Below we list the pros and cons of using the technology of building houses from SIP panels.

Advantages:

• due to the high heat-saving characteristics of enclosing structures.
• More usable area- due to the small thickness of the walls, you can get 15-20% more usable area.
• Accelerated installation of the box at home (1-2 weeks).
• There is no need to construct an expensive foundation (for example, one installed in 1 day is sufficient).
• Saving on heavy lifting equipment can significantly reduce construction costs.
• You can build houses all year round- they do not shrink, so you can start immediately after assembly finishing work.
• The assembly technology is simple, you can even build a house from a SIP panel with your own hands - anyone who follows the instructions and knows how to hold a screwdriver and a saw can do this.

Flaws

• A slight thermal inertia of enclosing structures is typical for any frame houses.
• The high price of the material - however, this is more than offset by savings in foundation costs and a reduction in construction time.
• Enclosing structures do not breathe, and, therefore, an efficient device is necessary - this drawback is also inherent in all frame houses.
• The flammability of enclosing structures is no higher than that of any wooden buildings.
• Combustion release harmful substances- indeed, when polystyrene foam melts, styrene is released with a specific sweetish odor. When its concentration in the air is more than 600 ppm (1 ppm = 4.26 mg/m3), it is dangerous to humans. But the smell of styrene becomes unbearable even at concentrations above 200 ppm, and this is an unambiguous signal for urgent evacuation.
• Suitable for rodents - although these animals are bred anywhere, there are known cases when rats even gnawed through concrete in search of food.

There are also cheaper products on the market with linings 9 mm thick, but they are only suitable for small walls and partitions one-story buildings.

Differences between a factory SIP panel

1. Inaccurate geometry. The shift of the plates relative to each other, the diamond-shaped or trapezoidal shape of the panel are easily identified using a square and a tape measure.
2. Use of low-quality OSB with low moisture resistance. Wet the surface of the panel generously for an hour or two. If the chips begin to peel off, you have a defective product.
3. Low adhesive bond strength. This is perhaps the main feature of goods produced in a semi-handicraft way. The product can only be checked by tearing off one of the coverings from the insulation. High quality panel It breaks not along the seam, but along the foam sheet.
4. Making the middle part of the panel from fragments polystyrene foam boards. To reduce the amount of waste, handicraft enterprises use cuttings of insulation, which negatively affects both the strength and the thermal insulation properties. The joints of polystyrene foam boards are easy to see at the ends of the panels.

Step-by-step construction of a house from SIP panels

Foundation

Companies that build houses from SIP panels recommend making one that fully meets the concept of a prefabricated building. Piles for a house with an area of ​​up to 150 m² can be installed in two to three days, and with the help of a special installation - in one day; Assembling a grillage from a channel or timber frame will also not take much time.

The force of frost heaving is many times greater than the load from light walls made of SIP panels. In such conditions, piled and insulated shallow foundations work best.

(their most common diameter is 108 mm, length - 2.5 and 3 m) are placed under external and internal main walls, as well as crossbars (they are needed to reduce the span of beams) in increments of 1.5–2 m. Such a base leads well itself on heaving soils and practically does not settle under light walls - provided that the laying depth was determined not randomly, but as a result of test screwing with force measurement: the blades of the piles should rest on dense layers of soil.

To last for more than 50 years, you need to purchase steel piles with a thickness of at least 4 mm with cast tips, which resist corrosion much better than welded ones; After installation, they should be filled with concrete. One support, including installation, will cost 2,400–2,700 rubles, that is, the cost of a foundation for a house measuring 8 × 10 m will not exceed 100 thousand rubles. True, finishing the basement will require additional costs: you will have to install cement-bonded or glass-magnesite sheets (for cladding with tiles or stone) or decorative panels on the frame.

