Essay “Rocking human shortcomings in Krylov’s fables. Essay “Condemnation of human vices in Krylov’s fables”

Ivan Andreevich Krylov is a great Russian fabulist of the 19th century. V. A. Zhukovsky said that the style of Krylov’s fables is pure and pleasant, it “is elevated in the majestic description, it touches you simple image tender feeling, then amuses with a funny expression or turn of phrase.” In writing fables, Krylov followed classical traditions. N.V. Gogol believed that Krylov’s fables are “the property of the people and constitute the book of wisdom of the people themselves.” Krylov's fables reflected the life and customs of the people, their worldly experience, folk wisdom, the Russian spirit and character, the mindset of the Russian mind and the picturesqueness of Russian speech.

In his fables, Krylov raised a lot current issues: denounced the injustice of the prevailing state system, sought to awaken the self-awareness of the people, spoke about the moral superiority of the masses. Boldly and decisively, the fabulist showed the contradictions and clashes between the strong and the weak, between the rich and the poor, powerful rulers and powerless people. Krylov directed the edge of his satire against predators who are “rich either in claw or tooth”, against lions, tigers, greedy wolves, cunning foxes, meaning under the guise of these animals robbers of nobles, corrupt officials, bribe-taking judges:

* Everyone knows that Klimych is dishonest;
* They read about bribes to Klimych...

Krylov paid a lot of attention to the topic of violence and oppression of the weak. In the fable “The Sea of Beasts” there is a whole group of repentant rapists. Animals grab prey according to order:

* what the great Leo can do, the Wolf and the Fox can’t (“Lion on the hunt”),
* what is allowed to the Eagle is not available to Voronenok (“Voronenok”).

Krylov's satire is also directed against bribery, robbery and crimes in the service. In the fable “The Elephant in the Voivodeship,” Voivode Elephant allows the wolves to “take the skin off the sheep,” in “The Fish Dance”

* Lisanka village in the voivodeship,
* The fox has noticeably gained weight.

In the fable “The Bear with the Bees,” the Bear was appointed overseer of the bees and, of course, dragged all the honey into his den. In the fable, “The Fox the Builder,” the Fox was tasked with building a chicken coop, and she made herself a loophole and little by little moved the chickens out of there. Funny and sad!

Krylov exposes the corrupt court, which patronized lawbreakers and acquitted the powerful and rich. In the fable “The Peasant and the Sheep,” the peasant turns to Judge Fox with a complaint about the Sheep, who was in the yard when the chickens disappeared. All the neighboring witnesses said that the Sheep “slept all night”, they did not notice “neither theft nor cheating”, she “does not eat meat at all”, and Judge Fox, without taking anything into account, pronounces the sentence:

* Do not accept any reason from the Sheep,
* To bury the ends as soon as possible
* All rogues, vedojo, are skillful.
* And as a result, execute the Sheep...

In Krylov's fables, nepotism and bribery of officials who received positions under patronage are ridiculed. In the fable “The Elephant in the Case,” the trickster Fox falls into favor with the highest ranks because he knows how to twirl his fluffy tail. The Donkey, flapping his long ears, tells the Elephant that without his long ears he would not have fallen into favor.” The fable “The Stream” says: about the mighty of this world oppressing the people. And in “The Wolf and the Lamb” “with the strong, the powerless is always to blame.

The Krylov people were personified in the images of peaceful animals, often in real human characters. The poet's sympathies are on the side of the people. Krylov always emphasized the right of the people to freedom and labor (“Eagle and Mole”, “Lion and Mosquito”, “Fly and Bee”, “Dog and Horse”, “Waterfall and Stream”). In the fables of the everyday cycle, Krylov ridicules human vices, weaknesses and shortcomings, teaches worldly wisdom, honesty, selflessness, and respect for human dignity. The fable “The Cuckoo and the Rooster” makes fun of servility and sycophancy, “Two Barrels”, “Ant”, “Elephant and Pug” - boasting, “Mice” - cowardice, “Wolf and Crane” - evil ingratitude, “Falsehood” - hypocrisy, “ Liar" and "Curious" - lies, "Pig: under the Oak", "Rooster and the Pearl Grain", "Monkey and Glasses" - ignorance. Behind the relationships of animals were hidden the relationships of people, and the actions of animals and birds were human actions.

