How is the need for “dedicated fire detection zones” determined?

Answer: In some cases, premises, depending on the location and properties of circulating combustible materials, should be divided into separate “dedicated” zones.

This is due, first of all, to the fact that the dynamics of fire development and its consequences in different zones can vary greatly. Technical detection means and their placement must ensure the detection of a fire in the area in the time necessary to complete the target task.

Significant differences in different areas of the room may include interference similar to fire factors, and other influences that can cause false alarms of fire detectors. The choice of technical means of detection should be made taking into account resistance to such influences.

In addition, when organizing “dedicated detection zones,” one can proceed from the predominant probability of fire in such areas of the room.

Section 13, 14, paragraphs. 13.3.2, 13.3.3, 14.1-14.3
Question: The number and parameters of point fire detectors installed in the room, and the distance between them.

Answer: The number of point fire detectors installed in a room is determined by the need to solve two main problems: ensuring high reliability of the fire alarm system and high reliability of the fire signal (low probability of generating a false alarm signal).

First of all, it is necessary to identify the functions performed by the fire alarm system, namely, whether fire protection systems (fire extinguishing, warning, smoke removal, etc.) are triggered by a signal from fire detectors, or whether the system only provides fire alarm in the premises of duty personnel .

If the function of the system is only fire alarm, then it can be assumed that negative consequences when generating a false alarm signal are insignificant. Based on this premise, in rooms whose area does not exceed the area protected by one detector (according to Tables 13.3, 13.5), in order to increase the reliability of the system, two detectors are installed, connected according to the logical “OR” circuit (a fire signal is generated when any one of them is triggered). two installed detectors). In this case, if one of the detectors fails uncontrollably, the second one will perform the fire detection function. If the detector is capable of testing itself and transmitting information about its malfunction to the control panel (satisfies the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c)), then one detector can be installed in the room. In large rooms, detectors are installed at a standard distance.

Similarly, for flame detectors, each point of the protected premises must be controlled by two detectors connected according to the logical “OR” circuit (in paragraph 13.8.3, a technical error was made during publication, therefore, instead of “according to the logical circuit “AND”” one should read “by logical circuit "OR""), or one detector that meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c).

If it is necessary to generate a control signal for a fire protection system, then during design the design organization must determine whether this signal will be generated from one detector, which is acceptable for the systems listed in clause 14.2, or whether the signal will be generated according to clause 14.1, i.e. e. when two detectors are triggered (logical “AND” circuit).

The use of a logical “AND” circuit makes it possible to increase the reliability of the formation of a fire signal, since a false alarm of one detector will not cause the formation of a control signal. This algorithm is required to control type 5 fire extinguishing and warning systems. To control other systems, you can get by with an alarm signal from one detector, but only if the false activation of these systems does not lead to a decrease in the level of human safety and/or unacceptable material losses. The rationale for such a decision must be reflected in explanatory note to the project. In this case, it is necessary to apply technical solutions to increase the reliability of the formation of a fire signal. Such solutions may include the use of so-called “smart” detectors that provide analysis physical characteristics fire factors and (or) the dynamics of their change, providing information about their critical state (dustiness, contamination), using the function of re-querying the status of detectors, taking measures to eliminate (reduce) the impact on the detector of factors similar to fire factors and that can cause a false alarm.

If during the design it was decided to generate control signals for fire protection systems from one detector, then the requirements for the number and placement of detectors coincide with the above requirements for systems that perform only the alarm function. The requirements of clause 14.3 do not apply.

If the fire protection system control signal is generated from two detectors, switched on in accordance with clause 14.1, according to the “AND” logic circuit, then the requirements of clause 14.3 come into force. The need to increase the number of detectors to three, or even four, in rooms with a smaller area controlled by one detector follows from ensuring high reliability of the system in order to maintain its functionality in case of uncontrolled failure of one detector. When using detectors with a self-testing function and transmitting information about their malfunction to the control panel (meets the requirements of clause 13.3.3 b), c)), two detectors can be installed in the room, necessary to implement the “I” function, but on the condition that the operability of the system is maintained by timely replacement of a failed detector.

In large rooms, in order to save the time of formation of a fire signal from two detectors, connected according to the logical “AND” circuit, the detectors are installed at a distance of no more than half the standard one, so that the fire factors reach and trigger the two detectors in a timely manner. This requirement applies to detectors located along the walls, and to detectors along one of the axes of the ceiling (at the choice of the designer). The distance between the detectors and the wall remains standard.

