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The porch must be attached to the house if the height of the basement of the foundation does not allow you to immediately leave the room. Through choice optimal option a porch made of wood not only increases the comfort of using the building, but also improves its appearance.

There are a huge number of design options, but there are only two architectural options.

We'll tell you step by step instructions creation of both types, indicating features and secrets construction work. But first we should consider general requirements to all elements of the porch.

Requirements of building codes and regulations for structures

1. Site requirements.

   

   Can be located on separate vertical supports or fixed to one side façade wall. There is one recommendation regarding the size - the width should allow at least two people to separate without any problems, in most cases 1.5 meters is enough. In addition, the platform must allow the door to be opened by a person entering from outside.

   

   There is one limitation in height - the level of the platform should be three to five centimeters below the level of the bottom plane of the doors. This is explained by the fact that the porch in winter period it will rise over time, if you do not make a gap, the doors may jam. For safety reasons, the entrance doors must be opened outwards, and the difference in height eliminates the negative consequences of heaving of the earth during freezing/unfreezing.

2. Requirements for steps.

   

   The width of the staircase is at least a meter, the height is approximately 16–18 cm, the length of the steps is 25–32 cm. How to calculate the parameters of the steps? For example, the height of the platform is 120 cm, divide this value by 18 cm and get 120:18 = 6.66. We round to the nearest whole number, in the end we should have 7 steps. The distance between them is 120:7 = 17.14 cm. You can make six steps 17 cm high, and the last or first 17 + (0.14 × 6) = 17.8 cm. This makes it much easier to make porch parts. If you have chosen the length and width of the steps to be 30 cm, then the lower support point of the stairs should be at a distance of 7 × 30 cm = 210 cm from the edge of the platform. That's all the calculations, simple and accessible, there is no need to study complex formulas.

   

Select only high-quality lumber for making a porch; avoid damage from pests, diseases, rotten knots and through cracks. Only moisture-resistant species: coniferous or hard trees. It is also not recommended to use boards with significant natural developmental defects.

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Construction boards

It is advisable to treat the materials several times with antiseptics.

Be sure to use reliable waterproofing for all elements with concrete surfaces.

Take all possible measures to prevent water from accumulating on steps and landings. You can make them with a slight slope or leave gaps of 2–3 mm between individual boards.

For final paint coating, use only quality paints. They must be wear-resistant, resistant to moisture and harsh ultraviolet radiation. Another requirement is that when painting surfaces, strictly follow the manufacturers’ recommendations; do not try to simplify the technology by skipping some steps. Remember that no wooden structures in the house, operated in such difficult conditions. It is very difficult to restore the original appearance of the paint; you will have to completely remove the old coating. Such work requires a lot of effort and time, and even completely getting rid of traces old paint rarely succeeds.

Foundation requirements

A wooden porch is placed on a separate foundation; there is no need to tie it to the existing ribbon under the house. Two types of foundations can be used for the structure: columnar or poured reinforced tile. Both are equivalent in load-bearing characteristics and performance indicators.

The main task of porch foundations is to keep the weight light. As for swelling, it is not economically feasible to combat this phenomenon. We have already said above that in order to eliminate negative consequences The porch area is located below the door opening plane. Columnar foundation will cost a little less, but there are more problems with it during installation. It is necessary to maintain the horizontal plane of all columns, after the concrete has hardened, adjust the bearing surface according to the water level, make formwork, etc.

If possible, it is better to pour a reinforced concrete slab approximately 5–10 cm thick. The slab, among other things, will prevent plants from growing under the porch. You will have to constantly fight them, and getting to them is difficult due to the small height of the structure.

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Concrete mixers

Step-by-step instructions for building a log porch

The most durable and strong design gives the house an original and solid look. You can make canopies from logs over the porch, enclose the area with railings with carved or turned balusters, and use other decorative elements in a rustic style.

To make such a porch, you will need not only materials, but also the ability to work with an ax, chisel holes, chop logs for locking, etc. The design of a chopped porch must prevent the accumulation of moisture in the internal joints, otherwise the likelihood of putrefactive processes increases sharply. Therefore, do not use the lower bowl when building a porch; the bowl should always lie upside down on the logs being connected. If it is difficult to chop the bowl, then make joints in the okhryap, they are much easier when chopping and allow you to use a chainsaw. Best tree for a wooden porch - larch or oak, but you can also use cheap conifers.

