Where do you need to start to engage in trading activities legally? What is the best form to use to register? Do I need to obtain a trade permit and how should this be done? Are there differences in obtaining documents when trading different goods? The article answers these and other questions.

Business form

We decide on the form of conducting activities. You can become an individual entrepreneur (IP) or establish a trade organization with the rights legal entity. For conducting activities, these forms have positive and negative sides. The package of documents required to obtain a trade permit depends on the chosen type of business.

Whether it is necessary to obtain additional documents largely depends on the choice of the form of activity and the range of goods. So, it is easier for individual entrepreneurs to conduct financial statements, they do not need to adhere to the order of conduct cash transactions, the entrepreneur has the right to keep all the proceeds. But you shouldn’t be too happy, since individual entrepreneurs are prohibited from trading alcoholic drinks, and restrictions apply to them.

A legal entity is obliged to hand over proceeds from trading to a banking institution. The advantage is that a legal entity can obtain a trade permit to sell almost any product. The main thing is that the product is not prohibited for circulation in the country.

Package of documents

To obtain a trade permit (certificate of entry into the Trade Register), you must submit the following documents:

• legal entities provide constituent documents; Individual entrepreneur - extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities or certificate of registration of individual entrepreneur;
• certificate of registration with the Federal Tax Service;
• information about the manager and chief accountant, bank details(provided by legal entities);
• a lease agreement for the premises and documents on the ownership of the premises in which trading will take place;
• sanitary passport of the premises where trade will take place;
• conclusions of the State Supervision Authority and the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service;
• an agreement with a municipal or other waste removal service;
• list of products for trade.

It is important to know that obtaining a permit to trade certain types of products (for example, alcohol) is accompanied by the addition of a corresponding license to the specified list of documents.

The active development of trade in Russia did not affect many settlements in rural areas. In any region of the country you can find villages, hamlets, villages and hamlets where there are no retail outlets, and if there are, the assortment in them is quite poor. Therefore, the organization of outdoor trade and a mobile store as a business, reviews of entrepreneurs involved in this field confirm this, is a very promising commercial idea.

Organization of trade through a mobile store

To start a business in this direction, you need to purchase a small truck.

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Car selection

Currently, some car dealers offer ready-made car shops equipped with everything necessary: ​​display cases, racks, in some cases, refrigeration units. But you can take a standard van and equip it as you wish. Commercial vehicles, for example, Gazelle, Valdai, are best suited for organizing a car shop.

Important! The price of new cars suitable for such activities is quite high (can reach up to 1,500,000 rubles) and makes them inaccessible to most entrepreneurs. However, you can also purchase a used car for trading. It is important to make sure that the car is in good technical and sanitary condition, since the implementation separate groups goods requires compliance with certain sanitary requirements.

Route planning

The second step in organizing outbound trade is forming a route for the auto shop and agreeing on its location. When planning your route, the following factors must be taken into account:

• the number of settlements where it is planned to organize trade;
• the distance of these points from each other;
• the population size in them.

Based on this data, a route diagram and the order of its passage are formed. For example, it is planned to carry out trade in five villages located at a considerable distance from each other, and in opposite directions. The number of inhabitants in each of them is about 400-500 people. In this case, it is best to organize a trip to each point on a separate day: Monday - village 1, Tuesday - village 2, etc. This will allow you to reach the maximum number of customers, and will also reduce the cost of fuel and lubricants.

If you plan to serve several small settlements, for example, 6 small villages, each of which is home to no more than 150 people, and the settlements themselves are located in the same direction, then it makes sense to carry out trade on one day, being in each village for 1 o'clock.

To begin work, it is necessary to resolve all legal formalities.

Trading from a mobile shop - documents and permits

The auto shop is an object of non-stationary trade, therefore it is subject to relevant legal requirements. First of all, this is the availability of documents indicating state registration entrepreneurship.

To engage in this type of activity, it is enough to do this without difficulty. can be done quite quickly and for free using one of the special services, for example, “My Business”.