The main alternative to a pile-screw foundation is traditional for country house construction a shallow-buried strip 0.3–0.4 m wide and 0.6–0.8 m high. If you prepare concrete yourself rather than buy it at a factory, such a foundation will cost slightly less than a pile foundation, but the construction time will increase by at least 3 weeks . The key to the reliability of a strip foundation is a properly executed reinforcement cage; it should be designed in accordance with SP 63.13330.2012 (the main requirements are the presence of at least two reinforcing chords and a reinforcement coefficient of at least 0.1%). The base of this foundation cannot be erected on heterogeneous soils with quicksand. The lightweight one is optimally suited for swampy areas with highly heaving and weak-bearing soils. The slab is poured on top of a sand and gravel drainage pad, a layer of extruded polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 100 mm and a waterproofing substrate. Minimum thickness slabs - 200 mm, and it must be reinforced with a two-level frame made of rods with a diameter of 12 mm. To protect the walls from water (mainly melt water), it is worth erecting a reinforced concrete plinth 0.3–0.5 m high along the contour of the slab. It is advisable to insulate the blind area and the plinth with 50 mm thick EPS sheets.

It is advisable to strengthen the foundation made of steel piles with a grillage made of a channel or I-beam. The grillage rand beams must be welded to each other and, in addition, welded to the piles. Metal parts it is necessary to protect it from corrosion and isolate it from the wooden frame with rolled waterproofing.

When installing a floating strip foundation, there is no point in going deep into clay soil - it is better to build up the above-ground part, which will serve as a plinth. The reinforcement frame should be knitted with galvanized wire. The connections must be strong and durable, because the frame must work as a single unit throughout the entire service life of the foundation.

Walls

Despite the fact that the technology is considered unified, each company and even team has its own methods of assembling enclosing structures - successful and not so successful.

For construction, products of both standard and non-standard sizes are required - lintels over openings, partitions, roofing elements, etc. Large companies with its own production line, cutting is carried out only in factory conditions. Small firms and “autonomous” teams often cut out the required fragments on site using a circular saw and a foam grater (using this tool to select grooves along the perimeter of the panels). With this method there is a high risk of violation geometric dimensions rooms and openings, the appearance of gaps at the joints of parts.

The construction technology involves the installation of a hidden frame, the parts of which are inserted into the grooves of the panels. For the frame, select chamber-dried lumber should be used, impregnated with an antiseptic composition, and for floor beams it is advisable to use either a wooden I-beam. Alas, sometimes under-dried products are used, which can warp, which will lead to the appearance of cracks and deformation of walls and ceilings. The junction of panels with frame elements is always sealed with polyurethane foam. However, some teams are accustomed to assembling racks from two boards, simply tightening them with screws without any sealing of the seam. In this case, 150 × 100 mm timber can be installed in the corners. It seems that this should increase the strength of the frame of the house, but in practice such a solution only guarantees freezing of the corner in the harsh winter.

SIP panels allow the construction of buildings of complex configuration - with oblique angles and bay windows. True, this increases labor costs and the amount of waste, and hence the cost of 1 m2 of house area.

Roof

An attic or semi-attic floor can be built using SIP panels or using traditional technology with insulation with mineral wool or other materials.

Sometimes you can hear that roofing pie based on SIP panels, it is more resistant to moisture (after all, expanded polystyrene has extremely low water absorption). However, the constant presence of moisture (which can seep through roof covering or coming from below in the form of steam) leads to the destruction of panel coverings (OSB). In addition, at temperatures above 80 ° C, the process of thermal destruction of expanded polystyrene begins.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap between the SIP panels and the roofing material. You can’t do without a layer of vapor barrier on the side of the premises, as well as a ventilated ridge.

The load-bearing part of the roof made of SIP panels includes a ridge beam, purlins (parallel to the ridge load-bearing beams) and layered rafters, the function of which is performed by the beams between the panels. Installed panels covered with a continuous carpet of rolled vapor-permeable waterproofing, then a slatted sheathing is installed, to which a roofing covering (for example, profiled steel sheets) or another layer of OSB is attached, which serves as the basis for flexible bitumen shingles.

Only a forced supply and exhaust system with heat recovery, which will provide zonal air exchange, can radically change the situation for the better. The main element of such a system is a recovery unit. For a cottage with an area of ​​about 120 m2, where a family of three or four people lives, an installation with a capacity of 180-250 m3/h is sufficient, the price of which will be 60-250 thousand rubles. depending on the design and manufacturer. The cost of the system with installation varies between 350-700 thousand rubles. without taking into account the costs of creating hidden cavities for laying ventilation ducts.