Step 1. Making a concrete base.

We chose the concrete slab option. Use pegs to mark the area according to the estimated dimensions of the porch, check the angles; if two diagonals have the same length, then the angles are 90°.

The depth of the hole for the slabs is within 30–40 cm; for backfilling, use a sand and gravel mixture. Level and compact each layer approximately 10 cm thick. It is recommended to water it with water before compacting.

For concrete, you can take 3-4 buckets per bucket of cement sand and gravel mixture, the thickness of the slab is approximately 5–10 cm, be sure to use construction reinforcement of a periodic profile Ø 5–8 mm. To reduce the amount of moisture penetrating from the soil into the concrete, place two layers of roofing felt or other material on the backfill. waterproofing material. From edged boards up to 10 cm wide, prepare the formwork and install it in place under the level.

Important. The upper edges of the formwork boards serve as guides during leveling of the concrete. To drain water, install formwork with a slope of approximately 2–3 cm from the foundation of the house.

Secure the position of the formwork with wooden or metal stops, driving them flush with the boards so that they do not interfere while leveling the concrete. Pour half the thickness of concrete into the formwork, level it and lay the reinforcement, pour the second layer and level the top surface with an even block. Compact the mixture well and remove any air pockets. Leave the structure for 7–10 days to harden.

Level the mixture with a shovel and a rule

While the slab is gaining strength, you can begin preparing the lumber.

Step 2. Making blanks for the stairs and platform.

To work, you need to have logs with a diameter of at least 30 cm (the width of the step).

In this way, blocks are prepared both for the steps and for the platform.

Step 3. Adjust all the blocks for the steps to the same width.

We have already mentioned that the width of the steps can vary from 25 cm to 32 cm. Select the specific size taking into account the thickness of the logs in such a way as to reduce the amount of waste. Draw cutting lines on the front surface of the block, cut with a saw or cut with an ax excess material, straighten the cut. To prevent subsequent chipping, chamfer slightly. In the same way, finish all the blanks for the platform and steps.

Step 4. Preparing the lower (side) logs.

The first porch crown consists of two side bottom logs, a step and a capping log. All logs must be sanded and the dark top layer removed with a scraper.

Place them on a concrete slab and measure out the same height. At the end, draw a horizontal line of the edge, transfer the dimensions to side surfaces in the same way as was done during the manufacture of the blocks. Use a saw or ax to remove excess wood and level the surfaces.

Practical advice. Due to the fact that concrete slab has a slope, mark the logs with the thick end outward. This will reduce the amount of wood removed during leveling.

To avoid mixing up the parts when assembling the porch, number them or otherwise mark them. To make the webbing easier, make small slits at a distance of approximately 2–3 cm.

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Chainsaw

Step 5. Marking the first crown.

Place the first step piece on the lower logs, align it in width, and measure the overall height. Due to the fact that we assumed the distance from the concrete to the platform of the first step to be 30 cm, measure the actual height of the assembled workpieces. The difference in values ​​gives us the depth of the castle. In the same way, mark the fixing log on the other side of the lining logs. Mark the width and position of the bowl plane. We have already mentioned that we choose the simplest option for connection.

Step 6. Making the bowl.

First, use a saw to cut along the lines to the depth of the bowl, then make several cuts in the middle. There is no need to cut to the full depth; leave a few millimeters to prevent mistakes. In the future, if necessary, the excess thickness will be removed. Make the same bowls on the lower logs.

Important. Under the lower logs, be sure to use pads made of any materials that do not absorb moisture. Cut them to size, drill holes and attach them to the bottom plane of the lining logs with screws or nails. The distance between the linings is approximately 40–50 cm.

Step 7. Making the second crown.

Lay the logs and measure how much you need to remove their ends so that the plane is horizontal. If there are differences of a few centimeters, no problem. This position will improve the flow of water from the steps. Using the method described above, mark the position of the bowls, mark the height of the excess logs, which will subsequently have to be removed. Cut a longitudinal groove and a bowl, install the side logs in place; there is no need to put anything in the groove. Check their position; if the upper crown is loose, then the cause of this phenomenon should be found and eliminated.

