Good afternoon to all readers of the ShkolaLa blog! How's your school life? Just a little more, and there will be time to take a break, because the first ones of this school year are coming soon.

Everyone slowly got into the rhythm of work, got used to the fact that some people need to change into a physical education uniform almost every day in the morning, some start their school day with numbers, and some wake up to music and active movements with an artistic brush. Who has something “for breakfast for the mind”, and the reason for this is the established school lesson schedule.

We, parents, are sometimes indignant at why children need to run cross-country in the morning, only to sit at their desks in the second lesson, sweating in half-damp clothes. Why not make literature the first lesson, and leave the logic of mathematics for “after lunch”.

And really, are there any rules for drawing up a lesson schedule, who is responsible for this important process at school, and what is this most responsible official guided by when distributing the teaching load?

Correct school schedule is the key to successful studies

And this has long been a proven fact. A lesson schedule correctly compiled by school teachers is a direct relationship with school grades in the class register, because it helps to maintain efficiency throughout not only the entire school day, but also the entire calendar week and even the entire quarter.

Do teachers really know that in the literal sense of the word the health of each student and his educational potential are in their hands, which can be crossed out with one movement of a stationery pen?

So let’s check how much our primary schools strive to make it easy for children to learn. So, what do you need to consider when creating your school lesson schedule?

Here is a sign showing the difficulty of lessons in elementary school according to SanPin:

mathematics – 8 points

Russian and foreign languages ​​– 7

environment and computer science – 6 points each

literature – 5

history – 4

drawing and music – 3 points each

technology – 2

physical education – 1

Well, at least start every morning with music and drawing and finish with physical education!

Some teachers use the Sivkov tablet, developed in 1975, which is wider and intended for all eleven grades.

By the way, if you know your child’s lesson schedule, you can build your own camel by calculating the number of points for each day of school. Does it turn out to be a hump by Tuesday-Wednesday? This means that the school can be given an A for its schedule.

• Thirdly, in the correct schedule, complex subjects must alternate with simpler ones. And there is one catch: it is not recommended to put similar disciplines next to each other, for example, if complex mathematics and a foreign language can follow each other, since they are different in content, then it is better to separate Russian and literature.
• Fourthly, experts advise teachers to get away from the so-called “pairs” that are better known to students, and to avoid double lessons in the same discipline. Elementary school children, and older ones too, get very tired from such a monotonous load. Therefore, younger schoolchildren are prohibited from studying “in pairs” at all.

Alas, it is never possible to do it perfectly: either there are few teachers, or there are not enough classes.

By the letter of the law

I decided to back up the artistic word with the letter of the law. I open the Resolution of the Chief Sanitary Doctor dated December 29, 2010, number 189, which approved SanPin 2.4.2.2821-10. Hidden under this set of numbers are the requirements for organizing the learning process. We scroll through equally interesting chapters about school grounds and buildings, premises and equipment, etc. This is Chapter X, which is what we need. So:

• lessons no earlier than 8 am,
• 1st, 5th, 9th and 11th grades - exclusively in the first shift,
• three training shifts (they tried it once!) are prohibited,
• the teaching load recorded in the tablet, which cannot be exceeded.

I would like to note what a teaching load is. This is the maximum number of academic hours per week. It depends on whether you also study on Saturdays. By the way, first-graders are prohibited by law from studying on weekends. So, the academic maximum in hours for a 6-day and 5-day school week, respectively:

• 1st class - 21 hours,
• 2 – 4 grades – 26 or 23 hours,
• 5th grade – 32 or 29 hours,
• 6th grade – 33 or 30 hours,
• 7th grade – 35 or 32 hours,
• 8 – 9 grades – 36 or 33 hours,
• 10 – 11 grades – 37 or 34 hours.

Load - load is different. After all, you can teach 10 lessons a day, and then on Saturday, “drive the bulldozer.” But no, you can’t!