Finishing of SIP panels

In the vast majority of cases, the inside of walls made of SIP panels is sheathed with plasterboard, sheets of which can be attached directly to the internal OSB. The sheathing is made of two layers, providing channels for electrical wiring in the first layer (the cables must be placed in protective corrugated pipes or PVC boxes). At traditional way When installing gypsum boards (using lath or steel sheathing), pipes and cables are laid in cavities under the sheathing.

Most often mounted outside curtain façade. In addition, plastering is possible, but in order to avoid cracks it is advisable to use technology wet facade, with , wooden planks, composite panels.

Construction of houses from sip panels has become widespread in Canada and Europe. Today this method enjoys well-deserved popularity in our country. Many companies provide these services, but due to the ease of use, it is possible to build a house from sip panels yourself, without the involvement of qualified contractors. Subject to simple technology, you can get a decent result in a short time.

SIP (Structural insulated panel): characteristics, advantages and disadvantages

Sip panels are three-layer sandwich panels. Between two layers of solid sheet material there is a heat-insulating and sound-proofing layer. OSB boards are most often used as outer layers; polystyrene foam is used as a filler. Mineral wool is used less frequently for filling, since this significantly increases the weight and cost of the elements. The outside is treated with fire-fighting and antiseptic impregnations. Sip sandwiches are released various thicknesses- 124; 174 and 224 mm, depending on the purpose. The main linear dimensions are 2500*1250 mm and 2800*1250 mm, although products of other sizes can be ordered.

The popularity of this product is due to a large number of advantages:

• Factory readiness. When ordering prefabricated elements at the factory, the assembly is carried out in such a way as to take into account all the features of the project and reduce assembly errors to a minimum. Also, many manufacturers complete their products with a tenon board, which ensures a reliable tongue-and-groove connection. In other cases, timber is supplied at the assembly site.
• Ease of use. The technology is so simple that the building can be assembled with your own hands. At the same time, the set of tools for work is minimal.
• Wide application. You can build from SIP country cottages, office and warehouses, garages and carry out installation of other buildings and structures.
• High heat and noise insulation. Availability of foam or mineral wool provides excellent thermophysical properties.
• Strength. Manufacturers provide a minimum 50-year warranty.
• Lightweight design. Low weight allows the use of lightweight types of foundations.
• Construction speed.
• All-season. The absence of “wet” processes allows you to carry out the installation yourself, regardless of weather conditions.
• Saving. The use of this technology at all stages of construction from floor to roof allows reducing material costs.
• Reducing monetary costs for heating.

The disadvantages include:

• Synthetic materials.
• Complete sealing of buildings. For normal operation of such an object it is necessary good system forced ventilation.
• Flammability. There are heated debates about this, although manufacturers promise a high class of fire safety.

You need to take a responsible approach to choosing SIPs so that they meet all the specified requirements. Availability of impregnation for biological protection, fire-resistant and moisture-resistant coatings, thickness frame covering and the density of the insulating layer.

Preparatory stages of work

• Selecting a project. If appearance structure, its size, number of floors and design depends only on the wishes of the customer, then the preparation of project documentation and calculation of the number of sandwiches should be entrusted to professionals. This will avoid mistakes and save money.
• Manufacturer's choice. You should first study the supply market and choose a company that is trusted and respects process manufacturing and packaging.
• Purchase and delivery of the order.

Basic work on the construction of the building

Foundation

The most important step is to select and correct device foundation. The light weight of the structure will allow the use of any type of base: shallow-depth tape, monolithic or columnar type. Most often used screw piles, which allows you to reduce the arrangement time to 2-3 days. This process is carried out as carefully as possible, avoiding errors and inaccuracies. The installation of a pile foundation can be done with your own hands. The site is marked according to the project, starting from the corners. Axial threads are pulled between the corner pegs and marked seats for piles. The distance for adjacent supports is 2-2.5 m. After which the piles are twisted to the required depth, below the freezing point of the soil for this climate zone.

Using a level, a single level is found for the entire frame. Horizontal leveling can be done by additional twisting or cutting off excess. The twisting fitting method is not recommended, as this loosens the soil. After this, we connect the “heels” of the piles using a metal channel and lay waterproofing layer, for which we use roofing felt, and on top we mount the strapping beam using bolted connections.