Nationality, realism and high artistry are the main advantages of Krylov’s fables, who always strived to write for the people. “This genre is understandable to everyone, servants and children read it,” Krylov said about fables.

Ivan Andreevich Krylov was an extremely talented person: he was fond of mathematics and foreign languages, poetry and music, wrote plays and published magazines.

However, his fables brought him the greatest recognition and fame. Krylov earned the fame of the great Russian fabulist during his lifetime. When Ivan Andreevich was asked why he writes fables, he answered: “Fables are understandable to everyone.” Thus, Krylov’s fables are known to everyone and understandable to everyone. Who among us has not read his beautiful fables, or been surprised by his quick-witted, witty, intelligent statements, many of which have become aphorisms?

Each of his fables plays out like a living scene from life. In his fables, the poet ridiculed all kinds of human vices: laziness, envy, stupidity, idleness, boastfulness, cruelty, stinginess. Here, for example, is the fable “Trishka’s retinue,” in which the author subjected a crushing criticism to a person who, having no talent, takes on a task that is beyond her strength, as a result of which only sleeves were left from the retinue.

Each person must do work according to his abilities and calling, proves I. A. Krylov in his fable “Quartet”. Its plot is quite simple: having won musical instruments and the notes, the Monkey, the Donkey, the Goat and the clubfooted Bear decided to eclipse the whole world with their art, but nothing good came of it. And then the monkey said that supposedly they were all sitting wrong, that’s why the music was bad. They changed seats several times, but the quartet did not go well. And then the Nightingale happened to fly past these “musicians”, he explained to them that in order to become a musician, it is necessary to have the appropriate abilities, talent, without which, no matter how they sit down, nothing will work out for them.

To be a musician, you need skill

And your ears are gentler, -

The Nightingale answers them: -

And you, friends, no matter how you sit down,

Everyone is not fit to be musicians.

Krylov knew well the miserable life of the workers, saw the injustice of the laws of that time, which were in force to please the ruling classes, and realistically described the life of that time in his stories.

In the fable “The Wolf and the Lamb,” he poses the important problem of the omnipotence and predatory morals of those in power, as well as the lack of rights of workers.

Little Lamb, frolicking, ran to the river to drink water, where the hungry Wolf saw him and, in order to somehow justify his cruelty, began to give all sorts of ridiculous arguments, but in the end, tired, he declared that the Lamb was to blame for the fact that The wolf wants to eat. Having said this, the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest. This is the whole truth, justice and legitimacy of the ruler.

How much harm do ignoramuses, worthless, uneducated, uncultured people bring to society? It's not hard to imagine. Without understanding anything about science themselves, they also condemn scientists. The poet develops this theme in his fable “The Pig under the Oak.” The pig, having eaten his fill of acorns under the oak tree, settled down to sleep, and when he woke up, he began to undermine the roots under the oak tree. When the raven explained to her that this was harmful for the tree, that it could dry out, the pig replied that, they say, it doesn’t matter at all to her whether the tree dries up or not, so long as there are acorns that make her fat. Likewise, ignorant people deny science, forgetting that they enjoy its fruits.

Tales of Krilov. there are many of them. And each is important, interesting and valuable in its own way. There's a whole world in them. They are distinguished by their brightness, wit, and expressive language. The great fabulist exposes the shortcomings in them that prevent people from living, criticizes not only individual shortcomings of people, but also certain historical events and social phenomena.

Long gone from the world. A. Krylov, but the creations of the great Russian fabulist remain imperishable and are of great value today.

Krylov's fables are an excellent school of observations of life, phenomena, characters. Fables are of interest both because of their dynamic plots and the depiction of the characters of the characters, in particular animals, insects, and birds. Every fable you read causes a person to think.

Reading the fable “Demyan’s Ear”, you understand: the story that the author tells is not at all about specific Demyan and Fok, and not about ear and excessive hospitality. Demyan personifies such traits as obsession, pickiness, importunity, and inability to respect the desires of another person. And the fable also teaches: good intentions do not always have good consequences.

The inability to work together, caring about the common cause, and not about one’s own tastes, is personified by the characters in the fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer.” The last line of this fable - “But only a cart is still there” - became catchphrase. Sometimes these words are used to characterize the state of affairs of a person who is unable to complete what he started. The fable helps to understand: before taking on any business, you need to carefully weigh both your capabilities and the capabilities of your accomplices. Otherwise, what will come out of this case is “only flour.”