If a school tries to strictly adhere to the legislative framework in its work, then no head teacher or methodologist who begins to describe subjects and teachers will assign:

• more than 4 lessons for first-graders, they can do physical education the fifth time a week,
• more than 5 lessons for grades 2-4, they are allowed to sit through 5 lessons once during a 6-day school week, and the sixth will be the same physical education,
• more than 6 lessons per day for grades 5-6,
• more than 7 lessons per day for grades 7-11.

Did you immediately calculate how much it actually comes out to? Are you packing? Let's move on.

This demanding SanPin establishes the very rules for the distribution of school subjects according to complexity, which we have already mentioned, indicating to teachers that when drawing up a schedule, the main disciplines, such as mathematics, Russian and foreign languages, the environment (according to SanPin - natural history), computer science , should be “diluted” with music and fine arts, technology (in SanPin it has been called “works” since Soviet times) and physical education.

By the way, written lessons and tests cannot be given after physical education.

The chief physician of Russia orders difficult subjects to be assigned to first-graders in the second lesson, for grades 2-4 - in the second and third, for the rest - in the second, third and fourth. And it’s also important: it turns out there can be one test per day, in the 2nd, 3rd or 4th lesson.

This is really interesting - in practice this is hardly possible. If in the lower grades the teacher himself distributes the order of testing, then how will, for example, a biology teacher and an algebra teacher, or anyone else, agree in a high school?

But teachers are protected here: this is not a direct prohibition of the law, but a recommendation, so if a child first wrote a test in mathematics, and then also turned to Russian, then it is unlikely that anyone will heed your indignation.

In general, I came to the conclusion that drawing up a school schedule is actually a titanic task, although interesting at first glance. And this headache is usually entrusted to one of the deputy directors of the school in accordance with the job description. Therefore, I propose not to be too biased towards our teachers and still let small errors escape our scrutiny.

Friends, I invite you to subscribe to blog news and join to our VKontakte group to always be up to date with school events.

All the best to you!

On September 1, 2011, new SanPiN requirements came into force. A feature of the new requirements is the introduction of a detailed difficulty scale for each subject. Now the difficulty of each subject is assessed in points for grades 1-4, separately for grades 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, and for grades 10-11. When scheduling, students' heaviest workload, calculated in points, should occur on Tuesday and/or Wednesday.

Programs for scheduling "Rector 3" and "Rector-School" provide support for drawing up lesson schedules taking into account the new requirements of SanPiN. Below we will look at the sequence of scheduling when switching to new SanPiN requirements in the Rector 3 program. All actions in the Rector-School program look similar.

Our plan is this:

1. Setting up fines for violating SanPiN requirements.
2. Entering a difficulty scale for each subject.
3. Drawing up a schedule taking into account SanPin requirements.

The presentation of the material is aimed at experienced users. For beginners, we recommend that you first read the program manual.

Setting up fines for violating SanPiN requirements

The values ​​of fines for violating SanPiN requirements are set in the Parameters dialog on the SanPiN tab. To open the dialog, launch the program and in the Settings menu, select the Options command, as shown in the screenshot.

As a result, the Options dialog will open:

Go to the SanPiN tab:

As can be seen from the screenshot, in this case the values ​​of fines for violating SanPiN requirements are equal to 10. In order to give greater weight to the requirements of SanPiN, we will increase all fines to 50:

To save the new values, click OK.

Is it possible to set values ​​other than 10 and 50? Yes, you can. Fines are specified in relative units and must be non-negative numbers. The most important thing is that the fines must be balanced with each other, that is, the fines on the SanPiN tab must be balanced with the fines on the Classes and Teachers tabs.

Why are fines set separately for grades 1-9 and 10-11, since the SanPiN requirements for maximum load are the same for all classes? The requirements of SanPiN cannot be violated, but if we assume that small deviations are possible, then they are more likely for high schools and the program allows you to do this.