Floor arrangement

You can assemble a complete floor from sip panels with your own hands. To do this, frame slabs are laid over the area, having previously treated them with waterproofing mastic. A connecting beam is used as a lag. Polyurethane foam sealant is applied to all joints for better sealing. After this, to improve strength, all connections are fastened with self-tapping screws in increments of 10-15 cm. Often, an additional boardwalk is mounted on top of the “pie” using self-tapping screws. Finally, a strapping is installed, along which the walls of the future home will be directly assembled.

Raising the walls

Despite the apparent complexity, building walls is also quite doable with your own hands. We begin assembling the structure from the corner, for which we align the corner panels horizontally and vertically, using building level for quality control. Next, from the exposed corner multilayer slabs, we install the subsequent ones ourselves, heading in two directions to the next corners. We glue each connecting groove using mounting sealant. Upon completion of the construction of the walls of the first floor, we lay a strapping board on top, which will act as a base for the interfloor ceiling.

We install the floors by analogy with the floor, performing step-by-step technology for laying slabs. If necessary, we strengthen the structure with additional timber. In the ceilings, it is necessary not to forget the technological holes for ventilation ducts and other communications. With the help of connecting board releases, you can form a base for balconies, loggias, and various decorative structures.

Fastening structural elements the second floor is similar in design to the SIP-sandwich device on the first level.

When arranging a roof, for small volumes you can do without installation rafter system, since the panels have the necessary safety margin. This method saves a significant amount of money. For large roof areas it is necessary to install rafters. But even in this case, the savings are noticeable, because the use of additional waterproofing films and other coatings is eliminated. On top, for ventilation, a slatted sheathing is installed and final finishing roofing with any chosen material: metal tiles, ondulin, etc.

Finishing

At correct execution work we obtain smooth and even surfaces that can easily be finished with any material. For internal space Most often, plasterboard is used, and ceramic tiles are used in bathrooms and kitchens. Siding and decorative plasters are suitable for the street.

Thus, wide application vulture sandwiches for the construction of buildings is due to the undoubted advantages of the material, the ability to perform the entire complex of work with your own hands, as well as significant savings during the construction process and subsequent operation.

The construction industry is gaining momentum and improving every day. Thanks to these processes, it is possible to build a massive house of any number of floors at minimal cost. Moreover, such a building will have high quality. In addition, you can evaluate the high level of strength of SIP video panels by watching the video in this article. In our article we will get acquainted with the advantages and disadvantages of such material, and how to build a house from vulture panels.

Main advantages of Sip panels

Do-it-yourself construction of houses from vulture panels is gaining momentum in popularity. Why is this happening? Sip panels have the following advantages compared to other materials:

Attention! Such unique features make it possible to make almost any type of building from Sip, from warehouses to country cottages.

The main disadvantages of buildings from Sip

In this section, we need to consider all the disadvantages of the material for building a house from vulture products without unforeseen problems:

• Sip buildings usually do not allow oxygen to pass through, so they trap air indoors. The problem can be solved by regularly airing the rooms.
• Construction work takes less than 7 days, during which the weather may change, so think about the drainage system in advance.
• The low level of fire resistance requires high-quality electrical wiring and fire alarms.
• In addition, the blind area should be made wider so that winter period Easily clear the path.

If you have already decided on the material, and this is SIP panels, then below we will look at how to build a house using Canadian technology with your own hands.

Building a house with your own hands

The construction of buildings from such material includes some construction stages:

• Preparatory stage;
• Arrangement of floor covering;
• Installation of walls;
• Roof installation;
• Finishing work.

Let's look at each stage of work in more detail.

Preparatory work

Before you begin building a facility using SIP panels, you must perform the following series of actions:

• The first thing we do is draw up a project. For this you can use finished project or do it yourself: you can watch a video on how to do it below;
• To perform the work, you need to purchase a hacksaw and a screwdriver.
• To build this type regular will do type of foundation, such as a screw foundation.
• Next we carry out waterproofing. To do this, you can use a two-layer roofing felt.
• We lay down a layer of strapping timber that will serve as the base for the floor.

