Finally got the keys in my hands new apartment! And you are already calculating the costs of repairs, imagining the interior design, imagining a noisy housewarming party, and quiet family evenings in a cozy home.

But, before starting the internal repair work, check how well the facades of your house are insulated. Most modern new buildings are built with mandatory insulation of facades. But you need to think about insulating an apartment in old houses yourself.

For this purpose, sandwich panels for wall insulation have recently replaced traditional materials (foam plastic).

Cladding sandwich panels are multilayer elements, the outside is lined with metal, and the inside has a layer of insulation (mineral wool, polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam), which is covered with aluminum foil.

The panels are lightweight, which is a huge plus, since often the condition of the building walls and foundation may not withstand the additional load. In addition, the surface of the sandwich panels is durable (does not lose its quality under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, low temperatures, moisture is not a problem). Additional costs There is no need to process the panels, since they are painted in different colors, the surface can have a different texture.

Thermal insulation can be both internal and external. The advantages of the latter are obvious:

A structure whose façade is protected thermal insulation material, will last longer (the wall does not freeze, the effect atmospheric phenomena decreases) and also has a more aesthetic appearance;

Insulating walls with sandwich panels improves sound insulation and also creates a favorable temperature regime(condensation does not form, mold and fungi do not grow);

External thermal insulation reduces heat loss, and as a result, payment costs utilities(at individual system heating);

External insulation of facades with sandwich panels does not reduce the area of ​​the premises (as is the case with internal thermal insulation);

External insulation can be done after it is done major renovation indoors;

Installation of sandwich panels with polyurethane insulation, as with any other work, it is better to entrust it to professionals, since this is quite a labor-intensive, and if the apartment is above the second floor, also a dangerous process.

A qualified master will assess the condition of the wall and select suitable material, will delete old finishing and perform thermal insulation work.

Installing PVC windows is a great way to retain heat internal space living space, since plastic windows are characterized by high tightness. But besides this, to maintain heat in the house and increase energy saving indicators, it is very important to correctly perform the slopes.

This is a fundamental point. And here's why. The window frame is inserted into the opening using mounting foam, and it is not recommended to leave the foam open - under the influence sun rays it is destroyed. In addition, polyurethane foam has the ability to accumulate moisture, which can subsequently lead to the spread of mold and mildew in the house.

Slopes are the inner walls of the niche into which the window frame is inserted. There are different processing techniques window slopes.

Making slopes is an extremely important task. The energy saving indicators of the living space and its sound insulation will depend on how well the slopes are made and what materials were used.

The easiest way to finish slopes is plastering plaster mixture or putty. Plastering is very affordable way, however, is very inefficient in terms of energy conservation. Such slopes, unfortunately, are characterized by poor thermal insulation. Plaster is a fragile material and can crack over time, which leads to the need for periodic corrective actions.

To ensure good thermal insulation when making slopes, it is necessary to use additional materials in the work, due to which it will be possible to provide the insulation function. In other words, insulation is the use of thermal elements that are mounted with slopes and are subsequently plastered. Next, the article will discuss how to properly insulate window slopes.

There are two types of work for this operation:

• external works;
• internal work.

The materials used for insulating slopes are:

• drywall;
• mineral wool;
• foam;
• expanded polystyrene;
• sandwich panels.

External insulation of slopes

External thermal insulation of slopes is carried out in several approaches. First, you need to prepare the working surface - clean it from dirt, dust, foam residues, and uneven surfaces.

For external insulation, as a rule, polystyrene foam or polystyrene foam is used, which is attached to work surface using liquid nails. Use of perforated plastic corners will help you achieve perfectly even levels.

The work process is as follows:

• gluing prepared foam sheets with outside slope;
• if there are cracks, fill the cavity with an adhesive solution;
• securing the reinforcing mesh to the surface of the foam sheet;
• carrying out plastering;
• carrying out staining

The second step in insulating window slopes is to carry out interior works.

Internal insulation of slopes

1. Plasterboard insulation

A fairly common option for finishing slopes is using plasterboard.