Important! When filling out application P21001, you must indicate OKVED codes, suitable for trade through a mobile store: subclass 47.8 “Retail trade in non-stationary retail facilities and markets.” Product groups may be different: food products, drinks, textiles, etc. Depending on what you plan to trade, the code will also change: 47.81; 47.82, etc.

Based on the results of the registration procedure, you will receive a State Certificate. registration. At the same time, it is worth deciding. As optimal system taxation for non-stationary trade can be recommended. However, this regime is allowed to be applied subject to certain conditions, which can be found out in detail on the official website of the tax service www.nalog.ru.

To organize the work, you will also need to agree on the location of the retail outlet. Trading from a mobile store requires permission only from the local administration of the locality where the activity is planned. As a rule, authorities are willing to accommodate entrepreneurs halfway and allocate car shops for parking comfortable places.

Advice:Often the heads of local administrations give only verbal consent to the parking of a car shop in one place or another. But it is better to ask for an official permit, which will indicate: the specific address of the parking lot of the auto shop, the parking time, and the validity period of the permit.

Auto shop operation

Like any commercial business, organizing outbound trade requires careful elaboration of its concept. The business plan of the auto shop should include the specifics of trade in rural areas. First of all, this is the range of goods.

How to create an assortment

Entrepreneurs with experience in traveling trade in rural areas note the following groups of goods that are in stable demand:

• bakery products;
• sausage and sausages;
• fish and seafood;
• cereals;
• pasta;
• canned food;
• fruits;
• sugar and confectionery;
• flour;
• salt;
• tobacco products;
• light bulbs;
• batteries;
• matches.

Often, customers themselves help create the assortment of products. All owners of auto shops are familiar with situations when they are ordered to bring this or that product next time. By the way, custom sales are another source of additional profit for a mobile store.

However, a food truck can also be specialized in nature, selling only one type of product, for example, fish and seafood. Lately, auto stores offering clothes, shoes, and stationery have become increasingly popular.

How to attract buyers

The key to the success of a universal drive-thru store is the stability of its appearance in populated areas - local residents should know that on this very day they will be able to purchase all the necessary goods. Therefore, the owner of such a retail outlet does not need additional advertising, he is only required to always arrive on time.

For a specialized auto shop, additional advertising is often indispensable. In this case, you need to express yourself in some way. The experience of entrepreneurs shows that the most in an efficient way is the preliminary posting of announcements about the arrival of the auto shop. But this method requires additional costs, especially if the settlement is located at a considerable distance. In such cases, some entrepreneurs resort to the help of technical means - they drive through a town or village and invite people to go shopping through a loudspeaker. This method of advertising gives a good effect.

A car shop as a business, judging by the reviews of entrepreneurs, is quite interesting, and with the right approach it can bring good profits. In this business, you need to be able to communicate with people and be prepared for any surprises. However, this is typical for any entrepreneurial activity. A store on wheels is a good option to start your first steps in the world of business, especially since the risk of loss is minimal.