Appendix A
Question: Please clarify whether a one-story warehouse building of IV degree of fire resistance category B is subject to the equipment of AUPT and AUPS fire danger.

Answer: According to Table A.1 of Appendix A one-story buildings warehouse purposes of category B in terms of fire danger with a height of less than 30 m without storage on racks with a height of 5.5 m or more are generally not subject to protection by AUPT and AUPS.

At the same time, the premises that are part of the warehouse building should be equipped with an automated fire control system and automatic fire control system in accordance with the requirements of Table A.3 of Appendix A, depending on their area and category of explosion and fire hazard.

At the same time, according to clause A.5 of Appendix A, if the area of ​​​​the premises to be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system is 40% or more of total area floors of the building, it is necessary to provide for the equipment of the building as a whole AUPT, with the exception of the premises listed in clause A.4 of Appendix A.

Question: Is it necessary to equip an attic with an automatic fire alarm system in a public building?

Answer: According to the institute’s specialists, based on the requirements of clause A.4 and clause 9 of Table A.1 of Appendix A SP5.13130.2009, the attic in a public building is subject to protection by AUPS.

Appendix R
Question: What measures should be mandatory when implementing the recommendations of Appendix R.

Answer: Ensuring minimal probability of false generation of control signal automatic systems fire protection is one of the important tasks fire automatic systems. This probability is inextricably linked with the probability of a false fire signal being generated by a fire detector (FD) and a control panel (PPKP).

One of these technical solutions is the use of equipment (PI, PPKP), which makes it possible to analyze not only absolute values controlled parameters environment, but also the dynamics of their change. Even more effective is the use of PIs that track the relationship between two or more environmental parameters that change during a fire.

A common cause of false alarms is dust in the smoke chamber of optical-electronic smoke detectors, contamination of the optics in flame detectors and linear smoke detectors, and malfunction of electronic circuits etc. The presence of PI functions to monitor its technical condition and transmit information about a malfunction (dust, contamination) to the control panel allows facility personnel to timely carry out the necessary measures to maintain or replace the PI, thereby preventing false alarms. Identification of a failed (requiring maintenance) PI must be carried out by indicating a fault signal on the control panel and accompanied either by indicating the PI address or by changing the operating mode of the detector indicator (for a non-addressable PI).

False alarms may be due to the impact of electromagnetic interference on detectors, wires and cables of fire alarm loops. Increased noise immunity can be achieved by using twisted pair or shielded wires. In this case, the shielding elements must be grounded at points with equal potentials to exclude currents in the shielding braids. It is advisable to lay wires and place the PI and PPKP at a distance from sources of electromagnetic interference.

An important role in reducing the probability of false alarms is played by design decisions that determine the location of PIs, as well as the requirements for their maintenance. Thus, when using flame detectors, it is important to correctly select both the type of PI and their location in order to eliminate the impact of “glare” and background light, leading to false alarms of these detectors. Reducing the likelihood of false alarms of smoke detectors due to exposure to dust can be achieved by more frequent cleaning (blowing) during maintenance.

The choice of certain options for protection against false alarms is determined during the design depending on the fire danger of the facility, operating conditions and tasks solved using fire automatic systems.

CHANGE N 1
to the set of rules SP 5.13130.2009 "Fire protection systems. Automatic fire alarm and fire extinguishing installations. Design standards and rules"

OKS 13.220.10

Date of introduction 2011-06-20

APPROVED AND PUT INTO EFFECT by order of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia dated 06/01/2011 N 274 from June 20, 2011.

1) In section 3:

clause 3.99

"3.99 sprinkler-drencher AUP (AUP-SD): Sprinkler AUP, in which a deluge control unit and technical means its activation, and the supply of fire extinguishing agent to the protected area is carried out only when the sprinkler sprinkler and technical means of activating the control unit are activated according to the logical “AND” circuit.”;

add paragraphs 3.121-3.125 with the following content:

"3.121 fire automatic system: Equipment connected by connecting lines and operating according to a given algorithm in order to perform tasks to ensure fire safety at the facility.

3.122 air compensator: A fixed orifice device designed to minimize the likelihood of false alarm valve activations caused by air leaks in the supply and/or distribution piping of air sprinkler AUPs.

3.123 irrigation intensity: The volume of fire extinguishing liquid (water, aqueous solution (including an aqueous solution of foaming agent, other fire extinguishing liquids) per unit area per unit time.

3.124 minimum area irrigated by AUP: The minimum value of the normative or design part of the total protected area subject to simultaneous spraying with fire extinguishing liquid when all sprinklers located on this part of the total protected area are activated.