Entering a difficulty scale for each subject

In the new version of the program, in the file with demo data, the difficulty scale for each subject has already been entered in accordance with the new requirements of SanPiN. However, if you have been using the schedule program for more than a year, then you probably need to set the difficulty of the subjects in points again, since previously the difficulty of the subject was either constant or depended only on the level of study.

To do this, go to the Lists section on the Items page. Your list of items might look something like this:

Double-click on the line with the name of the item to open the Item Properties dialog.

Make sure that in the List of subjects according to SanPiN window, the program correctly determined the name of the subject (in the screenshot, the name of the subject “Algebra” coincides with the name of the subject according to SanPiN - “Algebra”). In some cases, the program will not be able to independently determine the name of the item according to SanPiN. First of all, this concerns languages. While the program uses the usual “Russian language,” “English language,” “German language.” etc., in SanPiN there are only “national language” and “foreign language”. If the program could not correctly determine the name of the item according to SanPiN, do it manually.

Now click on the Install button. A “green wave” will run along the difficulty scale on the left side of the dialogue and the recommended values ​​will be set.

If necessary, points can be adjusted manually.

Drawing up a schedule taking into account SanPin requirements

When automatically creating a schedule (Find button on the toolbar, see Help and Program Guide for more details), the program takes into account the requirements of SanPiN. The program window with your data may look something like this:

On the screenshot:

1. The difficulty of the subject in points for the current class is 5a.
2. Total workload of the current class on Tuesday (sum of points in all subjects on Tuesday).
3. Red color shows the day of the week on which the total load exceeds the load on Tuesday and/or Wednesday.
4. The day of the week on which the total load is equal to the load on Tuesday and/or Wednesday is shown in brown.
5. The labels of classes whose schedule has been drawn up, but in violation of the requirements of SanPiN, are shown in pale green.

The school's educational regime must correspond to the functional capabilities of students. The volume, content and organization of the educational process must ensure such a state of the body in which fatigue would completely disappear during the rest period.

The main criteria for assessing lessons in terms of students' functional abilities are difficulty and tediousness. Fatigue is characterized by a change in performance, and the difficulty of the subject is characterized by the level of performance, that is, the degree of mastery of educational material. Therefore, both factors need to be considered equally while scheduling.

When creating a lesson schedule, the following factors should be taken into account:

• performance (characteristics of work, i.e. the quality and quantity of acquired knowledge or actions at a certain time) depends on the age of a person, his individual biorhythm, time of day, day of the week, time of year, etc.;
• the degree of fatigue depends on social, psychological, biological reasons.

To reduce student and teacher fatigue in one day, proper distribution of lessons during productive and unproductive hours and days is necessary.

Subjects that require a lot of time to prepare at home should not be grouped together on the same day of the school schedule. During the most unproductive hours (from 11.30 to 14.30), lessons should be structured from a health-saving standpoint, which implies a valeological approach to organizing a lesson, a choice of forms, methods, and techniques of the lesson, changing the types of activities of students and the types of teaching of the teacher (every 5-7 minutes).

When drawing up a schedule, you can use the scales of difficulty of academic subjects developed by I.G. Sivkov (for primary school) and employees of the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents M.I. Stepanova, I.E. Alexandrova, A.S. Sedova (for students in grades 5–9)
Using the data from the tables above, you can assess whether the lesson schedule for any class is drawn up correctly.

The schedule is drawn up correctly if:

• the school has a unified schedule of classes in the first and second half of the day (for students and teachers);
• the highest number of points per day based on the sum of all subjects is for grades 8–11 – on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday; for grades 1–7 – on Tuesday and Thursday (Wednesday is a slightly lighter day);
• During the school day, “difficult” and “easy” lessons alternate;
• lessons of one subject alternate with lessons of another subject, and not doubled (exception - modular teaching technology);
• basic subjects for younger schoolchildren are taught in 2–3 lessons, and for middle and older children – in 2–4 lessons;
• The names of academic subjects in the schedule and curriculum are the same.