I'm studying different options earnings in the village. For example, trade. Two types: organize a point in your village or outbound trade in other villages. The auto shop is in demand in villages without shops, and in villages with shops they are also welcome. Because it’s cheaper, the products are fresher and you can buy them to order, the assortment is more flexible to customer needs. What you need to start a business and how to make money in the village through outbound trading. Firstly, primary capital and legalization of business (without this there is no way - traffic cops are on guard). It is convenient to register as an individual entrepreneur - there are fewer taxes. Either your own capital or borrow from relatives or friends, with banks there is more hassle and the terms of loans are unavailable. Licensing, permits. Each region has its own rules for determining sites for outbound trading. In theory, municipalities should allocate them in each locality. There are, however, incidents with the allocation of sites. But, it seems to me, in the village it is not necessary to look for a site, and in the village, where there are still shops, they can be harsh towards auto shops. We need to study the laws :). Secondly, the car. The most common choice is the Gazelle truck. Thirdly, partners. This is a job for every day; you definitely won’t be able to work it out on your own. Although in one of the villages I talked to the owners of a car shop. Young family from Smolensk region, they know how to make money in the village, they travel around their region and the Moscow region, they work every day. Probably, while the young people have the strength, there is someone to leave the farm to. But in any case, partners are better. Fourthly, where to shop. They are looking for wholesale centers and large retail outlets. For example, these young people shopped at the Cherkizovsky market, I don’t know where they moved after it closed. For comparison: a store operating in the same village, where the guys regularly trade, purchases from wholesale stores in the Tver region. Fifthly, how to determine the range and groups of goods. They say that it is most profitable to trade meat and other perishable goods. But there are two restrictions: trade in such products is allowed during the cold season (in the spring - until April 1), and traffic cops “withdraw” their share on the way to the point. Otherwise, sellers, in order to determine how to make money in the village, focus, as in all other businesses, solely on demand. In the outlets that I met, they sold everything from threads and needles to underwear. There are a lot of little things that are needed in everyday life and the household. It seems to me that gardening tools It may also be in use - shovels, gardening gadgets - everything that can make life in the village easier. Sixthly, how to determine trading locations. This is also easy to study; you need to interview, travel around, talk with colleagues. I don’t know about safety on the road, except for extortions from regulatory authorities. Probably, deductions also go to the robbers. Having your own retail outlet in the village is also a way to make money in the village. There are two options, in my opinion, for creating such a point: on your own land, closer to your farm, and on rented or purchased land near the highways. As an example: for several years I have been driving past one of the villages through which the highway passes. There is a store there - “Straight Meat”, right next to the road, in the estate. There are always three or four cars parked around it. The estate has already grown to a three-story mansion, and the owner’s wealth is growing noticeably. I think it's very good idea. True, I don’t really want to live near the highway. Here is another example, an entrepreneur from a village on the shores of Lake Baikal (250 km from Irkutsk along a highway and gravel road) also decided for himself the question of how to make money in the village and built a store on his territory. It turned out to be near the road - inside the village, there is no highway there. The store is solid - made of brick, the room is not very large - about 18 square meters. meters. But instead of a porch, he has a small area, fenced with a beautiful stone fence. At this site, the entrepreneur organizes a cafe in the evenings, with music - young people come from neighboring villages. The store is open until four, staffed by the owner's wife and neighbor on shifts. He goes to the regional center to shop, it seems twice a week. I used to go every two days. Trades consumer goods, clothing and food. He doesn’t complain about his income. So here’s how to make money in the village by trading in terms of organizing your own store: for the first time, build a kiosk, not necessarily a brick one. Initial capital for first purchases. The purchasing scheme, but it is not difficult, now all major cities have hypermarkets or wholesale centers. The assortment is also not difficult to determine - I live here and know what I and my neighbors need. A car, maybe a small minibus, I don’t think it’s necessary to have a Gazelle truck for that size. A problem can arise with purchases on credit. They are inevitable - you won’t quarrel with your neighbors. Income is not the same as in the city from trade. But you can live in the countryside with much more modest expenses. Therefore, the question of how to make money in the village is not so difficult.

Well, who doesn’t want to quickly grow their business and earn a decent income? But where to start and how to organize activities legally, without attracting the attention of regulatory authorities? Let's talk about street trading: what you can and cannot do with this form of economic activity.

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What do you mean by street trading?

The sale of finished products outside of stationary premises from a car, tray or tent in areas designated by the authorities is called street trading. But there is no need to include trade in products grown in their dachas, when pensioners sell vegetables from their gardens.

No one will even argue that buying products on the street is convenient for everyone: the buyer does not waste time going to the store, and the cost is sometimes significantly lower than for similar products in the store.

Street trading is common in many European and Asian countries: you can buy a souvenir or ice cream.

Choosing a form of business activity

It is worth noting that individuals, without forming a company, it will not be possible to obtain a trade permit. You must be registered with the tax authority either as an individual entrepreneur or in another form of business activity as a legal entity.

For example, if you select the form individual entrepreneur, then you can choose a simplified taxation system and prepare easy accounting and tax reports.