3.125 thermally activated microencapsulated OTV (Terma-OTV): A substance (fire extinguishing liquid or gas) contained in the form of microinclusions (microcapsules) in solid, plastic or bulk materials, released when the temperature rises to a certain (set) value."

2) Clause 4.2 of Section 4 should be stated as follows:

"4.2 Automatic installations (with the exception of autonomous ones) must simultaneously perform the function of a fire alarm."

3) In section 5:

in the notes to table 5.1 of paragraph 5.1.4:

paragraph 4 should be stated as follows:

"4 If the actual protected area is less than the minimum area irrigated by the AUP specified in Table 5.3, then the actual flow rate can be reduced by a factor.";

add paragraphs 7-9 as follows, respectively:

"7 The duration of operation of foam AUP with low and medium expansion foam for the surface fire extinguishing method should be taken: 10 minutes - for premises of categories B2 and B3 for fire hazard; 15 minutes - for premises of categories A, B and B1 for explosion and fire hazard ; 25 min. - for premises of group 7.

8 For deluge AUPs, it is allowed to arrange sprinklers with distances between them greater than those given in Table 5.1 for sprinkler sprinklers, provided that when placing deluge sprinklers, standard values irrigation intensity of the entire protected area and decision made does not contradict the requirements of technical documentation for this type irrigators.

9 The distance between sprinklers under a sloped roof should be taken along a horizontal plane.";

clause 5.4.4 deleted;

clause 5.8.8

“In sprinkler water-filled and air-filled automatic control systems, installation of a shut-off device behind the signal valve is allowed, provided that automatic control of the state of the shut-off device (“Closed” - “Open”) is ensured with the output of a signal to a room with constant presence of duty personnel.”;

clause 5.9.25 shall be supplemented with the following paragraph:

"The design and reserve volumes of the foaming agent may be contained in one vessel."

4) table 8.1 of clause 8.3 of section 8 should be stated as follows:

"Table 8.1

Liquefied gases	Compressed gases
Carbon dioxide ()
Freon 23 ()	Argon()
Freon 125 () Freon 218 () Freon 227ea ()	nitrogen () - 52% (vol.) argon () - 40% (vol.) carbon dioxide () - 8% (vol.)
Freon 318C () Sulfur hexafluoride ()	nitrogen () - 50% (vol.) argon () - 50% (vol.)
Freon TFM-18I: freon 23 () - 90% (wt.) methyl iodide () - 10% (mass.)
Freon FK-5-1-12 ()
Freon 217J1 ()
Freon

5) In section 11:

clause 11.1 should be stated as follows:

"11.1 Autonomous fire extinguishing installations are divided by type of fire extinguishing agent (FME) into liquid, foam, gas, powder, aerosol, fire extinguishing installations with Terma-OTV and combined.";

clauses 11.3, 11.4

"11.3 The design of autonomous installations is carried out in accordance with the design guidelines developed by the design organization to protect standard facilities.

11.4 The requirements for the stock of fire extinguishing agents for an autonomous fire extinguishing installation must comply with the requirements for the stock of fire extinguishing agents for an automatic fire extinguishing installation of a modular type, with the exception of autonomous installations with thermally activated microencapsulated fire extinguishing agents.";

add clause 11.6 with the following content:

"11.6 Self-contained fire extinguishing installations are recommended to be used to protect electrical equipment in accordance with the technical characteristics of the electrical equipment.".

6) In section 13:

clause 13.1.11 should be stated as follows:

"13.1.11 Fire detectors should be used in accordance with the requirements of this set of rules, other regulatory documents on fire safety, as well as technical documentation for specific types of detectors.

The design of detectors must ensure their safety in relation to the external environment in accordance with the requirements.

The type and parameters of detectors must ensure their resistance to the effects of climatic, mechanical, electromagnetic, optical, radiation and other environmental factors at the locations of the detectors.";

clause 13.2.2 should be stated as follows:

"13.2.2 The maximum number and area of ​​premises protected by one address line with addressable fire detectors or addressable devices is determined by the technical capabilities of the control and monitoring equipment, the technical characteristics of the detectors included in the line and does not depend on the location of the premises in the building.

Addressable fire alarm loops together with addressable fire detectors can include addressable input/output devices, addressable control modules for addressless loops with addressable fire detectors included in them, short-circuit separators, and addressable actuators. The possibility of including addressable devices in an addressable loop and their number are determined by the technical characteristics of the equipment used, given in the manufacturer’s technical documentation.