Drywall is a material whose structure consists of two sheets of construction cardboard with a core of solid gypsum. It should be noted that this material is quite delicate, as it does not tolerate moisture well and can swell and lose its original shape. There is moisture-resistant gypsum board, which contains antifungal substances and silicone granules, but when finishing it would be useful to use additional materials, for example, a moisture-resistant primer.

Insulation technology

Insulation of window slopes consists of several stages. For self-execution work will require a standard set of tools: tape measure, painting knife, wooden blocks, a roll of tape, several
packages of polyurethane foam, as well as sealant, moisture-resistant primer and possibly gypsum plaster.

The insulation process occurs according to the following scheme:

2.Insulation with mineral wool

Species mineral wool

Mineral wool is a popular material that is characterized by two important, linearly dependent characteristics - thermal insulation coefficient and volume. There are three types of mineral wool:

• Soft type - high insulation coefficient and large volume.
• The semi-rigid type - compressed material - takes up less volume, due to which it loses its thermal insulation properties.
• The rigid type is a thin material, but also ineffective at providing thermal insulation. As a rule, it is used only in combination with other insulation materials.

Insulation technology

The method of insulating window slopes using mineral wool is similar to the above-described technology of insulating with plasterboard, with the only difference being that between the wall and the sheet finishing material it is necessary to lay a layer of the material in question. In order for insulation to be effective, it is necessary to take into account some nuances:

3. Insulation with foam plastic

Types of foam. Properties

Foam plastic is a whole class polymer materials, which are essentially cellular foamed plastic mass.

In addition to the economic benefits, the advantages of the material include:

• high thermal insulation properties;
• materials are non-toxic;
• light weight of materials, ease of installation and fastening;

Compared to polystyrene foam, polystyrene will score more points, since the material is not as fragile, more flexible and durable.

Insulation of slopes with polystyrene foam. Technology

The insulation method is identical to those described above. Sheets of material are mounted with a slope using glue with further plastering or covered with sheets of plasterboard.

When insulating window slopes in a relatively warm climate region, two layers of material will be sufficient; in colder climates climatic conditions polystyrene must be combined with other insulation materials, such as mineral wool.

4. Insulation using sandwich panels

The concept of sandwich panels. Species

A very effective and modern way to insulate window structures is insulation with sandwich panels.

Sandwich panels are a building material with a complex structure, consisting of two sheets of rigid material (often PVC) and a layer of insulation. All elements of the material are connected by pressing - cold or hot.

According to their purpose, sandwich panels are classified into:

• roofing;
• wall – used in finishing works

The following is used as insulation in these panels:

• mineral wool;
• expanded polystyrene;
• fiberglass

The advantages of sandwich panels include:

• good thermal insulation and sound insulation;
• safety for humans;
• lack of reaction to exposure to chemical environments, as well as mold and mildew
• the gap between the wall and the sandwich material is eliminated using some kind of heat insulator, for example, mineral wool;
• the outer side of the slopes is covered with an F-shaped profile to achieve an aesthetic effect

Before insulating window slopes, you need to measure the width of the gap. It should be noted that the choice of insulation is often associated with precisely this indicator, and therefore, with a gap of about 40 mm or more, it would be more reasonable to use polystyrene foam or expanded polystyrene. If the gap is less than the specified dimensions, mineral wool is used.

Thus, insulation of slopes is an important and necessary matter. For the result to be effective, work must be carried out simultaneously on the inside and outside of the window structure.

Facade facing thermal panels are presented in the form of special designs that perform two most important tasks– carry out insulation of the facade of the house and are a finishing material.

Thermal panels - facade decorative elements

Metal and rusticated facade panels have gained well-deserved popularity due to their relatively low cost and high speed ongoing installation work.

1 Features of facade thermal panels

It’s worth mentioning right away that the presented metal and rusticated facade panels of the Rockwool brand represent the most rational and environmentally friendly solution to the thermal insulation issue.

Before you start insulating the outer surface of your house with a product such as a façade sandwich panel, you should take into account that it can be compatible with any surface, be it stone or brick.

