Building blocks are a common material for the construction of structures for various purposes. They differ in size, components, manufacturing method, but all are popular wall structural materials. Building blocks are made in industrial conditions, V household They also make concrete products and cinder blocks, which requires a DIY building block maker. Based on the material used, these products are divided into the following types:

• slag concrete;
• concrete;
• aerated concrete;
• fiber foam concrete;
• polystyrene concrete.

Cinder blocks as a building material

Cinder block is a standard concrete product, but instead of heavy gravel and crushed stone, aggregate in the form of waste slag is used. This replacement gives the material lightness compared to concrete and additional thermal insulation properties, since slag compares favorably with heavy and dense crushed stone in terms of thermal conductivity.

The production of cinder blocks requires precise dosage of components in the solution, namely:

• cement grade not lower than 400 or 500, take one part (bucket);
• quarry sand, mix 3 parts (buckets);
• slag, burnt out brick, expanded clay, this material is added in the amount of 5 parts (buckets);
• water.

To obtain cinder blocks of the same quality as in the factory, use a solution of medium viscous consistency. A liquid solution will reduce the strength of the blocks, and a thick solution will create uncontrollable voids inside when it hardens.

Concrete blocks

Building blocks made of cement, sand and crushed stone are used for the construction of wall and other structures if increased strength is required. The ratio of components for standard concrete is taken in the ratio 1: 3: 6; other options for the concrete mixture are described in the builder's handbooks and depend on the brand of cement used, the size of the aggregate and the type of sand.

Construction sawdust blocks

For the construction of residential buildings, dachas, and cottages, light and warm wall material made from sawdust, sand and water is used. The binding component in the solution is lime. The amount of material added to the solution changes the properties of the final product. An increase in the mass of sawdust leads to an increase in thermal insulation properties, but contributes to a decrease in strength. With an increase in the amount of sand in the solution, the strength increases, while the frost resistance limit increases, which increases the performance properties of the material. Blocks are widely used in private housing construction as cladding for insulating structures.

The main advantages of the blocks are the availability of materials and low price, long service life without destruction, environmental friendliness of the material, and ease of production. The installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands is available in manufacture and is popular among home craftsmen. Sawdust concrete has an increased drying time, so several through holes are made inside the product to improve air flow.

The dimensions of sawdust blocks are not strictly regulated; their width is taken as a multiple of the wall thickness. If we talk about standard sizes, then the blocks are made according to twice the thickness of the brick (140 mm - 65x2 + 10 cm). When making sawdust stones, the dry ingredients are first mixed, then water is added, and mortar mixers are used for the work.

Aerated concrete building blocks

Their preparation involves a complex process of saturating the solution with gases, which is difficult to reproduce at home. Aerated concrete building blocks are distinguished by their lightness, high noise-insulating and heat-insulating properties.

Fiber foam concrete products for masonry

Fiber foam concrete is inherently an environmentally friendly wall material containing sand, foam and cement. High-tech machines for building blocks spray foam into the mass of the solution, it forms uniform closed particles of space. To increase the strength of the blocks, manufacturers use polyamide fiber reinforcement throughout the entire mass. This wall material is very durable, does not rot, is lightweight and durable.

Their fiber foam concrete blocks are produced various sizes. For load-bearing walls, use 20x30x60 cm, which weighs 22 kg. To build a brick wall of the same size, you will need 18 stones, they will weigh 72 kg. Blocks of smaller thickness (10 cm) are used in the construction of walls inside a building, partitions, and they are used to insulate floors and walls. The thermal conductivity of fiber foam concrete is 2.7 times less than that of brick and 2 times less than that of slag concrete and shell rock.

Large block sizes reduce the use of cement-sand mortar for masonry by 20 times compared to building a wall from small-sized stones. Fiber foam concrete does not burn, does not change shape when exposed to high temperatures and does not emit harmful impurities when heated.

Polystyrene concrete blocks

The material is classified as another type of light wall concrete blocks. It differs from standard concrete in better performance and reduced production costs. The innovative wall material surpasses all known lightweight concrete in weight, even foam concrete is one and a half times heavier. Thanks to this indicator, houses are built without the usual massive foundation, and the cost of transporting material is reduced.

The production of polystyrene foam blocks involves carefully combining cement, sand, polystyrene foam particles and special additives to retain air in the total mass. All other physical characteristics of the material put it a step above conventional materials. Low water absorption and vapor permeability make expanded polystyrene concrete resistant to repeated freezing and thawing, which affects the durability of constructed structures. After the construction of walls from standard materials, slight shrinkage occurs during the year. In the case of polystyrene foam blocks, they do not wait this long.

Installation for the production of building blocks with your own hands

For the manufacture of building structures, a special device is used that operates on the principle of a vibration processor.

Such a vibrating machine or vibrating table is designed independently. A self-made installation for the production of building blocks significantly reduces the cost of the blocks and, accordingly, the walls of the house.

Preparation of the solution

The solution is prepared from sand, cement, water and filler, which is used as various materials, as written above. To check the consistency of the solution for fluidity, throw a small amount onto the ground. A high-quality mixture does not spread in watery streams; when clenched in a fist, it sticks together into a lump.

The production of cinder blocks involves thorough cleaning of the slag from foreign debris; chips and unburned parts of coal are not allowed to get into the solution. Sometimes gypsum is added to the solution. In this case, three parts of slag and one part of gypsum are mixed, and water is introduced at the same time. This solution is quick to use as the plaster hardens in minutes. The slag is pre-soaked with water before mixing. To improve the quality of output products, modern plasticizer additives are added to the solution. Their action increases the frost resistance, water resistance and mechanical strength of the blocks.

Depending on the purpose, two types of concrete blocks are made - solid and hollow. The former are used for the construction of durable structures, load-bearing walls, and foundations. The second type of blocks is used as partition material; it insulates well from cold and extraneous sounds.

Making concrete blocks without a vibrating table

Of the two technologies, the use of a wooden form, which is designed to allow the solution to flow naturally without vibration, is in undiminished demand. Placing the solution into the prepared form is carried out in several stages. First, the container is filled with a third of the solution, after which the walls of the mold are carefully tapped with a hammer around the perimeter for high-quality shrinkage. concrete mortar. In the next two stages, the solution is added according to the original technology until the mold is filled. The production of building blocks with voids involves inserting two plastic bottles of water into the uncured solution, which are removed after setting.

The forms are left to dry for 2-5 days. Then carefully remove the blocks from collapsible design and laid out on pallets until completely dry. With this method of production there is no need to purchase.

The following tools and equipment will be needed: a sieve for sifting sand, molds for mortar, a trough for mixing or a concrete mixer, a hammer for tapping, a bucket, a shovel, a trowel, and drying trays.

Method for making blocks using a vibration machine

To do this, purchase or make your own vibrating machine for cinder blocks. A special metal form is installed on the plane of the machine, and a concrete mixture with slag filler is poured into it to one third. After this, a vibrating table is connected to the action for up to 20 seconds, which allows you to remove all unnecessary air bubbles from the solution, and the cement will receive good shrinkage. The solution is poured into the mold three times. The blocks are removed from the mold in the same way as with the vibration-free manufacturing method.