The schedule is drawn up incorrectly if:

• the highest number of points per day occurs on the extreme days of the week or when it is the same on all days of the week;
• “difficult” lessons are doubled;
• “difficult” lessons are scheduled consecutively;
• “difficult” lessons in the schedule in the first or last lesson;
• the number of home preparations is equal to the number of lessons.

For optimal load distribution, the following are not allowed:

• zero lessons;
• breaks lasting 5 minutes;
• double lessons in grades 1–5, exceeding 8 points on the difficulty scale, if lesson planning does not include practical or laboratory work in the second hour;
• grouping items that require a lot of home preparation into one day;
• discrepancy in the schedule of the first and second half of the day;
• discrepancy between the names of academic subjects in the schedule grid and the school curriculum.

Thus, when creating a class schedule, you need to consider:

• distribution of teaching load by day of the week;
• distribution of the teaching load for each day separately;
• alternating subjects of different types of activities;
• compliance with hygienic requirements for the lesson schedule.

To do this, the schedule is analyzed and an analytical report is drawn up based on the results.

1. The total load at the beginning and end of the week should be the least (according to the ranking scale of difficulty).
2. Tests should be carried out in 2–4 lessons in the middle of the school week.
3. The main teaching load during the day in high and middle grades should fall on lessons 2–4.
4. It is not recommended to schedule two-hour lessons on Monday and Friday.
5. In elementary school, it is unacceptable to conduct double lessons on the same subject. In this case, the degree of fatigue of children increases 7 times.
6. In the 5th grade, double lessons in one subject are permissible only in exceptional cases and subject to their alternation with easier lessons (or lessons).
7. In middle and high schools, double lessons against the backdrop of modular technology for constructing the educational process, on the contrary, help preserve the health of students.
8. Lessons that require a lot of mental effort (mathematics, Russian, physics, chemistry) are recommended to be taught first or second. Lessons on art, the surrounding world, artistic work should be conducted after a dynamic pause (third lesson), and lessons with a predominance of the motor component (rhythm, physical education) should be carried out last.
9. Classes in the second half of the day should be held no earlier than 45 minutes after the end of the last lesson of the first half of the day.
10. When arranging lessons during one school day, you should take into account the predominant activities of students in this lesson (reading, viewing, writing, active motor activity, practical work, listening, speaking, etc.) and try to alternate them.
11. The daily amount of home preparation should be less than the number of lessons in the schedule.
12. It is not allowed to conduct zero lessons!
13. Subjects that require a lot of time for home preparation (history, algebra) should not be grouped on one day of the school schedule.
14. It should be remembered that when drawing up a lesson schedule, you need to take into account the number of hours allocated by the basic curriculum for completing

Instructions

Since the late 70s of the twentieth century, to evenly distribute the load during the week, a system of ranking assessments has been used, developed by the scientist I.G. Sivko. The meaning of the system is that each of the academic subjects is assigned a certain number of points (rank). The more complex the subject, the more attention and memory it requires, the higher the rank. According to this system, (algebra, ) and language have the highest level of difficulty - these subjects are assigned 11 points each. The second most difficult is a foreign language, 10 points. Chemistry is a little easier; each subject receives 9 points when ranked. 8 points for history, 7 for literature, 6 for geography and natural science, a total of 5 points for physical education, 4 for labor lessons, 3 for drawing. The minimum load under this system is for the lessons of fine arts (2 points) and music (1 point). In addition to the level of difficulty, the dynamics of fatigue throughout the week are also taken into account. According to scientists, peak performance occurs on Wednesday and Thursday. By distributing lessons by day of the week, the total score for each day is calculated. The total load level is distributed in such a way that the maximum load occurs on Wednesday, and on Monday and Friday it is minimal.