Setting up the floor

Now we can begin laying the subfloor. To do this you need to use panels. We lay them over the entire area of ​​the building, but before that we need to waterproof it. Either will help us with this bitumen mastic, or roofing felt. Each groove should be treated with sealant - this is necessary for merging the panels.

Attention! In order to secure the parts more firmly, you can use self-tapping screws, and then lubricate all the ends with a special agent.

We mount the walls

Once the previous stages are completed, construction can begin frame house. To do this you should do the following:

• We install the frame horizontally along the entire perimeter of the building. Bottom harness must be performed in accordance with all existing standards.
• Next, we install the corner panels, from which different sides The following SIP products are attached.
• In order to avoid distortions, it is necessary to use a building level.
• The upper samples of panel elements must be treated with sealant.
• Then we proceed to the upper harness.

Roof installation

With such a construction there is no need to create truss structure, since the structure can withstand heavy loads. Also, for this stage there is no need to additionally perform steam and waterproofing. You can watch the video of building a house from sip panels in more detail. In general, the process of installing a roof is carried out according to the same scheme as installing walls.

Finishing work

If the walls are made of Sip panels, then the building receives large number advantages over other types. Thus, they are characterized by smooth and flat surface. That is why finishing work is much easier than for other materials. To do this, you can use drywall, without installing the frame. You can also use clapboard, siding, tiles or stones. You can attach finishing products using construction adhesive.

Attention! Flooring can be created using parquet, tiles, linoleum and other options.

By constructing a building from sip panels, you can achieve a very stable and reliable result. Plus, the price will pleasantly surprise you.

A sandwich panel is a structure that consists of insulation and a few words roofing material and is used as the main building material for the construction of buildings of varying design complexity. For the manufacture of sandwich panels, only proven materials that meet the standards are used. The main material for the covering layer is usually “corrugated sheeting” (galvanized steel coated with polymer).

Insulation materials

When choosing sip panels, it is better to seek help from specialists. But if this is not possible, it is worth studying the main types of insulation and their characteristics.

There are three main types of insulation:

• polystyrene foam (expanded polystyrene);
• mineral wool (basalt insulation);
• polyurethane foam.

And each of these insulation materials has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Styrofoam filling in the panel

Polystyrene foam is positioned as insulation, distinguished by its durability. In addition, it is an environmentally friendly material. It has waterproof properties and is not afraid of the sun. But at the same time, such material is very flammable and burns quickly.

Mineral wool practically does not burn and is also harmless to health.

This insulation also withstands biological and chemical influences well. But despite the set of such important advantages, basalt insulation has very low resistance to moisture.

Polyurethane foam conducts heat poorly and is highly flammable, but it has a high insulation threshold.

Polyurethane foam as a starting point for a sandwich panel

The thickness of the building material, and therefore the price, directly depends on the thickness of the insulation itself.

The price of the SIP panel is 1,300 rubles per square meter. Its thickness is 174 mm, width - 1250 mm, height - 2500 mm.

In our country and the CIS countries, sandwich panels of the following sizes are used:

12+100+12=124 mm;

12+150+12=174 mm;

12+200+12=224 mm.

OSB (OSB)

OSB for SIP board

Introduction to the concept OSB boards should start with general classification. There are four main types of OSB. Each of them differs from the others only in its indicators of moisture resistance and strength.

• OSB 1 – a board with the most low performance moisture resistance strength. This type of plate is often used in the installation of light weight parts. The advantage of these plates is their low price.
• OSB 2 – has low threshold moisture resistance and at the same time high strength. Such boards are used mainly for the production of furniture, sometimes for load-bearing elements. Less commonly, OSB 2 is used in construction industry, and then only for internal structures.
• OSB 3 is one of the most popular types of boards. These boards combine strength and moisture resistance at a reasonable price. They are used more often in construction for the construction of both facade and interior finishing. Sometimes OSB 3 acts as a roofing material or ceiling.
• OSB 4 - these OSB boards have the highest threshold of strength and moisture resistance. They are used for the construction of structures with high level loads and in areas with high humidity.

Construction of houses from sandwich panels: advantages and disadvantages

Like any material, using sandwich panels has both its advantages and disadvantages.