The cinder block does not tolerate drying out in hot weather in the open rays of the sun, so on hot days it is sprayed with water and covered with oilcloth or cellophane so that the moisture does not evaporate so actively. Formed, completely dried concrete blocks gain 100% strength on the 28th day, and after that they are ready for use in construction.

Features of making cinder blocks

The molds are made independently, using metal or wood; the width of the boards is at least 190-200 mm. They are connected into a prefabricated structure, the side parts of which are detached to remove the finished block. The overall design combines no more than 6 cells for laying concrete. Ready design installed on a dense, waterproof material, such as oilcloth, forming the bottom of the mold.

If wood is chosen as the material for the mold, it is pre-treated with impregnations or primers to increase moisture resistance. The molds are made from dry wood. These conditions are met, otherwise during the work the wood will move away from the water and the geometric size of the block will change. The standard dimensions of stones are 400x200x200 mm, but each private manufacturer makes blocks for their own construction.

For metal matrices, sheets with a thickness of no more than 3-4 mm are taken. When welding a structure, everything welds done from the outside so as not to round the corners of the block. The voids inside the cinder block are made using segments metal pipes suitable diameter, for example 80 mm. The distance between the pipes and the distance from the walls are controlled, the composition is welded in strips for rigidity and fixation.

If equipment is being made for the production of building blocks, then when attaching the vibrator to the table, after tightening the nuts, they are still lightly welded. The motor must be covered with a protective casing made of any material against splashes of solution, water, and dust.

Technology for the production of sawdust concrete blocks

The available materials are not pre-processed, and you can buy them at any hardware store, so the production of blocks from sand, lime and sawdust begins immediately after purchase. To mix the solution, use a concrete mixer or mortar mixer, since it is difficult to mix wood waste manually.

Dry sawdust, passed through a coarse sieve, is mixed with sand and cement. Lime or prepared clay dough is added to the solution. The resulting mixture is mixed well and only after that water is added, gradually pouring it in small portions. To determine the readiness of the solution, squeeze it in your hand, after which fingerprints should remain on the lump, which indicates the correct proportions.

Before filling the molds with the solution, they are lined with a thin layer of sawdust. Internal holes in blocks they are made using wooden plugs about 70-80 mm in size, which are installed in the matrix before pouring the solution. The material of the building blocks is placed tightly into the mold using a special tamper. The container is filled to the top and left to dry for three days. After this period, the solution gains about 40% of its required strength.

The molds are disassembled, and the blocks are dried for another four days, after which the strength becomes 70% of the required limit. Finished products are transferred to pallets and protected from direct sun rays. Drying of blocks is faster if you leave gaps between the products during storage. It is advisable to place the trays in a draft or use a fan for forced ventilation.

Sawdust concrete blocks gain 100% strength after drying for 3 months, but they can be used after a month of ventilation. At this time their strength is 90%.

Machines and equipment

To make the number of blocks required for construction, a ready-made vibroforming machine is purchased. The TL-105 brand has good performance. And although its power is only 0.55 kW, it produces about 150 concrete blocks with different aggregates per hour of operation. Its approximate cost on the market is approximately 42,800 rubles. Modern manufacturers Machine tools produce many types of machines for the production of blocks with additional functions. Prices for machines are different, and the cost of building blocks directly depends on this.

For small private construction, a 1IKS vibration machine is suitable; it costs about 17,000 rubles, the power is only 0.15 kW, such equipment produces 30 blocks per hour. When buying a machine, take into account the level of production of blocks for construction needs.

In conclusion, it should be noted that making building blocks with your own hands will greatly save money on the production of products. Cost does not take into account wages, which is paid to the employee. The cost of the block does not include overhead and production costs, taxes and other deductions, therefore, making the building material cheaper than a house.

Cinder block is one of the most popular building materials. It is made using the vibrocompression method from concrete mortar. A wide variety of buildings are erected from cinder blocks - from sheds and garages to residential buildings.

Are you planning to build something out of cinder blocks? Make them yourself! There is nothing complicated in the production technology of these concrete blocks. You need to thoroughly understand the operating procedure, find out the basic requirements and follow the recipe.

The dimensions of the cinder block are standardized - 188 x 190 x 390 mm. Each block has holes. Usually there are 3 of them. For the manufacture of building elements, a mixture of cement of a grade not lower than M400, blast furnace slag and coarse sand is used. Additional fillers and plasticizers are often added.

You can make blocks either manually using molds or using equipment with a vibrocompression function.

On average, one bag of cement is enough to make 36 blocks. The savings are obvious.

The cinder block must have the correct geometry. Even small irregularities will lead to deterioration in the quality of the masonry. To get even blocks, the molds need to be filled not just to the brim, but with a slight mound, because... During vibration, the concrete will shake slightly and settle.

Prices for different types of building blocks

Building blocks

How to prepare the solution?

There is no universal solution composition for making cinder blocks - each master has his own unique recipe. In general, you need to focus on the characteristics of the slag composition.

Components	Volume, l, per block	Compressive strength of the dried block, kg/cm2	Frost resistance of the finished block, cycles	Thermal conductivity coefficient of finished cinder block
Slag up to 8 mm	10	30-40	30	0.35-0,4
Sand up to 3 mm	1,8
Cement	2,75
Water	1,5

There is a standard “factory” recipe, you can use it as a guide. The proportions are as follows:

• slag – 7 parts;
• sand – 2 parts;
• cement - 1.5 parts;
• water – 1.5-3 parts. More details about determining the required amount of water will be discussed below.

Useful advice! Previously, standard dimensions of slag concrete blocks were given. However, for private buildings it is more convenient to use products with dimensions of 400x200x200 mm.

In addition to slag, the composition of such blocks can include ash, sawdust, gypsum, broken bricks, coal combustion products, gravel and other similar materials.

Pay special attention to determining the required volume of water. It must be added so much so that the products do not spread after formation.

You can do a simple test. Drop a handful of solution onto the ground or other surface. If it crumbled, but when squeezed back with your hands, it came back together into a single mass - the consistency is optimal.

Making cinder blocks by hand

If the planned construction is not too large-scale, the blocks can be made without a brick press.

Making a mold

We assemble a mold measuring 40x20x20 cm. If you wish, you can adjust the dimensions at your discretion. To make the mold we use metal sheets or wooden boards.

The design is extremely simple: bottom and side walls. We fasten the walls taking into account the selected width and length of the block. The height of the edges of the form must also correspond to the planned height of the building elements.

Useful advice! You can make molds with cells to make 4-6 blocks at a time - very convenient. You just need to increase the length and width of the outer edges and install partitions between them.

Prepare empty glass bottles. You will use them to create voids in the blocks.

Filling the blocks

Pour the solution evenly into the mold to the brim.

Place the bottles with the neck up in the poured mixture. We level the surface of the fill, removing excess mortar.

We wait about 5 hours and take out the bottles. We leave the cinder blocks in the molds for a day, after which we carefully remove them and lay them out in stacks on a horizontal surface.

We leave the blocks to dry for a month. Only after the specified time can the material be used for construction.

Useful advice! Cover the blocks while drying plastic film. It will protect the products from cracking during the heat and prevent them from getting wet in case of rain.