Insulating the facade of a house with Rockwool brand sandwich panels will give best results, if they are secured to an additional layer of foam.

By the way, unlike foam plastic, Rockwool sandwich panels, stylized as stone or brick, significantly improve not only the heat-saving qualities of the facade, but also increase its aesthetic appeal.

In addition, the Rockwool sandwich panel can be attached to the outer surface of the facade (as opposed to foam plastic) on surfaces such as:

• Concrete;
• Expanded clay concrete;
• Classic brick on ;
• Plastered facade;
• Unplastered facade;
• Wall of a block house;
• Aerated concrete;
• Tree;
• Unfired raw brick.

Thermal panels, stylized as stone or brick, mostly have positive reviews, which is associated with a certain number of advantageous features.

For example, this may be the possibility of insulating old buildings with sandwich panels. Products such as rusticated thermal panels can, if necessary, insulate the facade of a house with a broken geometric shape.

It is almost impossible to carry out such insulation work using ordinary polystyrene foam. In particularly difficult cases, in order to insulate the uneven facade of the house, instead of polystyrene foam, it is first finished with lathing, which levels the working surface.

After this, the facade is covered with thermal panels or sandwich panels, which can be stylized as stone or brick.

2 Characteristics and properties of thermal panels

When finishing the outer surface of the facade with thermal panels, the period of installation work is significantly reduced.

In turn, this significantly reduces the total time spent on conducting construction work, and as a consequence their cost.

It is known that when carrying out construction work, a significant share of the costs is not only the purchase of materials and wages, but also rent scaffolding, with the help of which facade work will be carried out.

Installation of a thermal panel does not require the involvement of workers and specialists with highly qualified, because you can do it yourself without much difficulty.

To do this, by and large, you will need a minimum set of the most common tools. During installation you cannot do without:

• Electric drills;
• Construction knife;
• Hammer;
• Screwdrivers as shown.

Before you start installing insulation, you need to make sure that the surface of the walls is smooth and free of significant flaws.

Facade panels can be secured using glue, polystyrene foam or dowels. It is known that the presented panels cost significantly less than traditional brickwork, therefore, after carrying out simple calculations, you can find out the percentage of cost savings when carrying out insulation in this way.

The insulation, presented in the form of thermal panels, completely relieves the owner of the mandatory need associated with periodic repairs of the facade and restoration of the outer surface of the walls.

However, if the work is carried out without complying with the technology requirements, the insulating coating may be subject to deformation.

The presented material has a long service life, which is equal to more than fifty years, while maintaining the original color.

2.1 Product reviews

As already mentioned, reviews of facade panels with insulation are mostly positive.

Pavel, 45 years old, Izhevsk:

I recently purchased a resale home country house. I decided to do a major overhaul before moving in. When it came to insulating the facade, I bought and installed Rockwool thermal panels. Excellent insulation and, moreover, pleasing to the eye.

Sergey, 50 years old, Kramatorsk:

Lately I've been getting old heating system began to cope with her task poorly. I took up the external insulation of the facade. Rockwool sandwich panel was used as insulation. Now in all rooms optimal temperature. I recommend this insulation to everyone.

Vladimir, 43 years old, Zhitomir:

I am the foreman of a small construction team. We work mainly on private orders. When it comes to external insulation of house facades, we use Rockwool thermal panels. These products have long proven themselves to be the best. Clients are always satisfied, excellent material, we have no complaints about its quality.

2.2 Clinker thermal panels

The presented type of panels has clinker tiles as a decorative layer. If we talk about the degree of resistance to aggressive influences environment, then clinker is superior in performance to some types of natural stone.

This material has a large number of colors and is made using slate clay. Such raw materials are currently mined in Northwestern Europe.

This suggests that clinker is an absolutely environmentally friendly material that does not contain harmful chemical additives or impurities.

It is created by implementing the high-temperature firing method. Clinker panels exhibit high performance mechanical strength, with a low water absorption value.

This material is characterized by pronounced frost resistance and the ability to retain its properties throughout its entire service life.