Krylov exposes the ignorant and ignorant in his fable “The Monkey and the Glasses.” Some people are very similar to the character in the fable: unable to understand some phenomenon, they deny or prohibit it. Many of the characters in Krylov’s fables seem to have come from folk tales. Their “characters” are well known, but the author creates situations in which their essence is revealed.

The fox is a character in many fairy tales. This image is used when it is necessary to portray cunning or deceit. In the fable “The Crow and the Fox,” it is cunning that helps the Fox get a piece of cheese. But the fable condemns not guile and cunning, but sycophancy and those who believe any words so that only they are pleasant. Krylov's fables expose various flaws in human characters and teach the art of living with dignity.

Common and different aspects of Krylov’s fable “The Wolf and the Lamb” and Aesop’s fable of the same name

It is known that the plots of many fables arose in ancient times, but fabulists different countries use them to write new works.

How a new work arises based on a well-known plot, let's try to explore this using the example of the fables of Aesop and Krylov.

Aesop is a legendary poet who is considered the founder of the fable genre. Aesop's fables are prosaic, narrative, laconic. The main attention is paid to the clash between carriers of certain traits or different life positions. In the fable “The Wolf and the Lamb,” the characters’ personalities are clearly defined: the Lamb represents defenselessness, the Wolf represents strength. The moral that emerges from this is that just defense has no effect on those who intend to do injustice.

Unlike Aesop, Krylov placed the moral of his fable at the beginning, but the development of events in the fable is not perceived as a simple illustration of the moral. In Krylov, the wolf becomes the embodiment of an inexorable evil force, cruelty and self-will, and the development of the plot before our eyes reveals the mechanism of action of this cruel force. Readers become witnesses to everything that happens to the characters.

At the beginning of the fable, the Lamb is not afraid of the Wolf, because he does not harm anyone or violate established rules. The senseless accusations that the Wolf makes are easily refuted by the Lamb. There is a sense of self-worth in Lamb's responses. For a moment, it even seems to readers that the Lamb has driven the Wolf into a dead end, because the predator has no more arguments to accuse. But it does not at all follow from this that after the meeting with the Wolf the Lamb will remain unharmed. Quite the opposite. Each worthy answer from the Lamb annoys the Wolf even more. Finally, the willful predator gets tired of looking for the imaginary guilt of his victim and he shows his essence. The last words of the fable: “He said - and the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest” - at the same time expected and unexpected. The reader knew from the very beginning that this was going to happen, but, watching the development of events, he hoped that the Lamb would eventually prove his innocence.

The fables of Aesop and Krylov have in common the plot, characters and even morality. Aesop's fable is written in prose, and Krylov's in poetry. But, in my opinion, the most important thing that distinguishes these two fables is the reader’s perception of the works. Aesop's fable appeals, so to speak, to the reader's mind. And Krylov’s fable goes to his heart.

The powerful always have the powerless to blame. This expression begins the fable “The Wolf and the Lamb” (1808). The work itself by Ivan Krylov was written based on a traveling plot popular in world literature, to which the most prominent fabulists of the world turned: Aesop,...

Since childhood, we have known Krylov's fables. Clear, easy, wise poems sink into the soul. The moral teaching - and it is necessarily present in the fable - is gradually absorbed, and the power of its influence is enormous. Fables teach to be honest, to love the Fatherland, to work for the good...

The name of the great Russian fabulist Ivan Andreevich Krylov is known throughout the world. The fables of I. A. Krylov, according to N. V. Gogol, are “a genuine book folk wisdom" In his fables, I. A. Krylov ridicules the vices, shortcomings of people, their inherent bad...

The work of I. A. Krylov began in the 18th century, when he published the famous satirical magazines “Mail of Spirits” and “Spectator”, which played important role in the development of Russian democratic literature. At the end of the 18th - beginning of the 19th centuries. he wrote several dramatic...

Asni Krylova is an excellent school of observations of life, phenomena, characters. Fables are of interest both because of their dynamic plots and the depiction of the characters of the characters, in particular animals, insects, and birds. Every fable you read causes a person to think.