Making cinder blocks on a machine

The machine allows you to significantly increase work productivity. The equipment has a fairly simple design.

Assembling the machine

The main element of a homemade vibratory compacting machine is a mold (matrix) for slag concrete mortar. By its design, this form is metal box With internal elements in the form of voids. The void stoppers can also be removable.

Set for work includes the following materials and tools:

First step. We make a mold according to the size of the future blocks. We cut out the side edges of the matrix from sheet steel. We will make a form for 2 blocks at once. To do this, we cut out the inner central partition from steel and fix it in the box.

Second step. We determine the height of the elements to decorate the voids.

Important! In accordance with the technology, the height of the voids should be such that the bottom wall has a thickness of 3 cm.

Third step. We cut 6 pieces of pipe along the length of the limiting cylinders to form voids.

Fourth step. We give the pipes a conical shape. To do this, we cut each piece of pipe longitudinally to the middle, compress it with a vice and connect it using a welding machine. each cone on both edges.

Fifth step. We connect the stops in a row along the long edge of the cinder block. Along the edges of the row we add a 3-centimeter thick plate with holes for fastening with eyes.

Sixth step. We make a cut in the middle of each such compartment. We weld lugs on the back side of the form. They will allow temporary fastening of elements to create voids. Very convenient solution– it will be possible to remove the cylinders and make monolithic blocks.

Compact cinder block machine (press on top)

Seventh step. On the outside of one of the transverse walls we weld 4 bolts for the mounting holes of the vibration motor.

Eighth step. Using welding, we attach an apron on the loading side and blades along the edges.

Ninth step. We prepare all structural elements for painting - we clean them and thoroughly polish them.

Tenth step. We do the press. It will look like a plate with holes repeating the location of the holes in the block.

Important! The diameter of the holes on the plate should exceed the same parameter for the recesses in the block by approximately 0.5 cm.

We make the plate of this size and fix it in such a way that it can go deep into the box at the place where the limiters are installed by 5-7 cm.

Finally, all that remains is to weld the handles to the press, coat the structure with a primer mixture and mount the vibration motor.

An ordinary electric motor can be converted into a suitable vibration motor. To do this, it is necessary to weld eccentrics onto the engine shafts. We won’t bother too much - we’ll just weld the bolts so that their axes coincide. To regulate the frequency and strength of vibration, screw nuts onto the welded bolts.

Prices for machines for cinder blocks

Cinder block machine

Making blocks

Recommendations for preparing the solution are given above. You can use the standard recipe or modify it at your discretion. The main thing is to obtain optimal viscosity. It can be determined “by eye” - the lump of mixture should hold its shape steadily.

Before loading the mixture, lubricate the contact metal surfaces with oil. Thanks to this, the solution will not stick to the iron.

We place the finished mixture into the matrix and begin pressing.

Place the filled forms on a vibrating plate and let it compact the solution for 5-15 seconds. After the specified time, add more solution to the mold, because previously loaded will inevitably settle.

We repeat the process, only this time we do not turn off the vibrating plate until the clamp reaches the limiters. We remove the mold until the machine stops.

We give the blocks 1-3 days for initial drying, carefully remove them from the blocks, lay them out on a flat horizontal surface and cover them with plastic wrap. The material can be used for its intended purpose no earlier than after a month.

Good luck!

Video - Making cinder blocks with your own hands

Every person dreams of building their own house or purchasing an apartment. Some people like to be as close to nature as possible, while others are attracted to a noisy metropolis. To build a house yourself, you need to have a significant amount of money. However, not everyone can afford to build their own building. In this case, you can make the materials yourself. Moreover, for their production, elementary improvised means are often used. How to make blocks yourself? This question is asked by a large number of novice builders who want to build a house.

To produce blocks, you need soil located under the fertile layer. Naturally, a foundation of this nature is the most accessible. It is known that such a tradition came from places that did not have a large amount of forest. To make blocks, people in those places used the method of molding, compacting or formwork, into which soil was simply packed.

To make the blocks yourself, you can use a mechanical device. Using power tools, you can get a well-mixed mixture without using your own effort. This way the work goes quickly and efficiently.

To work you will need:

• sheets of metal;
• cement bonded particle board;
• cement;
• sand;
• expanded clay;
• roulette;
• pencil;
• tree;
• emery cloth;
• hammer;
• nails;
• bucket;
• shovel;
• rule.

Building blocks are one of the most popular materials actively used in construction. With their help you can build houses, garages, bathhouses, and outbuildings. The erected walls delight with warmth, solidity, and a good degree of sound absorption.

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Types of building blocks

Any material of this type consists of cement, sand, water and fillers. Using certain ingredients, you can make a certain type of blocks:

Sequence of laying blocks: a – single-row ligation system; b – multi-row dressing system; c, d – multi-row ligation system using a mixed method (numbers indicate the sequence of masonry).

1. Cinder block, which is based on waste products from metallurgical enterprises. They are used in the construction of utility rooms. Laying such blocks is very convenient. They are not capable of burning or freezing.
2. Sawdust concrete belongs to more comfortable materials when laying. It can be cut, sawn, and mounted without difficulty. It has little weight. The sawdust itself serves as its constituent base. To prevent their natural decay and swelling, the bookmarks should be kept in a slaked lime solution the day before.
3. Block of gravel of various fractions. This material is characterized by its large mass, which creates some difficulties during installation. It is a kind of block of concrete.
4. Expanded clay block, which has good heat insulating properties. It is distinguished by its light weight, strong base and ease of installation.
5. Blocks with pine needle extracts, wood shavings, broken stones and crushed waste.

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Block production method

Production using block forms. Building blocks can be made using special machines for such production. On any such equipment you can build 1, 2, 3 or more forms. A machine of this nature is represented by a vibrating table and vessels for shaping the blocks. Typical dimensions will be 190x190x390 cm. Removable partitions are provided here, with which you can make tiles of different sizes. There are devices for voids, which are 2 or 3 cylinders made of steel. A similar mechanism is simply placed into the block mold before pouring the concrete. As soon as the solution hardens, these devices are removed. Ready block has hollow holes. The presented method of making molds significantly saves cement mortar.

Making the necessary samples using such equipment will not be difficult. In a container, a concrete mixer, a solution with a certain filler is prepared. To finished product easy to remove from the mold, the container must be lubricated with machine oil. After this, the cement mixture is poured into it.

Next, the vibrating table is turned on. After 2 minutes the product is fully formed. During the vibration process, excess air comes out of the concrete, resulting in a dense composition, as unnecessary water flows out of it. As soon as the product is formed, the surface should be smoothed with a spatula.

Now the block mold is moved to the place where the product will be dried. An open area with a roof or a special steaming chamber is suitable as such a site. Here it is important to ensure that the surface is smooth and horizontal. It will not be difficult to remove the finished tile from this mold. To do this, the lower base, which resembles a layer of metal, is removed, and the side elements are raised. The dried whole block remains in its place and is not touched for several days. After waiting time, the blocks are moved to any point.