Well, registration as a legal entity gives the entrepreneur a number of advantages: you can obtain permission to trade any product, provided that its sale is permitted on the territory of Russia. But reporting is also becoming more complicated; it will be necessary to carry out activities according to established rules, and prepare monthly reports to regulatory organizations.

Where and how to get a permit to sell on the street

When buying products on the street, the buyer must be sure that they are safe for health, but this is not the only reason why it is necessary to obtain permission. The retail space must be properly equipped to ensure the safety of customers.

The permit is issued by the local administration, and you should apply there first. But before submitting an application, you must first determine how the trade will be conducted: from a stall, tent or kiosk. They do not have a separate room for buyers, but at the same time it occupies some area.

You can also engage in mobile trading using carts and light vehicles.

Then select, in your opinion, a suitable place where you plan to organize trading place. By Russian legislation any registered entrepreneur has the right to apply to the authorities to obtain small area land for commercial activities for rent, for a fee.

Please note that if you are going to rent land for commercial activities, you cannot use it, for example, for car parking.

Sequence of actions to obtain a permit for street trading:

1. Register as an individual entrepreneur or legal entity, choose a taxation regime: simplified tax system or UTII.
2. Register with the pension and insurance fund if you intend to hire employees.
3. Submit an application to the local administration department dealing with street trading issues. The following package of documentation must be attached to the application:
   • A map of the area to indicate the future location of the retail facility.
   • Original and photocopy of the certificate of registration as an individual entrepreneur or legal entity.
   • Original and photocopy of a certificate from the tax office stating that tax registration has been carried out.
   • For legal entities - original and photocopy of the organization's charter.
   • Original and photocopy of the applicant's general passport.
   • Documentary confirmation of the absence of tax debts to the state.

   Permits can be issued only in places designated for these purposes; they are determined by the territorial plan, which is approved by the administration.

4. The issue of obtaining permission can be considered within 10 working days from the date of submission of the application. An entrepreneur may be allowed or denied street trading.
5. If the decision is positive, then the entrepreneur receives a passport to the outlet. If the entrepreneur is refused, then he is given the minutes of the meeting, which spells out all the reasons for the refusal to the applicant. Such reasons include non-compliance with traffic safety requirements, poor sanitary conditions or non-compliance with environmental requirements.
6. Lease agreement for the site where the retail outlet will be located.
7. If additional resources are used for street trading technical means, for example, in the manufacture cotton candy or sale of inflatable balls, a technical examination of the equipment and an expert opinion on the possibility of use in the process of economic activity are required.
8. If there are gas or water pipes supplies, then conclusions from these organizations on the safety of using the site for trade purposes.
9. Medical examination of the state of health, medical record of the employee of the outlet.

All this concerns trade in unlicensed goods, but if trade in alcoholic products is intended, then permits are required for this economic activity additionally.

If trading operations will be carried out through easy vehicle, then it is necessary to have a conclusion about technical condition transport, conclusion of the sanitary and epidemiological station with permission to use it for trade purposes.

It is also necessary to provide a list of goods that will be sold on the street, and an agreement on the removal of garbage that will inevitably appear during the work process. If hiring is expected foreign citizens, then their registration documents and obtained work permits will be required.

Obtaining a license

Trade in alcoholic beverages is subject to mandatory licensing, but only legal entities can obtain it; it is impossible for individual entrepreneurs to obtain a license, this is established by our legislation. Trade is also subject to licensing medicines, hunting products, such as ammunition, veterinary or children's products.

What is required to obtain a license to sell alcohol?

Contact the licensing authority and write an application containing the following information:

• About the legal entity, company name and form of economic activity: LLC, OJSC, CJSC. Postal address and zip code of the company and the place where trade will be carried out. Extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities.
• Name of the product group that requires licensing.
• TIN of the organization, confirmation of registration of the company for tax purposes.
• OKEVD of economic activity, issuance of the license for which he is requesting.

In addition to the application, you will also need:

• Constituent documents of the company.
• Receipt of payment of the license fee.

Typically, the decision to issue a license is considered within five working days, and based on the results of the review, the entrepreneur receives a trade license, which will confirm the legality of the entrepreneur’s activities.