In addition to the distribution of items by day of the week, it is also necessary to take into account daily biological rhythms. Maximum performance occurs between 10.00-11.30. It is at this time that lessons that require maximum concentration and the most difficult are planned. The first and last lessons should be subjects with a lower load.

The need for automated compilation of a school schedule, taking into account sanitary rules and regulations, has led to the emergence of a number of programs that allow solving this problem with varying efficiency. There are many such programs, and you can choose the most suitable one.

Video on the topic

Please note

The schedule is drawn up incorrectly if:
- the load is distributed evenly across all days of the week;
- on some days only lessons that require intellectual work are held, and on others - those requiring physical and creative activity;
- the highest number of points falls at the beginning and end of the week;
- subjects with the maximum number of points are taught in the first and last lessons.

Useful advice

Signs of a properly compiled schedule:
- the maximum load occurs in the middle of the week and the middle of the day;
- lessons requiring intellectual and physical activity alternate within one day;
- the most difficult subjects are taught in lessons 2, 3, 4.

Sources:

• scheduling lessons

Classes are an organized form of education for preschoolers. To organize a systematic educational process in a preschool educational institution, it is necessary to think through the schedule of classes with children. This will evenly distribute the load on the children.

Instructions

Schedules are available not only in educational institutions, but also in children's camps, sanatoriums, hospitals, etc. In this case, scheduling will depend on how different departments work. That is, your schedule must be agreed upon, for example, with the canteen workers. When creating a schedule, you can specify a lower time limit, or you can specify only an upper one. That is, you can write: “18.00 – 18.30 – dinner”, or you can write “18.00 – dinner, 18.30 – rest”. Remember that the schedule drawn up for any children's institutions must meet all standards - children must have adequate time to sleep, must eat at the same time, and the intervals between meals must be correct. All these standards are provided by the Ministry of Education and Sanitary Inspection.

If you need to create a schedule for yourself for each day, then first make a list of all the things you need to do in a day, and then, calculating how much time you will need for this or that action, create a time grid. By the way, practice shows that drawing up a daily routine saves us a lot of time, which without a schedule we spend on all sorts of nonsense.

During school holidays, the administration usually does not have much time to rest. The whole point is that you need to create a class schedule in advance, which is not a very simple matter.

You will need

• - lists of items;
• - list of teachers;
• - writing utensils;
• - paper;
• - computer.

Instructions

Make lists of items that need to be distributed among classes and. This is the most important information to know when creating your schedule. This list should contain not only the names of the disciplines, but also the number of academic hours that need to be completed in them. There are times when you need to prepare for the Unified State Exam. Then it is advisable to give two specialized lessons in a row.

Take into account the federal and regional school curriculum. Any changes within cannot go beyond their scope. Let's say you need to study literature 5 hours a week. Then try to put it every other day if it is not a core issue. For those who study the subject in depth, you can do paired lessons even for two days in a row.

Match the classes to the number of hours all teachers are expected to work. It is necessary that the hours fully correspond to the planned workload of the teacher. Exceptions may be for those who conduct additional classes during non-school hours to prepare for exams, and also teach specialized classes. If for some reason it is not possible to distribute hours fairly, discuss this issue with teachers separately.

Assign classes to each lesson. Each classroom must have all the necessary equipment to conduct the lesson. We must not allow anyone to remain without an office for any reason. So, write the classroom number next to each lesson. Enter this data into a special schedule for teachers.

Adjust the resulting general schedule. Look carefully to see if all classrooms will be free on the specified day and time. Check that all teachers will be able to complete their hours. After this, discuss some amendments with teachers and the principal. Certify the schedule, stamp it, and hang it in the designated area.

In modern preschool education, there is a transition from a lesson-based form of organizing educational activities to a play-based one. In play, children can gain new knowledge and consolidate existing knowledge, but most of all they love to play outside of class, freely expressing their ideas and plans. To ensure high-quality management of the play activities of preschoolers, the group teacher draws up a game schedule, which he focuses on when developing a long-term work plan.