Soil blocks. The blocks are made using a special machine. This is where the movement of the mold, molding powder and blower takes place. Moreover, vibrations and sounds during operation are eliminated. There is no need to control the weight, measure the value and check the pressure in the device.

Wood concrete blocks. Wood concrete building blocks are lightweight materials made from wood chips, most often from coniferous species. It also contains sawdust, water, cement and chemical components.

The modern world dictates its own conditions and allows you to create such materials yourself. According to requirements state standards, wood concrete is made from wood particles, the dimensions of which must correspond to 40x10x5 mm. The numerical indicators of needles, leaves and bark are approximately 5-10%.

To make the desired composition, you will need a significant amount of cement. And this will help reduce properties and retain heat. In this regard, wood chips are an important raw material.

Experienced builders often use shavings and sawdust in equal proportions. To avoid rotting, the selected tiles must be aged for 3 months in the open air. Otherwise, deformation of the blocks will occur. Do not forget about periodically turning this mass. If this is not possible, then it can be treated with zinc oxide. To prepare wood concrete, you need to take a concrete mixer.

Wood shavings and sawdust are prepared independently using special machines or purchased commercially.

They are filled with water, to which liquid glass, calcium chloride (for rapid hardening) and slaked lime as a disinfectant. Then the mixture is mixed in a concrete mixer with the addition of cement and some other components. After this, it is poured into molds. As such containers, you can make vessels from boards covered with linoleum. This will make it easier to pull out the finished products.

Expanded clay blocks. To produce such blocks, it is necessary to prepare a mold. To do this, take a board and make a vessel in the shape of the letter “G” from it. The inside is coated with machine oil or wrapped in tin. There should be valves in the end parts that help the composition take the desired shape.

You can make expanded clay blocks with voids. This will significantly reduce the amount of material used, but this work is a little more difficult to do.

In addition to the container itself, you need to use tools such as:

• trowel;
• shovel;
• buckets;
• mixing container;
• metal plate;
• water, sand, expanded clay.

To make the solution more elastic, experienced craftsmen add 1 spoon of washing powder.

Casting rules. To give the mass the correct consistency and elasticity, you should mix all the ingredients and dilute them with water, leaving it to sit for a short amount of time. After this, the mass should be transferred to a metal plate and mixed well.

The resulting mass is placed in a mold, and then in a special vessel that creates vibrations. After 2 days, her shutters open and she is released. After that building blocks undergo final hardening within 26 days.

Concrete foundation blocks 20x20x40 cm can be made at home. For this you will need: a form, roofing felt, concrete (sand, cement, crushed stone). Let's talk about how to properly make blocks with your own hands.

The mold is made of wood or iron. It is a durable box, 20 cm high and wide, the length depends on how many blocks you plan to make at the same time. Inside the box you need to make partitions every 40 cm, their number also depends on the number of planned blocks. It is better not to make the bottom in a box. For ease of use, two handles should be attached to the sides. You need to make several such forms, so the work will go faster. You can make a mold for one block, but the manufacturing process required quantity blocks will take much longer.

Prepare the solution. The quality of the strength of the blocks mainly depends on the brand of cement. The higher the grade of cement, the stronger the concrete will be. The ratio of sand and cement in the working solution is usually indicated on bags of cement. A larger amount of sand is added to high-grade cement. Now the solution is sold ready-made, packaged in bags. Any crushed stone is suitable, but it is better to take fine-grained one. The solution should be thick (so that it sticks together).

The inside of the mold must be wiped with technical oil or diesel fuel so that the concrete does not stick to the walls. We place the form on a roofing material spread out on the ground. We fill in the concrete and compact it well. The concrete should remain in the mold for two days. After this, we remove the form, but the concrete will still be damp, as it should be. Concrete blocks dry naturally; they cannot be dried on purpose. At this time, they need to be protected from the sun and rain (by building a canopy). In two weeks the concrete block will be completely ready for use.

For greater strength of the blocks, at the stage of pouring concrete into the mold, you can add reinforcing wire.

Such concrete blocks are suitable for a basement, and they are also very good to use for the construction of walls and fences.

Using the method described above you can do hollow blocks for the construction of walls. To get hollow blocks, you need to place them inside the cells of the form. wooden beam or metal frame.

In the case of making wall blocks, cheaper fillers can be added to concrete instead of crushed stone - expanded clay, slag. The following mortar is perfect for such blocks: cement, expanded clay, sand (1:6:3).

Do-it-yourself foundation blocks of 20x20x40 cm will reduce the cost of construction several times. They will also reduce construction time, since the blocks are larger in size than bricks. Such blocks are suitable for constructing the foundation and plinth of external walls, as well as internal partitions. They can also be perfectly used for the construction of garages and outbuildings.

How to make blocks with your own hands. Video

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How to make your own building blocks. Lightweight wall blocks and their advantages. How to make a wall block production of products

In any building materials store or market you can purchase special blocks used to construct a building. However, it is not necessary to buy building stone; you can make it yourself.

Wall blocks have many properties:

They are strong, durable, have improved frost resistance and fire resistance. There is also another property of wall blocks - an increase in the usable area of ​​​​the premises due to the thickness of the wall blocks without reducing the quality of heat transfer. That's why wall blocks are confidently replacing conventional materials for construction. Wall blocks will help you with low costs obtain high-quality building materials, therefore - high-quality construction. A house built from wall stones will be comfortable and warm, and will also allow you to save a lot of money. Moreover, the cost of the wall blocks themselves compares favorably with other building materials. Wall blocks create a feeling of comfort due to the fact that they have a heat-resistant effect, so in a room made of wall blocks you will be cool in the summer and warm in the winter. That is why heating costs are one third less than in houses built of brick. Another positive property of wall blocks is that walls made from them are much lighter than walls built from brick, thus creating less load on the foundation. This means that there is a guarantee that your house will not only be warm, but also durable and less prone to collapse. Plus, your costs for delivering wall blocks are reduced exponentially. Due to their weight (wall blocks are much lighter than, for example, brick), the volumes of delivered material will be greater. So, why should you choose wall blocks to build your house, the pros:

guarantee warmth, comfort, frost resistance and fire resistance

increase the usable area of ​​the room due to their small thickness

do not reduce the quality of heat exchange in the room

installed in a short amount of time

their price and the cost of installation are much cheaper than other building materials

DIY blocks

I chose the block sizes 510x250x215 mm (volume of 14 bricks). From scrap sheet iron I welded 11 molds without bottoms. I welded 2 handles on the sides. I spread the roofing material right on the ground and place the form. To prevent the mixture from sticking to the walls of the mold, I wipe them from the inside with a rag moistened with waste oil or diesel fuel. I pour hard expanded clay concrete there. I don't tamp very hard. I remove the first form after filling the 11th - this is about 10-12 minutes. The blocks remain in place for 12 hours. Then I move them under the canopy. They harden at above-zero temperatures for 24 days. I make a canopy from roofing felt, tarpaulin or plastic film. Under it, the blocks will be protected from rain and sun.

Do-it-yourself blocks I tried to make blocks with voids. He inserted two wooden round timbers, turned into a cone and wrapped in roofing iron. The void formers can be round, square, rectangular... Depending on how the blocks are laid, the wall thickness is 215, 250 or 510 mm.