In addition to the fact that clinker panels exhibit excellent thermal insulation and aesthetic properties, they demonstrate high sound insulation qualities.

In addition, the material acts as additional waterproofing. This material is used not only as insulation and decorative element facade, but also for interior finishing work.

2.3 Thermal panels with porcelain tiles

Ceramic granite is another type of insulation ceramic tiles. It is made from high-quality raw materials, during the process of firing, exposure high temperatures and pressure.

The result is a very densely compressed material that is practically immune to harmful environmental influences.

These indicators are significantly superior to natural stones. The presented thermal panels are especially appreciated by those home owners who prefer to design a façade that has a detailed textured surface.

Thermal panels made from porcelain tiles are large in size, which easily allows them to imitate masonry.

Typically, these products are used in homes whose appearance is oriented towards Mediterranean or scandinavian styles. Despite the substantial size of the slabs, they weigh little, which makes it easy to install them with your own hands.

2.4 Thermal panels with glazed tiles

This type of thermal panels is currently very popular. Their use is especially relevant in the process of finishing low-rise buildings.

The popularity of this material was already noticed in the 60s of the last century. Glazed tiles have a smooth surface and have heterogeneity color range, which gives the facade of the house a resemblance to natural brickwork.

This material is characterized by good appearance, ease of installation work, high strength characteristics and a minimum number of shortcomings.

2.5 Facade insulation using clinker thermal panels (video)

Thinking about how to clad a house made of shell rock, covered with ordinary rough cement plaster, I decided to choose panels with insulation. Facade facing panels with insulation are a convenient and interesting option, but finishing with this material has many nuances and subtleties.

I will share my experience using the example of panels from cement mixture with additives of a beautiful texture, insulated with a layer of polystyrene foam. But first, the options that can be found in a large hardware store.

Types of panels - advantages and disadvantages

The very principle of the thermal panel design is several layers of finishing. A layer of insulation, an adhesive base and decorative coating with additional protective functions. Today there are four sandwich options that are quite affordable.

• Clinker tiles as a decorative layer look stylish and allow you to create any facade design. In this finish, the supporting layer is made of OSB, which gives the material additional rigidity.
  For the base, it is better to choose a material that is additionally reinforced with pressed metal or plastic bushings. It's more reliable. In addition, such cladding can be installed with your own hands.

• Layer decorative plaster on polystyrene foam - there are many options. As decoration, you can choose the addition of marble chips or quartz. The advantage of such panels is the ability to create an ideal seamless finishing surface.

The photo shows the rules for installing metal panels

• The metal coating is reliable and durable. The insulation is protected on both sides by aluminum or profiled sheets. You can choose any one - wood or stone, but it will cost more.
  The disadvantage of metal is its heavy finish; the instructions do not recommend installation on old walls without additional strengthening and reinforcement.

A concrete coating with additional strengthening additives and an interesting “torn” texture. Insulation – a layer of polystyrene foam. The most budget option.

You can buy it at mini-factories for half the price than in the store. This is exactly the finish I chose for myself. You can paint it like sandstone, marble or wild stone.

Panels for insulating the facade of a house made of pressed concrete with the addition of strengthening and water-repellent additives can be mounted on any walls with rough plaster. Ideally smooth out all the imperfections and imperfections.

Rules for cladding with any sandwich panels

Since I am familiar with many problems firsthand, I will share the main nuances that are important to pay attention to.

Rule #1

It is important to calculate the loads on the foundation and walls, especially in old buildings with shallow strip foundation. Some insulated panels for facades have considerable weight ( concrete covering or metal). For clinker tiles, you will need to install sheathing.

The architects advised under no circumstances to choose wood for the sheathing. Even treated with a deep penetration primer, it quickly begins to rot, and wood-boring beetles love it very much. Only metal lathing, as for drywall.

It is also important to consider the strength of the walls. If the building is old, then it is necessary to carry out additional strengthening reinforcement with a metal mesh and apply a layer of starting leveling plaster with strengthening additives.