We check the horizontalness of each log

Step 8. Measuring and cutting out the second stage bowl.

Don't forget to incline. The protrusion of the second step above the ends of the logs should not exceed 2–3 cm, otherwise the effective width of the stairs will be significantly reduced. Do not forget that all bowls should be positioned bottom up, this means that it is not done in the lower longitudinal logs. Due to this technique, water does not accumulate in the recesses, the wood dries quickly and is not subject to putrefactive processes.

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Construction levels

To prevent the steps from moving, fasten them with long wood screws, two on each side. For screws, you first need to drill holes with a diameter 1–2 mm less than the diameter of the metal body. Make the heads of the hardware flush with the surface of the step.

Before final fixation, check the position of the steps again, including the slope. Control the quality of the hew with a level. No need to be perfect flat surface, the main thing is that the elements are stable. Small gaps speed up the removal of moisture, which has a positive influence on the condition of the wood. Use the same technology to make and install all the crowns. The quantity depends on the size of the porch. At the last crown, logs are laid under the platform. The last crown is fixed to the penultimate one with dowels, the process is the same as during the construction of a log house.

Practical advice. To make it easier to make a bowl in the blocks of the site, stitch the logs upper crown the same width. This will allow you not to measure each bowl separately, but to make it the same for all elements.

Level the upper surface of the platform with a plane. At the same time, finally trim the ends of the logs of the platform and steps. Stretch the thread between the outer ones, make marks and saw off the protruding end parts with a saw.

Step 9. Installation of railings.

For the racks you can use turned balusters, the height is approximately 1 meter. To securely attach the racks to the steps, you need to make a spike, measurements approximately 5x5 cm. The spike is inserted into the hole in the steps and logs of the platform.

Important. The tenon should fit into the groove with force; do not rush to immediately adjust all the balusters to the same size. Exact adjustment is done for each separately.

The railings can be attached to the balusters with metal squares, self-tapping screws, or you can also make a tongue/groove connection. Specific option fixation depends on the shape of the railings and balusters. Spikes are much easier to make on a circular saw. Mark the start and end lines of the tenon on the machine table; this will speed up the work and eliminate mistakes. Using an ax, remove the sawn sections and slightly level the surfaces of the tenons.

How to choose holes for tenons in steps?

1. Mark the position of the holes. Make marks under the stretched rope; they should all lie strictly along the same line.
2. Drill holes in the steps, drill in the corners small diameter(approximately Ø 20 mm), drill out the middle with a large drill. Make sure that the tool is in a vertical position, otherwise problems will arise. big problems. The defect will have to be corrected; during corrections, the size of the hole will inevitably increase. To prevent the balusters from wobbling, you need to place wooden wedges, but over time they dry out and the strength of the connection is compromised.
3. Use a chisel to make holes. This work is difficult and long, but do not despair. It will take a lot of time to make the first hole, then you gain experience and the work progresses much faster. To prevent the bottom of the step from falling under the hole during chiselling, remove it and place it so that the place under the hole rests on a flat board. To control the size of the holes, you can make a template with the sizes of the tenons. With its help, not only linear dimensions are checked, but also verticality.

Step 10. Installation of racks.

At making the right choice porch for country house you need to take into account your budget and desires and consider finished photos. Our article will provide you with information about the types of porches, with all possible shapes, a variety of materials and examples of finishes.

To decide on a porch design, you need to take into account not only the preferences of the home owners, but also its features. According to the designers, the style of the canopy and railings should match the style of the roof and balcony of the building. For example, for a building with a gable a roof will do the same canopy over the porch.

For forged balconies and window bars, it is advisable to select railings with the same forging patterns. At the same time, you should worry about the similar design of arches, columns and other decorative elements.

Types of house porch design

• Open is the most common option for entering the house. Open porch mounted with railings, a canopy, decorated with decor that can be moved into the house in winter.
• Closed - for wall design they use glass (transparent or translucent), polycarbonate, or you can use simple mosquito net. Closed porch It is comfortable to use as an additional hallway; in such a room it is cozy and convenient to relax at any time of the year.
• Hanging - the need for such a porch comes from the design of the landscape next to the building or the presence of a basement floor. Hanging design similar to a balcony.
• The porch-terrace is designed with an open area to relax in the fresh air.