For thick walls it is better to make blocks hollow, for thin walls - filled. Conventionally, walls with a thickness of 215 mm without voids can be called cold, 250 mm - semi-warm, 510 mm with voids - warm.

To make half blocks, I insert a sheet of iron into the mold in the center. In the blanks that are used to form openings in the walls of the house, you have to insert wooden plugs to secure the door and window frames.

Do-it-yourself blocks I tried to make blocks using a vibrator, but the solution goes to the bottom of the mold and the expanded clay does not bind. To prevent this from happening, I welded a common mold for several blocks. The vibrator was attached to the side. I made the walls of the mold higher by 1/3 - this is for concrete shrinkage during vibration.

Fillers can be local non-scarce materials: expanded clay, slag, sawdust, etc. To prepare the mixture, I used cement, expanded clay and sand in a ratio of 1:4:1.

The hardest work is preparing the concrete. To make it a little easier, I first made manual concrete mixer from a two hundred liter barrel. Its rotation axis is shifted by 10 cm relative to the center. I welded crosspieces inside. Thus, due to the eccentric rotation of the barrel and thanks to the crosses, good mixing of the mass was ensured. In 8 turns of the barrel the solution was ready.

In this way I made 500 blocks. They were enough to lay a warm barn measuring 6.2x4 m and add a cold barn to it.

Despite the fact that the blocks are much larger in size and weight than ordinary red brick, the masonry techniques and set of tools remain the same. Banding of masonry in corners and on straight sections of walls is also observed. At the beginning of masonry from blocks, it is advisable to make a belt of red brick on the base or foundation (after waterproofing). It should protrude 30-40 mm outward from the base, protecting the latter from getting wet.

Building blocks yourself

The building block of standard sizes is very convenient to use. The laying goes quite quickly, but on the other hand they are not too heavy. In addition, the walls will be of standard sizes, that is, 200 or 400 millimeters. So, the easiest way to make a mold for blocks is from a cement bonded particle board with at least a centimeter thickness. You can also take sheet metal. Honestly, almost any material will do, but when choosing, it is important to consider how durable the form will be, whether it will not become saturated with moisture, how convenient it will be to get ready-made building blocks out of it, and so on. The choice of material for forms should be guided, first of all, by logic. Of course, to make blocks with your own hands in sufficient quantities, one form will be extremely small. It’s better to make about five or ten forms at once, which will be quite enough to get started. Further, if necessary, the number of forms can be increased. Regarding the block solution self-made, then it is recommended to use one of two options. The first option allows you to make blocks of so-called “cold concrete”. To do this, take a traditional solution, which is prepared from sand and cement in proportions of one to four. In other words, for one part of good Portland cement, you need to take four parts of sifted construction sand. Warm concrete is prepared from cement, sand and expanded clay. The proportions in this case will look like one to four to one. That is, for one part of cement, you need to take about four parts of expanded clay and only one part of sand. Preparing building blocks is not a complicated process. The molds are filled with the solution, the excess solution is removed with a trowel and I try to level the top of the block. By the way, the forms should be installed on flat surface so that the solution disperses as smoothly as possible under the influence of gravity.

After a few hours, the blocks can be carefully removed from the molds and laid out to completely harden. They harden within 24 hours, after which the homemade blocks are placed on pallets for storage or taken directly to the construction site.

Building blocks at home

Nowadays, you can buy building blocks at any construction market and building materials store. Their assortment today is very large, you just need to make your choice and your order will be delivered directly to your home. How to make building blocks yourself at home But you can go the other way - you can make building blocks with your own hands. So, let's look below at the basic principles of how to make your own building blocks at home.

First you need to decide what size you plan to make the building block. The most common size today is 400x200x200 mm. Blocks of such geometric parameters not heavy, they are easy to lay when building a wall. With this block you can easily make two types of walls, 200 mm thick and 400 mm thick.

To create a mold with which to make building blocks with your own hands. We recommend making the mold into several blocks at once; this will significantly speed up the work process and the prepared concrete will be better used. You can make construction ones at home, both solid and with cavities. Mortar for blocks is made using cement and sand, and the proportion should be 1 to 4 (this is the so-called cold concrete). You can also add expanded clay, sawdust, slag or glass to the concrete mixture (this type of concrete is also called warm concrete). Many people wonder how to make building blocks themselves so that they do not stick to the mold and have a flat and smooth outer surface. To do this, you need to do the following - apply machine oil to the walls of the mold, or even better, oil.

When pouring building blocks at home, the mold must first be filled 45-50%, then compact the concrete and give the mixture a uniform shape. After this, you can fill the form completely, tamp it down again, level the top side, remove the remaining concrete mixture from the brick form and let it harden. Concrete mix you need to let it harden for about 30 minutes. Next, you carefully remove the mold and can carry out the next cycle of work. The blocks will harden completely only after 24 hours. Care should be taken to ensure that the blocks are protected from direct sunlight and rain until they are completely dry.

So, you already know how to make building blocks yourself at home, now you can safely get to work. And if you make a form for at least a dozen blocks for one go, then you will be able to make 120-150 blocks a day without outside help

In any building materials store or market you can purchase special blocks used to construct a building. However, it is not necessary to buy building stone; you can make it yourself. Our article will tell you how to make building blocks with your own hands.

Determine in advance the desired dimensions of the future building block. The most common and most popular size: 400x200x200 millimeters. This building stone is not too heavy, but the wall thickness can be 200 or 400 mm (this depends on personal preference).

Molds must be constructed for future building blocks. It is advisable to use cement bonded particle board 10 mm thick and sheet metal (2-3 mm). The mold for the stone can also be made from wood that has been sanded from the inside.

Make the mold into one or more blocks (this will speed up the process of making building stone). Do-it-yourself blocks can be hollow or solid (depending on personal preference), which affects the design of the mold. For “cold concrete”, prepare a solution for blocks from cement and sand (proportion 1:4), and for “warm concrete” - from cement, expanded clay and sand in a ratio 1:4:1. Then fill the block mold halfway with the “raw materials”. Compact the solution (you can use the handle of a shovel) and only after that fill the form with the missing “raw materials”. Level the upper surface of the future block using the construction rule, that is, remove excess mortar with this tool. After thirty to forty minutes, carefully remove the block from the mold, and form a new building stone in it. To ensure complete hardening of the solution, the blocks are carefully transported to special place, protected from sun and rain. The blocks will completely harden in twenty-four hours.

Lightweight wall blocks and their advantages.

In addition to the traditional material for building walls - brick, in private housing construction today block wall materials such as expanded clay concrete, aerated concrete and foam concrete are increasingly used. What are their differences, features, advantages and disadvantages?

Expanded clay concrete.

Peculiarities: Expanded clay concrete blocks made from expanded clay (foamed and baked clay), used as filler with fractions of 5–10 mm, water and cement. Advantages: The thermal insulation characteristics are superior to brick, gas and foam concrete. Resistant to moisture. High strength, frost resistance

AERED CONCRETE

Features: Aerated concrete is produced by adding a gas-forming agent (aluminum powder) to a mixture of lime, cement, and quartz sand. The material gains strength at elevated pressure and high temperature in autoclave ovens. Aerated concrete is porous both inside and outside, i.e. its flow-through. Products are manufactured in factory conditions, so product quality is guaranteed. Advantages: Greater geometric dimensional accuracy, more high performance heat and sound insulation, strength.