First, about the pleasant things. The main advantage of this building material is the consistency of its quality, which is evidenced by the high strength of the material, relative to the price. This factor plays a very important role when calculating construction estimates. After all, the use of this material significantly reduces costs. Due to the lightness of the panels, the weight of the overall structure is lightened, which means there is no need for a reinforced foundation.

See more house projects in the “House Projects” section on our website.

DIY sandwich panel house

Build a house from SIP panels - how to assemble a construction set

The first thing you will need in this matter is a design for the future building. Should be given special attention to its construction, not forgetting the requirements and wishes. If it is not possible to build it yourself based on the complexity of the calculations, then there are a lot of companies ready to help in this matter. We will try to show you all stages of construction in a photo report, with step by step instructions. But, all houses are individual, our photo can only be considered as an information guide.

By the way, SIP panels can be used to build not only houses, but also extensions to residential buildings. They can accommodate verandas or kitchens.

The next step is to order SIP panels or produce them yourself. You can order them directly from the company that produces them. Here you can look at catalogs and select everything you need for subsequent installation. When choosing panels, do not forget about the base - the foundation. For a structure made of such material, the foundation is usually installed on screw piles.

Water supply, heating and electricity for the future house must be installed before pouring the foundation.

To avoid curvature of corners or height mismatches, all panels must be checked for integrity and dimensional conformity before installation. If inaccuracies are noticed, contact the supplier to replace the material.

After the foundation is poured, you need to tie it with wooden beam. Then the corners are set and holes are made using a percussion tool. Using these holes, the timber is fastened to the concrete with 12 mm anchors. Recommended distance 2.5 m. Next, the building itself is assembled on the established foundation. The assembly begins with zero overlap and the first SIP panels are laid on the timber.

Wall frames are assembled from timber. The embedded board is secured along its perimeter with special nails. The main thing here is to maintain the vertical calibration and frame angles. After all, if you miss even 1 mm somewhere, the wall will turn out crooked and there will be no way to correct it. After installing the frame, panels are placed on it.

After the construction of the general structure, the filling of holes begins. Joints and corners of panels are filled using edged boards size 25 * 100 mm. All cracks are sealed with foam.

It is better to make the ceilings between floors and all supporting structures wooden. You can use both timber and boards. Photos of the construction stages are below.

Foundation for a house made of SIP panels

The foundation is, first of all, the basis of the building. It transfers the entire load of the building to the underlying soil layers. In addition to the strength of the foundation itself, you need to consider:

• total area of ​​support on the soil;
• the supporting capacity of the soil itself;
• groundwater levels.

Experts believe that the most common mistake when pouring a foundation is the excessive abundance of concrete and metal in it.

The most popular types of foundation are:

• pile (pile-tape);
• columnar (columnar-ribbon);
• shallow monolithic slabs;
• tape deepening;
• tape recess with a plinth.

But, it is worth noting that among this variety, for frame panel houses the best option would be shallow recessing.

Laying the strapping (crown) beam

For laying, take a beam measuring 2.5 * 1.5 cm. Laying should begin from the middle of the foundation, while measuring its horizontal calibration. Next, the timber needs to be connected at the corners using a notch. After this, the parts are secured. For proper fastening, holes 1–1.5 cm long with a diameter of 2 cm are drilled in the timber and a dowel is driven in.

Fastening the timber to the foundation is done using anchor bolts with drowning. The fastening distance is about 1.5–2 m. The size of the bolts should be 35 cm in length with a diameter of 1–1.2 cm.

Arranging the floor in a house using SIP panels

Another proof distinctive property Canadian construction technology, serves as flooring technology.

Floors and ceilings are also built from SIP panels.

Although many contractors recommend laying a regular wooden floor in such houses with insulation between the joists and beams. These floors are reliable and more durable. In addition, this floor will be easier to disassemble or repair.

Construction of walls from SIP panels

When building walls, you need to carefully choose the source material, because the quality of the future home largely depends on its quality. The best option for outdoor work would be a beam with a diameter of 15 cm. As for the height, the minimum is 1.5 m. For the inside, 10 * 15 cm is suitable. These are acceptable sizes that will help you save on consumables, will allow you to minimize the number of seams and joints and achieve ideal smoothness of future walls. Assembling walls is not easy, you need experience.