Addressable security detectors or addressless security detectors through addressable devices can be included in the address lines of control panels, provided that the necessary algorithms for the operation of fire and security systems are provided.";

clause 13.3.6 shall be stated as follows:

"13.3.6 The placement of point heat and smoke fire detectors should be made taking into account the air flows in the protected room caused by supply and/or exhaust ventilation, and the distance from the detector to the ventilation opening should be at least 1 m. In the case of using aspiration fire detectors the distance from the air intake pipe with holes to the ventilation hole is regulated by the amount of permissible air flow for a given type of detector in accordance with the technical documentation for the detector.

The horizontal and vertical distance from the detectors to nearby objects and devices, to electric lamps, in any case must be at least 0.5 m. Fire detectors must be placed in such a way that nearby objects and devices (pipes, air ducts, equipment, etc.) prevented the impact of fire factors on the detectors, and sources of light radiation and electromagnetic interference did not affect the preservation of the detector's functionality.";

clause 13.3.8 shall be stated as follows:

"13.3.8 Point smoke and heat fire detectors should be installed in each ceiling compartment with a width of 0.75 m or more, limited by building structures (beams, purlins, slab ribs, etc.) protruding from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m.

If building structures protrude from the ceiling at a distance of more than 0.4 m, and the width of the compartments they form is less than 0.75 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 40%.

If there are protruding parts on the ceiling from 0.08 to 0.4 m, the area controlled by fire detectors, indicated in tables 13.3 and 13.5, is reduced by 25%.

The maximum distance between detectors along linear beams is determined according to tables 13.3 and 13.5, taking into account clause 13.3.10.";

clause 13.15.9 shall be stated as follows:

"13.15.9 Connecting lines made with telephone and control cables that meet the requirements of clause 13.15.7 must have a reserve supply of cable cores and junction box terminals of at least 10%.";

Paragraph one of clause 13.15.14 shall be stated as follows:

"13.15.14 It is not allowed to lay fire alarm lines and connecting lines fire automatic systems with voltage up to 60 V with lines with voltage of 110 V or more in one box, pipe, harness, closed channel building structure or on one tray.";

Paragraph one of clause 13.15.15 shall be stated as follows:

"13.15.15 In case of parallel open installation, the distance from wires and cables of fire automatic systems with voltage up to 60 V to power and lighting cables must be at least 0.5 m."

7) In section 14:

clause 14.2 shall be stated as follows:

"14.2 Generating control signals for type 1, 2, 3, 4 warning systems, smoke protection equipment, general ventilation and air conditioning, engineering equipment involved in ensuring the fire safety of the facility, as well as generating commands to turn off the power supply to consumers interlocked with the systems fire automatics, is allowed to be carried out when one fire detector is triggered, meeting the recommendations set out in Appendix P. In this case, at least two detectors are installed in the room (part of the room), connected according to the logical “OR” circuit. The placement of detectors is carried out at a distance of no more than the standard one. .

When using detectors that additionally meet the requirements of clause 13.3.3 a), b), c), one fire detector may be installed in a room (part of a room).

Clauses 14.4, 14.5 shall be amended as follows, respectively:

"14.4 In a room with round-the-clock presence of on-duty personnel, notifications about the malfunction of monitoring and control devices installed outside this room, as well as communication lines, monitoring and control of technical means of warning people in case of fire and evacuation control, smoke protection, automatic fire extinguishing and other fire protection installations and devices.

The design documentation must identify the recipient of the fire notification to ensure that the tasks in accordance with Section 17 are completed.

On class objects functional hazard F 1.1 and F 4.1, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode without the participation of facility personnel and any organizations broadcasting these signals. It is recommended to use technical means with resistance to electromagnetic interference of at least the 3rd degree of severity according to GOST R 53325-2009.

If there are no personnel on site on duty 24/7, fire notifications must be transmitted to fire departments via a duly designated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.

At other facilities, if technically possible, it is recommended to duplicate automatic fire alarm signals about fire to fire departments via a duly allocated radio channel or other communication lines in automatic mode.

At the same time, measures must be taken to increase the reliability of fire notifications, for example, the transmission of “Attention”, “Fire” notifications, etc.

14.5 It is recommended that the smoke ventilation system be started from smoke or gas fire detectors, including if a fire extinguishing sprinkler system is used at the facility.

The smoke ventilation system should be started from fire detectors:

if the response time of the automatic fire sprinkler installation is longer than the time required to activate the smoke ventilation system and ensure safe evacuation;

If fire extinguishing agent(water) water sprinkler installation makes it difficult to evacuate people.