FOAM CONCRETE

Features: Foam concrete (non-autoclaved cellular concrete) is made from a mixture of water, sand, cement and foaming agent. It hardens naturally in special molds. The structure of foam concrete is closed bubbles different sizes. Products can be produced privately, directly on the construction site. Manufactured in a makeshift way blocks do not always correspond to the declared characteristics. Advantages: Due to the closed pore structure, moisture absorption is lower. Aerated concrete and foam concrete have high accuracy of geometric dimensions, which makes it possible to use adhesive mixtures for installation, rather than ordinary masonry mortar. Seam thickness from glue mixture– 2–3 mm, and from masonry mortar – 10–12 mm. This makes it possible to make the wall almost uniform and as warm as possible.

The common advantage of all the materials under consideration is: The high porosity of the materials provides high thermal insulation properties and excellent sound insulation characteristics. Thanks to the peculiarities of the material structure, the walls “breathe”. The blocks are non-flammable, do not melt and do not emit harmful substances when heated. Due to their low weight, they significantly reduce the load on the foundation.

A common disadvantage of all the materials under consideration is: Despite the high thermal insulation properties, walls made of these materials require insulation. The porosity of the blocks requires mandatory protection of the building walls from precipitation. At the same time, it is necessary to maintain the vapor permeability of the structure.

Aerated concrete and foam concrete have an additional disadvantage: low bending strength. Reinforcement must be carried out every three rows of masonry. Tape required monolithic foundation or monolithic ground floor.

How to make a wall block

Building blocks have a lot of advantages. These include the convenience and speed of construction of buildings, the relative cheapness of construction, and others. Wall blocks are one of the few materials with which you can build a house from scratch almost single-handedly. If you have a lot of free time and not a lot of money, you can try making wall blocks yourself.

You will need

Cement grade M400; - filler (expanded clay, slag, etc.); - SDO additive (saponified wood resin); - sand;

Shovel;

Containers for measuring and stirring the solution;

Block form.

For 1 m³ of expanded clay concrete M75: - cement M400 – 250 kg; - expanded clay – 1.05 m³; - sand – 0.2 m³; - wood saponified resin (WRS) – 0.3 kg;

Water – 0.25-0.35 m³.

For 1 m³ of slag concrete M50: - cement M400 – 200 kg; - slag – 0.7 m³; - sand – 0.25 m³; - lime – 50 kg;

Water 0.1–0.15 m³.

Instructions

1 Select the type of block that suits you best

Wall blocks can be made on the basis of various binding components and fillers. Cement is used as the main component. The choice of fillers is much wider. This can be sand, expanded clay, slag, sawdust, etc. Depending on the type of fillers and their ratio with each other, it is possible to obtain a material that differs in strength, thermal conductivity, moisture resistance, and frost resistance. In the manufacture of wall blocks with my own hands Most often, slag or expanded clay are chosen as fillers. Slag and expanded clay blocks have good operational properties– high thermal insulation combined with sufficient strength – and at the same time relatively cheap. Slag can often be purchased for free or at a meager price.

2 Decide on the block brand

The strength of a building block, characterized by its grade, is determined by the relative content of cement and fillers. By increasing the amount of cement and sand relative to expanded clay and slag, the strength of the block can be increased. However, it should be remembered that at the same time its thermal insulation properties decrease. It is necessary to find a middle ground between strength and thermal insulation.

3 Decide on the block size

The most common standard size is 390x190x188 mm. However, you can make blocks of any size. Before settling on any specific size, you should determine the thickness of the wall of the building for which the blocks are intended, and then, based on it, select the size of the block.

4 Make, buy or rent a block making machine

You can do without a machine by making the simplest collapsible forms (matrices) from sheet metal, wood or plastic. However, in this case, a large number of molds will be required, since the poured blocks will have to remain in the molds for some time to harden. Cinder block machines, thanks to the presence of a vibrator, allow you to unload the block immediately after molding. If you plan to make a large number of blocks, it is better to do this using a machine. The time gain will be huge.

5 Prepare the working mixture

Measure in required proportion all components (cement, sand, slag or expanded clay, lime) and mix them thoroughly in the mixing container. After this, add water with SDO dissolved in it. Depending on the moisture content of the fillers, different amounts of water may be required, so add it gradually, stirring and assessing the mobility of the mixture. Don't add too much water. The stiffer (less mobile) the mixture, the stronger the blocks.

6 Fill the mold with the mixture

If you are using manual collapsible molds, when pouring, thoroughly compact the mixture in the mold with a trowel or shovel until the surface is smooth and covered with a thin layer of water. When using a cinder block machine to compact the mixture, it is enough to turn on the vibrator for a few seconds (5-8).

7 While the blocks are curing, keep their surfaces moist. This can be achieved by regularly watering the blocks with water or covering them with plastic film. The blocks should harden while in the shade.

k-oo.top

How to make building blocks with your own hands.

The construction of a house from blocks is progressing faster than from bricks. You can purchase them freely, but many people make building blocks with their own hands.

Blocks in construction are used not only for building walls. The use of building blocks for the foundation also speeds it up. Of course, these blocks must be very dense: 1.5 tons per 1 cubic m. Making blocks with your own hands, if you look at it, is not such an extremely difficult matter.

Where to start?

And the beginning of everything is making molds.

Forms

On sale there are molds for building blocks with standard sizes. And at home you can make building blocks in sizes that suit you. We take sheet metal, cut out the required shape from it and weld the shape. Molds are also made from wood; they are good for adobe blocks. There is no need for a bottom here. But the handles on the sides will come in handy, it’s more convenient to work with them.

Material for homemade building blocks

What's great about DIY building blocks is that they use material that you already have or can easily purchase.

Basically, blocks are made from cement with various fillers, but craftsmen, like manufacturers, sometimes do without it. Depending on the selected material, it is possible to produce homemade building blocks of the following types:

• slag concrete;
• blocks based liquid glass;
• adobe;
• chip concrete or wood concrete.

How the filler is used:

• ash;
• slag;
• dropout;
• crushed stone;
• gypsum;
• perlite;
• expanded clay;
• sawdust;
• straw;
• broken bricks and more.

Blocks without cement

Making building blocks using this technology is not available to everyone, because the mixture contains liquid glass. Unless you can negotiate with the nearest concrete products plant and buy the main component there. The mixture will consist of:

• two dozen parts of river sand;
• one and a half dozen parts of liquid glass;
• 4 parts chalk;
• 3 parts slaked lime;
• 2 parts kaolin.

Manufacturing process

• First the sand is sifted;
• chalk is added;
• everything mixes well;
• slaked lime is introduced;
• kaolin or brick crushed to a powder state;
• liquid glass.

The starting raw material should be homogeneous and dough-like. Before pouring this dough-like mass, wet the inside of the molds. If you wish, you can add color to the building blocks. To do this add:

• chalk of any color;
• red brick ground into powder.