According to the shape of the projection, the porch can be rectangular or round.

An important place when designing a porch is the choice of materials. To date concrete structures began to enjoy great popularity. Their convenience lies in the fact that concrete is easy to paint and decorate with tiles and stones. It is also possible to design a porch using wood, metal, stone and brick.

Pay attention! House in Provence style - 150 photos of unusual design ideas

TO wooden house A wooden porch is best. Moreover, wood is an environmentally friendly material and creates an extraordinary feeling of coziness and comfort. This solution has become popular not only among wooden houses, but also brick. They are installed on a base made of metal, concrete or wood.

Which tree is the most suitable? Of course, pine - it is used in 80% of cases. It's comparative cheap material, which will serve you for many years. The main thing is reliable sealing, varnishing and painting. Although, as practice shows, when several materials are used at once, the result is a stunning architectural composition.

DIY porch to the house

Let's start with an example of installing a wooden porch. To manufacture it, first of all, you need to have a design drawing. Using boards and other materials, all parts are made. Electric jigsaw will be needed to create leading supporting elements and stringers. But for the manufacture of complex design details, such as railings, it is better to seek help from a specialized workshop. There you can also ask for help in developing a professional set of drawings so that the dimensions of the house and additional requirements are taken into account.

Assembly must begin with the supporting parts. We must not forget about using building level to check horizontality at each construction step. Remember! In order for the porch to serve you for a long time and reliably, it is better to install it along with the construction of the house.

Porch with canopy

Approaching any house, the first thing we notice is the canopy. And depending on the appearance, the impression of the home itself is formed. Therefore, it is so important to pay attention to the design of this part of the house. What will it be like? It all depends on your financial capabilities and imagination.

The main function of the canopy is to provide a presentable appearance and protect the entrance to the house from the elements of the weather. Therefore, the first is a definition with materials of manufacture. Then - determining the shape and design of the canopy. And the last thing is the installation of the structure.

Choosing roofing material, should be studied technical specifications all proposals and choose the most suitable option. Let's look at some of them:

• Polycarbonate is the most popular material. The visor has a beautiful translucent appearance, resistant to temperature changes, flexible, impact-resistant, fire-resistant. Disadvantage - poor transfer of UV radiation, so it should be treated immediately protective layer, so that the canopy does not become cloudy and lose its appearance after a couple of years.
• Metal – inexpensive option, but working with it is much more difficult, since you need to use welding or mounting bolts. Such a visor will last a long time and reliably if it is protected from corrosion and the surface is periodically maintained.
• Metal tiles have an excellent appearance and will last an unlimited amount of time. It is quite light, durable, does not require unnecessary maintenance and is easy to install. Metal tiles will have an attractive appearance and look great with any type of frame. The disadvantages are the lack of sound insulation and strong heating in summer time year.
• Corrugated sheeting has the same advantages as metal tiles. The advantages include ease of use due to the large area of ​​the sheets, affordability and ease of installation, as well as no need for additional painting, practicality and durability.

When choosing a design, it is important to consider the roofing material, canopy parameters and drainage side.

According to the method of installation, it can be supporting (heavy structure reinforced with wood beams or metal pipes), suspended (has small size and mounting on an external wall).

By form:

• flat - such a visor is mounted open and is made of any material;
• gable - will save you from rain, wind and snowstorm; you can use different materials for construction;
• three-slope - done on metal frame made of metal tiles or corrugated sheets, reliable and easy to protect from blizzards and rain;
• metal - made by forging. This version of the canopy will be large, have a representative appearance, and require especially strong walls for decoration;
• polycarbonate – will protect from wind and dust; due to its flexibility, the canopy can be easily shaped into an arch, a tent or an umbrella, which is why designers love to use it.

Whatever your decision about choosing a porch, always sensibly assess your capabilities. Remember that it is better to order complex elements from a specialized company, and in order to complete them flawlessly individual works, necessary additional training from professionals.

And don’t forget about working drawings, materials, tools, photos of a porch for a private house and accessories that will be necessary for planning future actions.

Photo of the porch of a private house

The first thing people see when they come to visit is the porch, a kind of calling card of the owner of the house. It is important that it is not only beautiful, but also durable. A wooden porch that you can build with your own hands looks especially cozy. In this article we will tell you how to make a porch with a canopy made of wood using examples of ready-made projects.