Before laying the timber in the crowns, all materials must be adjusted in accordance with the height and given the desired shape. For corner connections It is better to use the “half-tree” or “tied with a root thorn” method. It is better to make connections between the outer parts by cutting or using veneers. And it is better to connect the internal sections of both joints and corners with a half frame.

You need to begin direct installation by laying a crown beam treated with an antiseptic into the foundation.

Installation of a roof in a house made of SIP panels

The roof for a house built using this technique can be a very ordinary rafter roof. This type of roof is characterized by support in the form of grooves or Mauerlat, which are cut into the beams on attic floor. The rafters are installed on supports, sheathing is placed on them and roofing material is laid.

As for insulation, it is not necessary for a cold attic. But if you plan to install an attic, then you should put insulation between the rafters and cover it with a vapor barrier film.

In addition to the rafter roof, no less popular is the roof made of SIP panels. For this type, first of all, the starting rafters are installed, which are bolted to the Mauerlat. And only after this the panels are laid. The panels are mounted on one side of the roof, gradually increasing in height along with the ridge. Once the first skate is finished, you can move on to the next one.

This installation method is more painstaking than the traditional one, but no less reliable.

Facade finishing

Finishing the facade is the final step of construction. Each owner makes it according to his own taste and financial capabilities. Among the finishing options that are now very popular: facing brick, siding, decorative plaster.

Video

Look interesting video about the construction of a house from SIP panels.

More recently it has become very popular to build houses with wooden frame. Nowadays there is a constant search for new and improvement of existing frame construction technologies. The article will describe the stages of building a frame house in relatively new technology from sip panels.

What is a SIP panel - manufacturing process

Sip panel or, as it is also called, sandwich panel is a multifunctional building material. It can be used in almost any conditions. The cost of the panels is low, and the potential for their application is practically unlimited.

Wall sandwich panels are a three-layer material. Let's see how they are made.

How the manufacturing process of sip panels occurs - step-by-step diagram

Step 1: Selection of materials

For the outer layers, durable materials are used: fiberboards, oriented strand boards, wooden boards, magnesite plates, galvanized steel. The thickness of the slabs is 9 or 12 mm.

For sip panels, it is better to exclude the use of wood, since it is highly flammable, short-lived, and also the most labor-intensive to process. Most often, OSB boards are used in SIP panels for building houses. Recommended thickness 12 mm. For load-bearing structures they can be adapted for use in high humidity conditions.

OSB is made from wood chips, the diameter of which does not exceed 0.6 mm. The length, as a rule, is no more than 140 mm. Such shavings are laid perpendicular to each other in three layers. An adhesive waterproof resin is added during the manufacturing process. In the future from high pressure and temperature, this material is compressed. The result is a plate with increased strength and at the same time high elasticity. Outer layer OSB boards are also waterproof. Using wood cutting tools, the slabs are very easy to saw. OSB holds fasteners due to the method of laying wood chips, therefore it is significantly different from others similar materials, where the resin provides retention of the fasteners.

The insulation is placed between two rigid protective layers material. For this layer, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, or mineral wool are used. The last two insulation materials are non-flammable. When selecting a brand of polystyrene foam, you need to pay attention to its flammability and flame decay time. The thickness of the material, depending on the thermophysical properties of the frame house, can vary from 50 to 250 mm. If mineral wool is given greater preference, then it is necessary to lay a parabarrier film between it and the inner slab.

When using mineral wool in SIP panels, a material is used that has a density of 100–120 kg/m³. This product does not burn and cannot spread fire. When heated, binding elements may release unpleasant odors, but, nevertheless, such thermal insulation material much more environmentally friendly than polystyrene foam. But mineral wool increases the weight of the sandwich panel. If compared with expanded polystyrene, the weight will be 2 times more. Therefore, this type of insulation is rarely used in sip panels. The choice of this material is also negatively affected by the high cost. The use of mineral wool as insulation in a house made of sandwich panels can cost 1.5–2 times more.

For mass production, sip panels use expanded polystyrene with a density of 25 kg/m³ (PSB-S-25 or PSB-25). Due to its lightness and low cost, this insulation is very popular. It is 98% carbon dioxide. Due to this, it has low thermal conductivity and, accordingly, high thermal insulation properties.