Fillers are added to such blocks: slag, expanded clay, shavings. Their strength is high - they are much stronger than cement ones.

Expanded clay concrete blocks

Expanded clay concrete blocks are one of the types of cinder blocks, where expanded clay serves as a filler.

Compound

• cement - 1 part;
• expanded clay - 5 parts;
• sand - 3 parts;
• water - about one part.

Technology

The technology for manufacturing expanded clay concrete building blocks is generally the same as any other:

• the starting material is placed in pre-lubricated molds;
• compacted;
• the form is removed after 10 minutes;
• the product remains in place;
• after 12 hours it is transferred to a place protected from precipitation and direct sunlight.
• in warm weather the blocks will become hard in a little less than a month.

If you plan to make thick walls (about 0.5 m), then blocks with voids are better. To do this, wooden inserts are inserted into the mold: round or square. And so that they can be removed well, before inserting, wrap them in roofing iron.

Advantages

• light weight;
• frost resistance;
• breathability;
• moisture resistance;
• strength;
• low cost.

A house made from expanded clay concrete blocks is built faster than from brick; less mortar is needed for masonry.

Adobe blocks

Components

For this type of blocks the material, in literally, is under your feet. All you need is:

• clay;
• straw;
• river sand;
• water.

Features of selection

In order for the building blocks to have characteristics that meet all the requirements, you need to know something about the features of selecting components:

1. It is better to prepare the clay in the fall, cover it with film and let it overwinter - this will improve its quality.
2. First sift the sand, freeing it from impurities.
3. Straw can be taken from the field where wheat, rye or barley has just been harvested. If the straw is left over from the harvest of the previous year, then the quality will not be the same - after all, after lying there, it begins to rot.

• clay - 1 cubic meter m;
• straw - 20 kg;
• sand - 25%.

In order not to spoil the entire batch of blocks, you need to make a small experimental batch. So we do this:

• we combine all the components in small quantities and write down the proportions;
• make a batch;
• form a ball;
• leave in the sun to dry for about 1 hour;
• we throw it on the ground at a height of one and a half meters.

If all components are selected in the required proportions, then the ball will remain intact. Did you add more sand than you should? It will collapse or crack. Is there enough sand? The ball will blur. This is how we select the most optimal option in a practical way.

Preparation

To prepare the mixture for several dozen blocks at once, you need to make a hole in the ground: round with a diameter of about 2.5 m or rectangular 1.5x2.5 with a depth of half a meter. Line its bottom with polyethylene. Although some ready-made container will do: a trough or an old bathtub. Then everything is done as it was done in the old days: we put on high rubber boots and walk, mixing everything until smooth.

Manufacturing

• While the batch is in the manufacturing stage, we are preparing a platform for the products: we select a flat, sunny place;
• We bring the mixture in buckets;
• fill out forms;
• compact;
• remove excess by running a board along the upper edges of the mold;
• remove the form.

The finished blocks should dry. This usually takes several days. It is important that they are not exposed to rain. Then they are transferred to a shelter and dried further. They will be completely ready in 10 days.

A house made of adobe blocks turns out to be very warm and comfortable. In addition, this building material is environmentally friendly, durable, and fireproof. It is used for buildings no higher than 2 floors.

Sawdust concrete blocks (arobolite)

The technology for making sawdust concrete blocks is similar to making adobe blocks, but the components do not need to be mined, but purchased.

Components

Before you start making, you need to purchase:

• cement - M300 or higher;
• sand - fraction no larger than 1.8 microns;
• not slaked lime;
• sawdust (coniferous wood).

Preparing the Components

• sift through sawdust;
• mix dry cement and sand;
• add lime here and mix again;
• add sawdust and repeat the mixing procedure;
• pour in water;
• In order for the components to adhere well to each other, add calcium chloride or alumina sulfate;
• we control the quality of the mixture.

To control quality, we roll the ball and squeeze it in our palms. If water flows, there is too much of it in the mixture; if the ball crumbles, there is too much sawdust or sand.

Let's start production

• Line the form with plastic wrap;
• add the mixture;
• we ram;
• Without removing from the mold, leave to harden for 5 days;
• remove from the mold and dry further.

The drying process will take a long time - from 1.5 to 3 months: it all depends on the mass of the block.

Equipment

If the construction is large-scale, then it may make sense to spend money on equipment for building blocks. For example: there is a mini-machine for sale for the production of wood concrete RPB-1500 BL. Its productivity is 1 sawdust block with dimensions 19 x 19 x 39 cm per minute. Issues Russian manufacturer- INTEK company.

Wide Application Found in the manufacture of building blocks were vibrating tables. They solve the problem of compacting mixtures. The vibrating table consists of:

• movable table;
• engine;
• control panels;
• sometimes a transformer is included in the kit.

Seal working mixture occurs under the influence of vibration created by a vibration motor.

Duty cycle

• place the mold on the movable table;
• place half or completely dry mixture into the mold;
• start the engine;
• drying.

How to choose?

There are 3 types of vibrating plates capable of compacting material by weight:

• up to 75 kg;
• from 75 to 160 kg;
• from 160 kg.

Based on these indicators, you should select the optimal vibrating table option for yourself.

Manufacturers

They are produced by:

• Russian company VPK ;
• LLC "Stroymash";
• "Red Poppy" plant in Yaroslavl and others.

Vibrating tables are also supplied by foreign manufacturers:

• Spain - Enar and Hervisa;
• Germany - Wacker;
• Italy - Batmatic;
• France - Paclite.

The building materials market presents various types concrete blocks, including slag concrete. They are distinguished by their low weight and increased dimensions, which makes it possible to build a building at an accelerated pace. Wanting to reduce the estimated cost of work, many developers do not purchase block building materials, but make them themselves using a machine for producing blocks. Industrial models of vibrating machines are not always distinguished by their quality and performance. Easy to do homemade unit, guided by the recommendations given.

Cinder blocks

Types of concrete blocks for construction

Despite the fact that brick is often used in the construction industry for the construction of buildings, it is difficult for it to compete with block building materials made from concrete. To build a house, it’s easy to choose blocks that differ:

• increased dimensions;
• reduced weight;
• filler used;
• production technology.

The manufacturing technology of block products involves the use of the following filler:

• expanded clay;
• sawdust;
• slags;
• brick fighting;
• dropouts.

Expanded clay blocks

Wall materials block type are divided into the following types:

• expanded clay concrete blocks;
• wood concrete products;
• foam concrete building materials;
• aerated concrete products;
• cinder blocks.

The use of cinder blocks, the cost of which is lower than other block building materials, reduces the cost of building construction. Making cinder blocks on your own is easy to do at home, using a machine for producing blocks. Let's consider the characteristics of cinder block building materials.

Cinder concrete blocks - properties of building materials

Cinder concrete blocks are a building material produced using vibration pressing technology. Along with cement and sand, the following types of filler are used for production:

• slags, which are waste from metallurgical enterprises;
• granite and crushed stone screenings;
• brick waste;
• river crushed stone;
• expanded clay particles.

Brick waste is one of the components for cinder blocks

The production of cinder block products can be carried out in various ways:

• using industrial technology, which involves heat treatment and steaming;
• at home using a homemade block machine.