In other cases, smoke ventilation systems may be switched on from a fire extinguishing sprinkler installation."

8) Clause 15.1 of Section 15 should be stated as follows:

"15.1 In terms of the degree of reliability of power supply, fire protection systems should be classified as Category I in accordance with the Electrical Installation Rules, with the exception of compressor electric motors, drainage and foam pumps, which belong to Category III of power supply, as well as the cases specified in paragraphs 15.3, 15.4 .

The power supply to fire protection systems for buildings of functional fire hazard class F1.1 with round-the-clock occupancy should be provided from three independent, mutually redundant power sources, one of which should be autonomous electric generators."

9) In Appendix A:

paragraph A.2 should be stated as follows:

"A.2 In this annex, a building means a building as a whole or a part of a building (fire compartment), separated by fire walls and fireproof ceilings 1st type.

The standard indicator of room area in Section III of this appendix means the area of ​​part of a building or structure allocated by enclosing structures classified as fire barriers with a fire resistance limit: partitions - not less than EI 45, walls and ceilings - not less than REI 45. For buildings and structures, in which there are no parts (premises) allocated by enclosing structures with the specified fire resistance limit, the standard indicator of room area in Section III of this Appendix is ​​understood as the area allocated by the external enclosing structures of a building or structure.";

in table A.1:

paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 shall be stated as follows, respectively:

	Object of protection
		Standard indicator
	4 Buildings and structures for cars:
	4.1 Closed parking lots
	4.1.1 Underground, above-ground 2 floors or more
	4.1.2 Above-ground single-story
	4.1.2.1 Buildings of I, II, III degrees of fire resistance	With a total area of ​​7000 m or more	With a total area of ​​less than 7000 m
	4.1.2.2 Buildings of IV fire resistance class, structural fire hazard class C0	With a total area of ​​3600 m or more	With a total area of ​​less than 3600 m
	4.1.2.3 Buildings of IV fire resistance class, structural fire hazard class C1	With a total area of ​​2000 m or more	With a total area of ​​less than 2000 m
	4.1.2.4 Buildings of IV degree of fire resistance, structural fire hazard class C2, C3	With a total area of ​​1000 m or more	With a total area of ​​less than 1000 m
	4.1.3 Mechanical parking buildings	Regardless of area and number of floors
	4.2 For maintenance and repair
	5 Buildings with a height of more than 30 m (except for residential buildings and industrial buildings of categories G and D for fire hazard)	Regardless of area
	6 Residential buildings:
	6.1 Dormitories, specialized residential buildings for the elderly and disabled		Regardless of area
	6.2 Residential buildings with a height of more than 28 m		Regardless of area

the footnote "" should be worded as follows:

"AUPS fire detectors are installed in the hallways of apartments and are used to open valves and turn on fans of air pressurization and smoke removal installations. Residential premises of apartments in residential buildings with a height of three floors or more should be equipped with autonomous optical-electronic smoke detectors.";

in table A.3:

paragraph 6 should be included in section " Production premises", excluding it from the section "Warehouse premises";

paragraph 35 should be stated as follows:

	Object of protection
		Standard indicator
	35 Accommodation premises:
	35.1 Electronic computers (computers), automated process control systems equipment, operating in complex control systems technological processes, the violation of which affects the safety of people	Regardless of area
	35.2 Communication processors (server), archives of magnetic media, plotters, printing information on paper (printer)	24 m or more	Less than 24 m
	35.3 To place personal computers on user desktops		Regardless of area

" In the cases provided for in paragraph 8.15.1 of this set of rules, for premises requiring automatic gas fire extinguishing installations, it is allowed not to use such installations, provided that all electronic and electrical equipment is protected stand-alone installations fire extinguishing systems, and automatic fire alarms are installed in the premises.";

in table A.4:

add paragraph 8 with the following content:

	Object of protection
		Standard indicator
	8 Electrical panels and electrical cabinets (including switchgears) located in premises of functional fire hazard class F1.1

add a footnote "" with the following content:

“The listed equipment is subject to protection by autonomous fire extinguishing installations.”;

add the following note:

"Note: Electrical installations located on stationary above-ground and underground metro facilities should be protected by autonomous fire extinguishing installations.";

Appendix D should be supplemented with paragraphs D11-D15 with the following content, respectively:

"D.11 Standard volumetric fire extinguishing concentration of TFM-18I freon. The vapor density at 101.3 kPa and 20 °C is 3.24 kg/m.


Table D.11