This material has fairly high strength and is resistant to fungus and moisture. But mice love to gnaw out nests in polystyrene foam, in which they then settle. The purpose of this material is, first of all, external insulation walls The thickness of the insulation depends on what kind of house will be built. For permanent residence, the heat insulator must be no thinner than 50 mm. To build a summer cottage, a maximum of 20 mm of such insulation is sufficient. We should not forget that polystyrene foam burns; when exposed to open flame, it melts and emits acrid black smoke. The fire safety of the structure is partially ensured by the fact that the foam in SIP panels is covered with OSB boards.

Step 2: Choosing the Right Glue

To connect all layers of a sandwich panel, the glue must retain its properties as long as the house stands. Therefore, such material must withstand varying humidity, temperature changes and other unfavorable conditions. The toxicity of the adhesive after polymerization must be completely eliminated. When assembling sip panels in Canada, the USA and the EU, the following brands have proven themselves with best side: Macroplast UR 7229, Macroplast UR 7228 and Kleiberit 502.8.

Step 3: Production of sip panels

The OSB board must be evenly coated with glue over the entire surface. Then you need to lay a sheet of polystyrene foam on top of the slab. After which you will need to apply again polymer composition and cover with a second OSB board.

The adhesive must be applied within no more than 10 minutes. When you find of this material In air beyond the specified time, polymerization begins. The glue foams strongly and increases in volume. In this case, it is necessary to press the glued elements within 18 tons. This is realized using a powerful press. Glued wall sandwich panels must be cured for 2–3 hours. The glue dries completely in 15–30 hours. After which the protruding edges of the insulation must be cut off.

What will the foundation be like?

Frame houses made from prefabricated sip panels have enough light weight, so a reinforced foundation will not be needed. For such buildings it is advisable to use a shallow foundation. In addition to this option, the pile, columnar or slab type of frame house base is also used in construction practice. For example, pile foundation can be done in any season of the year, in any weather. Its installation can be completed in the shortest possible time, without requiring large financial costs. There is no need to carry out painstaking land work.

For a frame house where wall panels are used, we recommend using one of the most popular and classic options supports - strip foundation. To do this, you will need to mark the construction site. Then dig a trench 50–60 cm deep. The width can be made 40–50 cm. In the next step, you will need to make a sand and crushed stone cushion of 20 cm, which must be compacted.

Then you can begin installing the formwork. Boards 10–15 cm wide are suitable for this. As an alternative, moisture-resistant plywood can be used. It is imperative to make the formwork 50 cm above the soil level.

Next, the reinforcement frame is connected. For this, rods 10–15 mm in diameter are most often used. After this, a concrete solution is prepared. A concrete mixer will significantly speed up this process. It is necessary to regularly tamp the mortar poured into the formwork using a vibrator. This action will remove air bubbles from concrete mixture, making the created foundation stronger. When all filling work has been completed, concrete mortar you need to let it brew and gain strength. Experts recommend that the foundation stand for 3-4 weeks before the walls are erected.

Installation of frame and floor - what you need to know

This process begins with attaching a frame wooden belt to the foundation. The cross-section for such timber is most often used 250x150 mm. In the corners, the wall boards are connected to each other using grooves. Anchors, as a rule, are used 10–12 mm in diameter, and their length should be 35 cm. They need to be installed at a distance of 1.5–2 m from each other. In the corners it is better to use two anchors. The bolt heads must be recessed.

Tricks of building walls

Wall elements are installed after securing the guide boards to the strapping beam. Their size depends on the thickness wall panel. Such boards must be laid taking into account a distance of 10–12 mm from the edge of the beam. It is imperative to maintain strict horizontality. In order to fasten them, you will need 70x5 mm self-tapping screws. It is better to make indents between them 35–40 cm.

In the corners there are two wall frame panels are installed by placing them on guide boards. The grooves must first be foamed. Using a level you need to perform vertical and horizontal alignment. After this, you need to screw the sandwich panels with self-tapping screws to the guide boards. The fastening step is required to be 150 mm. The panels also need to be fastened together. For this you will need boards with a cross section of 50–200 mm. They are installed between two panels. To make a reliable fixation, you will need 12x200 mm self-tapping screws.