By producing cinder blocks on a block making machine, you can obtain products that have the following advantages:

• increased thermal insulation characteristics. Slag concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well;
• increased dimensions. They allow you to quickly build a cinder concrete building, outbuilding or a DIY garage;
• resistance to microorganisms and damage by rodents. This is ensured by the filler used and the structure of the cinder block mass;
• reduced cost. A homemade cinder block is cheaper than, for example, a foam block used for construction purchased in a retail chain.

In addition, slag concrete material is fireproof, easy to process and dampens external noise.

Along with its advantages, slag concrete has a number of disadvantages:

• limited service life. The durability of a slag concrete structure does not exceed two and a half decades;
• reduced strength properties. Only one-story and two-story buildings are erected from cinder concrete;
• cracks when sheared. During the shrinkage of the box, cracks do not occur along the seams, but directly along the blocks.

Cinder concrete has low thermal conductivity and retains heat well

Cinder concrete also has an unpresentable appearance, needs exterior decoration. In addition, cinder concrete cannot be used for foundation construction.

Despite weaknesses material, it is preferred in situations where it is necessary to quickly construct a small building or outbuilding at minimal cost.

Which is the best block machine to use?

Developers who decide to independently produce cinder blocks for the construction of walls are faced with the question of choosing equipment. It is not always possible to rent a machine for the production of building blocks, especially in small populated areas. Many people decide to make equipment on their own. Depending on your financial capabilities, you can choose the following options:

• the simplest design that allows you to produce wall blocks at home at minimal cost;
• a modernized version of the unit, equipped with a compaction device and additional mechanisms.

It is difficult to give a definite answer as to which block production machine is preferable to use. It all depends on the number of blocks that need to be produced and financing options. Let us dwell on the features of each unit.

Simplified block machine

To make cinder blocks on your own in a reduced quantity, it is not necessary to make a mechanized unit, use a vibrator, or additional mechanisms. The manufacturing process using simplified technology can be carried out in special forms.

Simplified block machine

Procedure:

• Assemble the molds and coat them inner surface used oil.
• Pour cinder block mixture into collapsible molds.
• Leave for 3-4 hours until the solution hardens.
• Disassemble the containers and carefully remove the blocks.
• Allow to dry indoors.

If it is necessary to produce hollow products, it is advisable to use ordinary drink bottles to form cavities. A simplified machine for the production of blocks, which is a container of the required size made of wood or steel, can be manufactured at a minimum amount of cost.

Modernized machine for the production of building blocks

With an increased need for cinder blocks for the construction of a large building, you can make a more complex machine for producing blocks, equipped with special devices:

• vibration mechanism. An electric motor is used as a vibration motor, with an eccentric located on the drive shaft. The drive power depends on the size of the mold, the mass of the slag concrete solution and is 0.5–1.5 kW. Under the influence of vibration, the cinder concrete mass is compacted, the material is evenly distributed throughout the entire space of the mold, and air inclusions are removed. As a result of compaction, the specific gravity and strength of cinder block products increases;
• lifting device. It is designed for accelerated extraction of finished products from molding containers. There are many design solutions to speed up and facilitate the removal of blocks. In the most simple version It is enough to weld handles of any shape to the molding container, by pulling which you can remove the hardened block. Using ready-made drawings, you can independently assemble a lever mechanism from scrap materials.

Modernized machine for the production of building blocks

The shape used in this unit must correspond to the size of the cinder block that is planned to be made. In most cases, products are manufactured with standard dimensions - 0.4x0.2x0.2 m. The molding container must have a height increased by 4m5 cm so that the molded block after compaction has the required dimensions. To simulate cavities, pipe scraps of the required diameter can be welded to the bottom of the container.

We make a machine for blocks with our own hands - sequence of actions

To perform work on assembling the vibration compactor, it is necessary to prepare. The following materials and tools will be required:

• steel sheets 2.5–3 mm thick;
• metal pipe with an outer diameter of 7.5 m 8.5 cm;
• electric motor with a power of up to one kilowatt;
• apparatus for electric welding with electrodes;
• grinder complete with cutting wheel for metal;
• locksmith tool.

Before production begins, you should prepare drawings and understand the design of the machine for producing blocks. It is necessary to decide on the dimensions of the blocks that will be made - the size of the mold depends on this. It can be welded to fit standard products or made in larger sizes.

Drawing of a cinder block machine

When everything is prepared, we make a machine for the production of block products, observing the sequence of operations:

• Cut rectangular blanks from a steel sheet for welding a molding container of the required size.
• Tack them with electric welding and assemble the side edging of the molding box for pouring the cinder block mixture.
• Check that the tack is correct, and if the diagonal length is equal, finally weld the mold elements.
• Cut tubular blanks the length of which is equal to the height of the mold and make diametrically spaced cuts on the side surface.
• Provide a conical shape for the tubular elements and weld them to bottom sheet future molding box.
• Weld the crossbar to the cones, install plugs on the ends with a smaller size.
• Produce final assembly molding box, welding the bottom with inserts to the edging.
• Attach two handles on opposite sides to lift and transport the molding container.
• Install the threaded elements for fastening the vibration motor and screw the vibration motor with the balancing weight.
• Cut out the top cover that matches the dimensions of the inner cavity of the box and has holes for pipes.
• Apply anti-corrosion coating, assemble the unit and check its operation.

The use of a group container of increased size allows to increase the productivity of the vibropressing machine.

Drawing. Vibroforming machine

Self-production of slag concrete blocks - recipe

Do-it-yourself cinder block making machine

To make cinder blocks using self-made equipment, you need to prepare the following materials:

• Portland cement marked M400 and higher;
• screenings or small crushed stone;
• slag or ash from coal combustion;
• sifted sand;
• water.

Special plasticizers are also used to increase the strength of the cinder block mass and accelerate hardening. To prepare an increased volume of slag concrete mixture, a concrete mixer will be required.

The following slag concrete compositions are used:

• mix Portland cement with slag in a ratio of 1.5:8. Gradually dilute the mixture with water, the amount of which should not exceed half the volume of cement;
• mix crushed stone screenings, cement and coal ash in a ratio of 4:1:4. Add water to the concrete mixer until the solution becomes plastic.

Possible formulations include the use of granulated slag, plasticizers, quartz sand and broken bricks.

Portland cement marked M400

We manufacture products ourselves using a block production machine

Using a self-made machine for blocks, carry out work according to the following algorithm:

• Place the equipment on level ground.
• Connect electrical power.
• Prepare cinder block mortar.
• Pour the prepared mixture into the mold.
• Turn on the vibration motor for 2-3 minutes.
• Add cinder mixture to the top level.
• Place the protective cover and turn on the vibrator.

Compact the array. The cover should come into contact with the stops located in accordance with the height of the block. Then remove the box and let the molded block sit until the mass sets. After careful removal, dry the cinder concrete products in a closed and ventilated area.

Let's sum it up

When planning the construction of a building made of cinder concrete, you can reduce costs by independently making a machine for producing blocks. It is important to use verified documentation for the manufacture of the unit and carefully understand the design of the vibration compaction device. To obtain high-quality products, study the recipe and also understand the technology.