Taxation and reporting on street trading

You can independently choose the tax regime when registering with the tax office; it must be indicated when applying for a permit:

• UTII, imputed tax is paid. It is determined based on the location of the outlet and the area of ​​the premises. If total area is 5 m 2, then the established profit will be 9,000 rubles, this amount is multiplied by 6%, the tax amount payable is obtained. But there is also a correction coefficient, which is established by local governments. Tax is paid every quarter, and a declaration based on the results of activities is submitted at the same time. To switch to another type of taxation, they submit an application to the tax authority at the place of registration of the retail facility to change the tax regime.
• With a patent taxation system, you first need to obtain it; the validity period can vary from six months to a year. If trade will be carried out only in the warm season, then you can obtain and pay a patent, that is, a tax, for this period. Under this tax regime, no reporting is required, since the tax is paid upon the purchase of a patent.
• USN, this regime offers a choice of tax payment system: income minus expenses, or only taxation of income. It is better to choose the first option, then the tax amount will be calculated based on actual indicators. A declaration of income received is submitted at the end of the reporting period, and the tax amount can be paid in stages. But with this type of taxation, actual confirmation of profit is required, and this is only possible if you have cash registers registered with the tax office.

Fines and sanctions for minor retail trade without permission:

1. If trade is carried out without organizing an individual entrepreneur or other type of economic activity - the amount of the fine is from 500 to 3000 rubles.
2. If trade is carried out in unidentified or unauthorized goods, the fine for an individual entrepreneur is 1-3 thousand rubles, for a legal entity from 10 to 30 thousand, if not permitting documents– 10-20 thousand.
3. If economic activity is carried out in a place other than the one for which the permit was issued, from 500 rubles to 2.5 thousand.
4. If the product is not licensed, for example, the sale of children's clothing requires a mandatory license, the fine will range from 500 to 2000 rubles. And in some cases, for example, selling alcoholic beverages without a license, entails penalties including confiscation and payment of 20 to 100 times the minimum wage in the form of fines.

Why does the government control street trading?

Of course, when going home, it’s good to buy some greens or early vegetables, but if they sell dairy products in violation of all established sanitation standards, then it’s time to think about the health of the townspeople. The authorities believe that all street trading should be under the control of the authorities, and then the health of city residents will not suffer.

Who supervises

The authorities controlling street trading include:

• Sanitary and epidemiological station, it checks the compliance of food products with accepted storage standards and conditions of sale: if they are expired or the goods are stored improperly, for example, on the floor and not on shelves.
• Employees of Rospotrebnadzor and the police may make administrative protocols on the imposition of penalties in case of violation of trade rules, and tax office controls the registration and availability of permission for this type of economic activity.

Sales of food products

Recently, tents have become widespread fast food, for example, hot dogs and tea. But for an organization like this trading activities you need to go through a number of approvals: at the sanitary and epidemiological station about the compliance of the premises and equipment with established standards, obtaining medical books for employees and sanitary passports for products.

You also need permission from the fire inspectorate; it must issue an order on the possibility of organizing a retail outlet in a certain area, that is, practically permitting economic activity. With everyone necessary documents come to local authorities and ask for permission to sell a product group of goods to the public.

Retail trade: conditions

As is clear from our article, it is possible to organize the sale of goods at retail, in street conditions. For some product groups you need not only a trade permit, but also a license, that is, the right to sell a certain group of goods.

But you can start trading only after notifying the Rospotrebnadzor authority about the creation of a new retail outlet; this is regulated by the PP “On the notification procedure for carrying out economic activities.”

The procedure for conducting outbound trade

Any trading activity outside a stationary premises can be carried out only after obtaining permits; this also applies to away trade, for example, participation in fair events. Since it is intended to transport products, you need to provide a vehicle registration certificate and a certificate from traffic police officers about the condition of the car.

Among non-stationary types of trade, mobile shops have recently become especially prominent. During fairs, it can cover a lot of profitable points, bringing in significant amounts of income. Its mobile nature allows it to move throughout the region, maximizing its potential. In such conditions, the payback of the auto shop is a matter of several months successful work, which means it is another option worthy of consideration for a number of promising sections of ours.