If you don’t want to pay architects’ calculations for bearing capacity walls, then it’s better to choose a lightweight option for exterior finishing- By metal frame or light clinker tiles.

Rule #2

Be sure to look for a professional construction team, because correcting poor performance will be problematic. This is exactly what happened to me. I hired craftsmen, they assured me that they worked with this material, but what I got was not walls - but a chessboard without worn-out seams. I had to spend money on additional painting with decorative additives.

Let the craftsmen show their work, don’t be lazy, go and look at the site, talk to the owners. Nowadays there are a lot of “craftsmen” who can “do everything”, but in the end they simply spoil good material.

Rule #3

When choosing thermal panels for insulating the facade of a house, immediately think about the design concept for the entire facade. Now for five thousand rubles you can order sketches from the design office different options finishing by texture and color.

Then redoing and purchasing additional materials will not only be more troublesome, but also significantly more expensive. Of the most interesting options, I can recommend inexpensive and beautiful combinations:

• Base made of metal and decorative plaster;
• The plinth is made of textured pressed cement and wood-look siding - the plinth can then be designed to look like timber or wild stone. Lots of decor options.
• Clinker tiles are very “delicate”; they are good to use as decorative inserts for panels covered with “torn” plaster.

For the basement of an old house, a brick-like metal thermal panel is ideal, and above it can be insulated with light plastered slabs.

Rule #4

Decide immediately what layer of insulation is needed. The thicker the layer, the more expensive the finish. But in some cases it is worth paying more. This applies to the basement and those walls of the house where there is the most traffic.

Here the finish must be durable and resistant to ground moisture. Metal panels, protected on both sides, are the most reliable for the base and corners.

If the region has strong temperature changes or harsh winters, then you should choose not ordinary polystyrene foam, but self-leveling foam. This material retains heat better and is not afraid of moisture.

Rule #5

When decorating a facade with sandwich panels, you cannot skimp on protective and disinfectant impregnations, because then you will have to replace the entire cladding.

• Before installing the sheathing, be sure to treat the walls with an antiseptic and deep-penetrating strengthening primer. The northern walls are even done in two steps, every day.
• If the lathing is made of wood, then we treat the wood with a protective primer, and in addition you can paint it.
• It is important not to forget about organization ventilation gaps- this applies to all materials that are attached to the sheathing, no matter whether metal or wood.
• If there is a close occurrence on the site groundwater, then additional waterproofing of the base is necessary. A resin or roofing material coating is suitable.

Thermal panels for insulating the facade of a house save up to 40 percent of heating costs, plus they guarantee dry walls and a comfortable indoor microclimate.

Resume

The video presented in this article describes in detail the installation of thermal panels on a metal sheathing.

I will be glad to discuss this interesting topic in the comments, and in the near future I promise a detailed article with photographs of the “masterpiece” of my craftsmen. Maybe someone can advise interesting option painting.

If you want to express gratitude, add a clarification or objection, or ask the author something - add a comment or say thank you!

Sandwich panels are produced by manufacturers ready for use, so the issue of finishing in some cases does not arise at all. For example, during construction production premises. The product is a three-layer structure consisting of two sheets of galvanized steel and a heat-insulating layer between them. Used as insulation basalt wool or foamed synthetic materials: expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam and others.

The front surfaces can be smooth or grooved, coated with polymer resins. Due to this, the slabs are produced in various colors, which allows you to create interesting geometric combinations on the outside of the building. Developers take advantage of this quality industrial enterprises, so as not to additionally solve the question of how to finish the sandwich panels. It's a completely different matter when we're talking about on the construction of private houses. If outside you can still get by with the appearance of the slabs themselves, then inside the premises they should certainly be covered.

Area of ​​use

Sandwich panels are used in construction frame houses, as a filler between drains and cross members of the main frame. They are used for exterior decoration as self-constructed or as part of a suspended ventilated facade. This material serves as both insulation and cladding. There are special three-layer roofing products. Both of them are equipped with all kinds of additional elements and layouts, so that during installation you can close the joints and decorate the edges, corners, and transitions. In addition, the products themselves are produced with tongue-and-groove locks, so they are easily and tightly mounted. They can be attached to the sheathing or to a flat surface, if it is level.