Reading the fable “Demyan’s Ear”, you understand: the story that the author tells is not at all about specific Demyan and Foka and not about ear and excessive hospitality. Demyan personifies such traits as obsession, pickiness, importunity, and inability to respect the desires of another person. And the fable also teaches: good intentions do not always have good consequences.

The inability to work together, caring about the common cause, and not about one’s own tastes, is personified by the characters in the fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer”. The last line of this fable - “But only a cart is still there” - became a catchphrase. Sometimes these words are used to characterize the state of affairs of a person who is unable to complete what he started. The fable helps to understand: before taking on any business, you need to carefully weigh both your capabilities and the capabilities of your accomplices. Otherwise, what will come out of this case is “only flour.”

Common and different aspects of Krylov’s fable “The Wolf and the Lamb” and Aesop’s fable of the same name

It is known that the plots of many fables originated in ancient times, but fabulists from different countries use them to write new works.

How a new work arises based on a well-known plot, let's try to explore this using the example of the fables of Aesop and Krylov.

At the beginning of the fable, the Lamb is not afraid of the Wolf, because he does not harm anyone and does not violate the established rules. The senseless accusations that the Wolf makes are easily refuted by the Lamb. There is a sense of self-worth in Lamb's responses. For a moment, it even seems to readers that the Lamb has driven the Wolf into a dead end, because the predator has no more arguments to accuse. But it does not at all follow from this that after the meeting with the Wolf the Lamb will remain unharmed. Quite the opposite. Each worthy answer from the Lamb annoys the Wolf even more. Finally, the willful predator gets tired of looking for the imaginary guilt of his victim and he shows his essence. The last words of the fable: “He said - and the Wolf dragged the Lamb into the dark forest” - at the same time expected and unexpected. The reader knew from the very beginning that this was going to happen, but, watching the development of events, he hoped that the Lamb would eventually prove his innocence.

1 option

1! Know I. L. Krylov is known and loved by adults and children, because they are written in simple, bright, living language, and their meaning is clear to everyone. The favorite technique of the great fabulist is allegory. 11ordinary people hide behind the sight of the mooing, bleating, growling heroes of his works. Emphasizing the merits of some, I. A. Krylov humorously exposes and ridicules the shortcomings of others. Thus, in his fable “The Wolf in the Kennel,” the poet exposes the cowardly, deceitful and hypocritical nature of the toothy predator, exalting the wisdom and worldly experience of the old hunter.

Reading the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale,” we laugh at the pompous words of the Donkey, who advises the feathered master of singing, the Nightingale, to take lessons from the rooster: “You would become more alert if you learned a little from him.”

The sluggish, inactive judges in the fable “The Pike” also evoke the author’s ridicule. The resigned, stupid Donkeys, Goats and old Nags are deftly commanded by the cunning Fox, appointed by the Prosecutor “for proper supervision in the order of business.” She is not new to such matters and skillfully saves the criminal Pike, who “provided a fish table” for her, condemning her to be “both scary and dangerous” to drown her in the river.

Time passes, but today, like two hundred years ago, we encounter ignorance and deceit, stupidity and pride. That is why the fables of I. A. Krylov remain not only close and understandable, but also beloved by readers of different ages.

Option 2

I. A. Krylov is a famous Russian fabulist. In his fables, he ridicules human shortcomings and vices, such as stupidity, anger, deceit, cunning, hypocrisy, boastfulness, and speaks out against lawlessness and injustice. We laugh heartily at the Donkey from the fable “The Donkey and the Nightingale,” who decided to teach the Nightingale the art of singing.

Of course, everyone knows that the Nightingale is a consummate master of his craft, and the Donkey is too far from music to act as a judge on this matter. It is no coincidence that he considers the loud-mouthed rooster to be the standard of singing art. But, unfortunately, in real life We often meet people who try to judge something about which they understand absolutely nothing.

No less revealing is the fable “Pike”, in which Krylov denounces nepotism and bribery, and the unprincipledness of the powers that be. Thus, the Fox-prosecutor, to whom the robber Pike “supplied the fish table,” suggests that the judges drown the culprit in the river as a “shameful execution,” to which they agree.

But, fortunately, in the end, there is a tamer for any villain, like the Wolf, who wanted to get into the sheepfold, but ended up in the kennel, where the hunter dealt with him.

I. A. Krylov's fables captivate the reader with their wisdom and subtle understanding of human essence, helping him to become better, purer, kinder.

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