The number of mobile retail outlets today is actively progressing, which is due to the following factors:

1. Ease of organizing a business.

2. Low level of risks, low requirements for entering the field of entrepreneurship.

3. Mobility allows you to change places of trade, quickly deploying to more advantageous positions.

4. There is no need to hire a large staff, there is no need to rent premises. Cash register It is also not required for outbound trade.

5. Minimum extraneous costs.

Initial investment

The amount of starting investment for organizing such a business is at least 400,000 rubles (in case of savings on equipment and assortment). This includes the following expense items:

1. Direct purchase of a mobile shop. The car model can be any. The most convenient option for business and the most common option among the population is GAZelle. A new car will cost you 600,000 rubles, while a used one can be purchased for half the price. If you have limited starting capital, you can opt for a used car, but this may (not in 100% of cases) require frequent repair costs.

2. Formation of an assortment of goods. The approximate cost of the first batch of goods is from 50,000 rubles. The products offered by the auto shop can be different: food (vegetables, fruits, meat, eggs, groceries, drinks, as well as fast food), household chemicals, stationery, books. Important clarification: drive-thru stores are prohibited from distributing any alcoholic beverages.

3. In addition, organizational costs include the formation of the design and decoration of the auto shop in accordance with the theme of the goods offered. This item is not required, but it may add mobile point a special flavor that will make it more attractive to buyers.

You can use both your own funds and funds received from various sources for the organization, such as:

Credit resources;

Car shop leasing;

Program state support entrepreneurs;

Affiliate program, private investments.

This is interesting: read our other publications - , .

Business registration

Outbound trading activities are registered in the local tax service in the status of individual entrepreneurship. The registration procedure takes only five working days and costs only 800 rubles.

The next step is submitting an application to switch to the simplified tax system or UTII (tax system). Alternatively, you can purchase a patent. If you leave this issue unattended, your business will be subject to general systems taxation, and you will be required to pay all taxes specified in the tax code.

UTII is the most convenient tax regime for the activities of a car shop. On the other hand, you need to consider the issue individually: it is possible that purchasing an annual patent (costs some money, but allows you to work without providing any reporting) will be more profitable solution for business.

Permitting documentation

To obtain permission to carry out outbound trading, you must visit the department of trade and entrepreneurship in the city administration. Here, according to annual plan placement of mobile trade objects, you will be assigned certain places where you can carry out trade.

Organizing mobile business, you must maintain contact (and in no case spoil relations) with representatives of local authorities, since throughout your activities you will often encounter inspection authorities who will periodically inquire about your compliance with all trading rules. Typically, inspectors are often sent by competitors. At the next visit of authorized persons who threaten with unknown reasons, feel free to call the administration’s sales department and clarify the essence of the research. In most cases, the problem will disappear immediately after the call.

In turn, the administration may ask you for a counter favor - to organize trade in remote populated areas with a low population and a complete absence of any retail outlets. The local administration is subordinate to the regional leadership, which strives to uniformly provide food to the entire region. Don’t consider it difficult to go to the outback to work at least once a week and your efforts will pay off. The administration will not remain in your debt and will provide support at the right time.

In accordance with Decree No. 584 of the Government of the Russian Federation (dated July 16, 2009), you will also need to notify Rospotrebnadzor about the start of trading activities. In the next three years, you can’t expect any inspections from this organization: an unscheduled visit is usually accompanied by quite significant reasons.

Another document that is extremely necessary in case of inspection is a certificate confirming the food safety of trading activities. This certificate is often issued directly by the manufacturer of the automobile shop (certified by the SES).

Finally, when selling food products, the seller must have with him medical record with all the necessary marks for passing a medical examination. It can be obtained from the regional SES office.

Let's sum it up

Mobile trading using a mobile store is a fairly profitable idea for business, even despite high level competition. Low level of investment coupled with high performance profitability make the auto shop a very attractive option for budding entrepreneurs.