Recently, insulated slabs have become often used for interior work. They make them internal partitions, stationary and mobile, they are used to insulate external walls from inside premises, as well as balconies and loggias. It has become especially popular to use sandwich panels for finishing windows, or rather, slopes. In this case, sandwiches with extreme layers not made of metal, but of plastic and with a thinner layer of insulation.

Slope cladding

With the advent plastic windows The problem immediately arose as to how and with what the finishing of the slopes should be done. We tried everything - high-quality plaster, and plastic panels and many other options. But the most best solution came with the advent of three-layer material. Finishing window slopes with “sandwich” panels simultaneously eliminates “cold bridges” and gives the window opening a complete look. The work is simple and quite affordable to do it yourself. The cladding of window slopes should be done before finishing the walls. These works are done in this order:

• all surfaces around are cleaned window frame from dust, dirt, solution build-up;
• a window sill is installed; Most often, a solution based on cement and lime is used for this; to avoid sagging, metal strips are laid under the window sill, and for insulation, the lower part and sides are wrapped in felt; Before use, the insulation is impregnated with an antiseptic to prevent it from rotting and the appearance of insects;
• sealing of voids and junctions of the window and window sill to the opening is carried out polyurethane foam; frozen foam cut with a paint knife flush with the main surfaces;
• The sandwich panel is cut according to preliminary measurements of the top and sides; the material can be cut very well with a jigsaw or metal file;
• work begins from the upper slope: the starting slope is attached to the frame with self-tapping screws plastic profile, into which the sandwich is inserted the right size with a slight slope; the internal gap is filled with polyurethane foam or liquid nails and pressed against the wall;
• the side parts of the slope finishing are fastened in a similar way; you need to ensure that the slopes fit tightly to the sides of the opening, and excess adhesives should be removed immediately and thoroughly;
• They finish lining the slopes with sandwich panels by attaching the finishing frame in the form of corners to liquid nails.

There are other ways to install window slopes using brackets, sheathing and other devices. But these methods are more complex and time-consuming. They are used in special cases when the design of the window opening or frame requires it.

From the above it is clear what to do with your own hands and installation work installing window sills and window slopes is not such a terrible problem. Moreover, this method of protecting a window opening is successfully used not only for plastic frames, but also for wooden ones. This means that to build beautiful frame window unit is possible without changing the window itself. Moreover, manufacturers have learned to design the front surfaces of sandwiches in the most different colors and shades, including “wood, marble, granite.” The plastic used is glossy, semi-gloss, matte. Cladding with sandwich slabs window openings can be matched to any interior style.

Interior wall decoration made from sandwiches

The premises of frame houses, the outer walls of which are made of “sandwich” slabs, are undoubtedly subject to interior finishing. Since the panel itself inside the room will look too dull and official. At the same time, methods and materials can be absolutely any. Will only be needed for finishing preliminary preparation. Let’s say it’s impossible to paste wallpaper onto sandwiches. Therefore, you will first have to cover the walls with plasterboard. It may be necessary to accept additional measures For better insulation walls For this purpose, a layer of insulation is laid between the frame profiles, and then it is covered with sheets of plasterboard. The following is the standard procedure: sealing the joints with putty with reinforcing tape, grouting the heads of the screws and wallpapering, tiling, textured plaster, painting over finishing putty.

Some interior styles require presence large quantity tree. In this case, the owner of the house can use his talent and sheathe the walls beautiful lining, imitation timber, wooden wallpaper. To do this, you need to arrange a frame of beams along the surfaces of the walls, arranging them in such a way that the cladding lies as intended - in a vertical or horizontal position. If the building was built in frame version and does not require additional insulation, then it is not necessary to arrange the sheathing, but wood cladding can be attached to frame posts. All work can be done with your own hands, showing maximum imagination. The main thing is to select materials with taste and install them according to all the rules of finishing art.