How to build a foundation on stilts

A wooden porch is a fairly easy structure; it doesn’t have to be complicated. strip foundation. If staircase design built using stringers (strings), then a foundation on supports is sufficient.

Advice! As piles, good wood will do coniferous species, it is durable and does not rot even in humid climates.

Attention! In order to make such a structure more stable, we attach the outer support to the wall of the house with hardware (screws or nails).

Making steps

We calculate the number of steps. The main thing here is to adhere to several rules:

• the number of steps must be odd;
• The width of the steps should be 36-45 cm, the height no more than 20 cm.
• The width of the porch is taken to be at least one and a half widths front door.

We outline the profile of future bowstrings on a board. Because the support is connected to the logs on the porch, then we cut out spikes on the bowstrings and stringers.

Attention! If you want to build a porch with a patio or attic, then you need to install two auxiliary stringers and bowstrings for the stability of the structure.

To attach stringers and strings with lags, a tongue-and-groove design is used. To do this, you need to screw a board with grooves to the platform log, into which the spikes of the bowstrings and stringers are mounted. For reliability, the structure is reinforced with steel brackets.

The final stage of making the porch

1. First you need to lay boards on the area in front of the entrance. The boards are adjusted as close to each other as possible, because over time the wood will still dry out and come apart. Some experts believe that it is necessary to leave a distance of 2-3 mm between the boards so that water can flow there, and the distance that forms after the wood shrinks is not critical for people.
2. After this, risers and treads are laid. They are connected to each other using the tongue-and-groove principle. Using a similar method, we attach the bowstring and riser. For strength, you can additionally connect the structure with self-tapping screws.
3. A fence for the porch is made if there are more than 3 steps. On wooden porch Metal railings made of stainless steel or wood look best. You can also cover the flight of stairs with non-slip rubber mats for safety.

Rules for painting a porch

• Before applying paint, the wood must be treated with a primer. It preserves the properties of wood.
• It is not recommended to coat soft wood with transparent varnishes, because... Over time, a lot of dirt and sand accumulate in their surface. But deciduous wood, on the contrary, looks beautiful if you cover it with transparent varnish.
• It is recommended to cover a pine porch with several layers paint coating, updating it every 3-5 years.

• Re-coating is applied only after the old one has been removed.
• Mainly used for painting porches alkyd paints, they are the most resistant to abrasion. Other paints are less popular due to the harsh, unpleasant odor(oil-based), low durability (water-based) or high cost (reactive).

Making a canopy over the porch

First, choose the material for the visor:

• polycarbonate Differs in variety color range, suitable for any home design. In addition, it is strong, durable, very easy to work with, but it costs more than other materials.
• metal. A cheap and simple option for a visor. However, to make a canopy out of it, you need to have experience in welding. In addition, without additional anti-corrosion treatment, the metal visor will quickly begin to rust.

• corrugated sheeting This material is easier to work with than metal, and there is a wide variety color solutions makes it an analogue of polycarbonate, only cheaper. However, the big disadvantage is that if the top layer is damaged, this material will quickly succumb to corrosion. Thicker sheets of corrugated sheets are much more expensive.
• lightweight PVC boards. Just like corrugated sheets, they can be considered an analogue of polycarbonate. However, unlike corrugated sheeting, PVC is more durable and reliable.
• metal tiles. Great option, if you have leftover material after laying the roof. If you purchase a different material than what the roof is lined with, it will be very noticeable. Some people don't like this material because of the noise it makes from the rain.

Having chosen the material, we make a sketch of the visor. Its length will be equal to the distance from the door to extreme point canopy, and the height is calculated from the height of your house. It is also necessary to tilt the visor 20°.

We make parts for the corners from wood. We take the length of the rafters equal to the height of the canopy slope. From the corners we make struts and a wall beam. We connect the entire structure with self-tapping screws. We mount the frame above the entrance: the wall beam is fastened with screws, and the struts with anchors. As lathing we use bars or planks, which are laid out at a distance of 30 cm from each other. We lay the sheets of the selected material end to end and secure them with self-tapping screws. We fix the metal strip to the top of the slope, and the cornice to the bottom.

In conclusion, I would like to say that this technique is given as an example of making a porch. If you wish, you can come up with original design railings, decorate the canopy with forging, make a large terrace on which you can drink tea, or build a porch-patio where it would be appropriate to put beautiful flowers in pots. It all depends on your skill and imagination.

DIY wooden porch: video

DIY wooden porch: photo

Porch - element country house, which carries both functional and aesthetic meaning. This part often plays the role of a front building, emphasizing the beauty of the entire building. Porch design options are presented large number. Let's look at the features of some of them in our article.

Peculiarities

A popular material for creating a porch is wood. Metal is rarely used for this structure, almost never plastic. The design features of a project for a private house come down to the fact that it needs to be thought out in the same style as the house itself. The element should look like a single part of the building. Therefore, construction cannot begin without thoughtful style and functionality of this element.

The design of the porch can act as a contrast to the house. For example, if the building is neat but has a boring appearance, a spectacular porch will add presentability to the house. Sometimes, on the contrary, a minimum of decor is added to the porch. However, the natural characteristics of wood add natural beauty to the structure.

The functionality of the porch is to facilitate entry and exit from the doors of the house. The structure is often equipped with an additional canopy. It plays the role of protecting the entrance from adverse weather conditions.

To ensure that the operation of the porch is truly convenient, the parameters of the structure are taken into account at the design stage. However, more often the porch is an extension with parameters identical to the entrance or slightly wider than the entrance.

It is important to provide a porch to the house during the construction phase, since it must be built from the same material as the structure itself. In addition to wood and metal, concrete and brick are used to create it. Porch wood is chosen because it is inexpensive. Lumber is also easy to process, which makes it possible to make an extension yourself. Before starting work, it is worth understanding the variety of extensions.

Species

The porch of a private house can be:

• Ordinary. It includes steps with risers that can be open or closed. A regular porch can be with or without railings. Another simple porch is made low, without massive flooring, but it can be with a canopy. A simple porch attached to a private building is a successful and suitable option structures.
• A porch with a deck is called a patio in modern times. The area is often used for pots of flowers, and a resting place is set up on it. This entrance is often installed on stilts.
• Porch-terrace or veranda It is a voluminous but low porch, united by an open area near the house. A small staircase is provided to enter the veranda from the street. The veranda area is usually covered, and the terrace area is open.

By design, the elements are built-in, which are built together with the house and have a common foundation with it. Another porch can be attached. This element can be completed while already living in the house

Material

The following materials are used to make the porch of a private house:

• wood (logs, beams);
• concrete;
• metal (forged elements, steel);
• bricks or stone.

The ideal option for a timber structure would be a semi-closed or open log porch. Its execution will require skill and creative thought. Without the appropriate experience, it is unlikely to be built correctly, since you need to be able to knit a log base.

At the same time, the ability to work with wood will allow you to build porches in different styles. For example, rough-cut logs will ideally embody Russian style. You can build a patio out of logs and surround it with a timber lattice. The design of the structure is simple, but does not lose its functional features. The half-wall material can also be metal - for example, forging looks very impressive. Forged elements can be seen on the porch railings, constructed from various materials.

Concrete is a common base choice for porch steps on a brick home. Another concrete porch can be a continuation of the foundation frame house. For greater attractiveness, the concrete porch is lined with brick or decorative stone. All material for the porch is selected at the initial stage of construction, taking into account its characteristics.

If we're talking about about logs, it is usually a round assortment used in work without cutting. Essentially, it is a natural base with preserved texture, chemical and physical qualities. IN modern production technologies for processing the log base are mechanized, and the logs themselves are sold according to the GOST classification. Construction logs are beautiful, durable, and environmentally friendly.

Among the disadvantages, experts note their ability to catch fire and rot, which will not be observed if the porch is made of metal. These material features are eliminated by additional protection.

If concrete is used as the base of the porch, then it is worth keeping in mind that the main component of the material is cement, and the additional ones are water, sand, expanded clay or crushed stone. The characteristics of concrete will vary depending on the amount of added components and the quality of the mixing technology.

Brick and stone are mainly needed as facing materials. If brick is used as a base, you should choose its appropriate types. For the base of the porch, it is better to choose dense types of brick. Experts also advise not to skimp on quality and not to choose low-grade materials. For example, clinker brick is most suitable for a porch, but its price is much higher than that of the conventional ceramic option. But clinker bricks will last longer, and will not require additional finishing.

Dimensions

In addition to the material, it is important to initially decide on the size of the porch. One thing is important - the structure must provide free access to the house. The porch plays the role of a buffer zone when entering the house from the street. More optimal size The porch should ensure the free movement of objects. For example, sometimes you will have to bring large items such as a refrigerator, furniture, and household appliances into the house.

The dimensions of the extension should also ensure safe operation, especially if there are children or elderly people in the house. For example, a porch of one meter or more in height cannot be called safe without railings. The ideal width of the porch would be up to a meter wide.

It will also be attractive and comfortable to sit on wider structures. It is important to consider the height of the stairs. They should be comfortable to climb. For convenience, all steps are made the same in width, which should be about 25 cm. Optimal height steps - 12-20 cm. When arranging the upper platform, it is important to ensure that its height is several centimeters lower than the door.

Style and design

The design of the porch at the house depends on the location of this structure. If this is the front part, then the porch should serve as a business card for the building. In this home decoration it is important to consider fashion trends and skillfully combine them with personal tastes and preferences.

Porch design must do private house attractive. For example, the most current style in house building today is country. It features wood decor. The result of its use should be the atmosphere of a country mansion. Often in this design option, wood is complemented with decorative stone. These two materials combine very harmoniously and are suitable for finishing porches.

A house with a modern minimalist style will be successfully emphasized by the concrete porch design. Concrete porch You can give it any shape, add decor in the form of tiles, or you can leave it without any coating. This idea allows you to emphasize the texture of the wall decoration and the attractiveness of their colors.

IN modern design Brick is often used. It is believed that this material is not only attractive, but also reliable. Natural stone is no less durable. Designers often use different varieties of this material. All of them perfectly resist unfavorable weather conditions and do not require additional maintenance. Natural stone goes well with monumental columns, sculptures and other elements of the Empire style.

Metal is often used in porch decoration. Forged canopies, railings and decoration elements are already familiar. The advantage of forged structures is their strength, and therefore their service life. WITH forged elements the building acquires a special architectural sophistication. A carved porch becomes a real decoration of a home.

How to build with your own hands?

The design of the extension is always related to the architectural design of the structure. Important has the height of the base and the landscape features of the site. The design may have one or more bases with one or two ladders. The staircase is equipped with internal and external supports. The internal part is the part fixed to the crown of the house. For the outer part, a monolith is poured or columns (piles) are driven in.

If the porch staircase includes one or two steps, the railings do not need to be installed. If there are more steps, handrails are required; they must match general design designs.

A canopy may be required to protect the site from rain and snow. A home craftsman can make an ordinary porch out of wood.

To comply with the technology, consider the following stages of activity:

• calculation and planning;
• definition of materials;
• frame definition;
• construction of the structure.

The size of the extension is important in order to pour the foundation correctly. Later it is worth comparing the dimensions of the stairs with the distance to the entrance. Average length and the height of the step is 15*15 cm. There should be 2-4 cm left before the front door.

For a simple wooden porch you will need the following materials:

• bars for beams and rafters - 10-20 cm;
• boards for the platform and steps 5*15*20 cm;
• cement and gravel for the base.

Tools:

• file;
• hammers;
• nails;
• meter.

The foundation is the main structure. For a simple wooden porch, a base on stilts is suitable. You can make the design with your own hands quickly and inexpensively. The structure for the piles requires holes approximately 80 cm deep. The piles themselves can be made of timber, but the wood for them needs to be processed protective equipment. The installed piles are backfilled and compacted with earth. The base can be filled with concrete, but then all subsequent stages will be possible only after the mixture has completely hardened. It is important that the height of the supports is the same. After leveling, the cuts are prepared. They are needed to fix the base strapping. Reliable strapping minimizes the possibility of lag deformation. Some craftsmen attach the structure to the wall of the structure for reliability.

The ladder is made by forming a bowstring. This element comes with cut-out ledges, inserted or mortise steps. To ensure that the recesses for the feet are the same, a pattern is prepared, the dimensions of which correspond to the tread and riser. Using the pattern, markings are prepared along the bowstring itself.