1. "Smile"

Keep your lips stretched out in a smile. The teeth are not visible.

2. "Fence"

Smile (teeth visible). Keep your lips in this position.

3. "Chick"

4. “Let’s punish the naughty tongue”

Open your mouth slightly, put your tongue on your lower lip and, smacking it with your lips, say “five-five-five...”.

5. "Spatula"

Place a wide, relaxed tongue on your lower lip.

6. "Tube"

Open your mouth, stick out your wide tongue and bend its side edges up.

7. "Let's lick our lips"

Open your mouth. Slowly, without lifting your tongue, lick first the upper, then the lower lip in a circle.

8. "Let's brush our teeth"

“Brush” the lower teeth with the tip of your tongue inside(from left to right, from top to bottom). The lower jaw is motionless.

9. "Watch"

Stretch your lips into a smile. Open your mouth slightly. Using the tip of your narrow tongue, alternately touch the corners of your mouth.

10. "Snake"

Open your mouth. Push the narrow tongue forward and put it back into the mouth. Do not touch lips and teeth.

11. "Nut"

Close your mouth, press your tense tongue against one cheek, then the other.

12. "Put the ball into the goal"

Place your wide tongue on your lower lip and smoothly, with the sound F, blow out a cotton ball lying on the table between two cubes. The cheeks should not puff out.

13. "Pussy is angry"

Open your mouth. Place the tip of your tongue against your lower teeth. Lift your tongue up. The back of the tongue should be arched, like a cat's back when she is angry.

Competent and clear, intelligible and understandable speech of a preschooler is the dream of any parent, but situations often arise when problems in pronouncing sounds are so obvious that it is impossible to do without the intervention of professionals. Important acquire speech therapy classes for children aged 5-6 years, conducted at home. Various exercises performed by children under the strict guidance of loving parents often turn out to be more effective and useful than regular meetings with a speech pathologist.

Speech development of children 5-6 years old

5-6 years is a crucial period in a child’s life, since it begins. And if a year ago it was possible to blame all the problems on a young age, now you have to face the truth - if a child does not pronounce most of the sounds correctly, gets confused, cannot construct a coherent sentence, then a serious problem is obvious and you cannot put off a visit to a professional any longer .

Children at this age should already speak coherently, have developed phonemic awareness, be able to formulate narrative, interrogative and incentive offers. A normal rate of speech is formed by the age of five; slow or, on the contrary, very fast and unclear speech at this age is extremely undesirable.

Also among the speech norms is the following.

• Correct pronunciation of all sounds - each of them must sound clearly both as part of a syllable and word, and in the whole sentence.
• Ability to convey exclamatory and interrogative intonation.
• The vocabulary is becoming more and more rich; parents will no longer be able to list all the words that their child knows; there are about 3 thousand of them. Also at this age, many children actively come up with new words, funny and unusual, which will be forgotten over time. Involuntary memory is actively developing, so kids can easily remember expressions they just heard.
• Speech begins to contain phrases that are complex in construction, sentences become more and more detailed, and the child is able to talk in detail about the event he witnessed.
• By the age of 5-6 years, the traditionally “difficult” phonemes [p] and [l] should already be clearly heard in the speech of children, but if this does not happen, then there is a problem and the help of a speech therapist is required.

You can understand that the speech development of a five-year-old child corresponds to his age by his ability to come up with a coherent story based on a picture, the presence in his speech of various parts of speech, abstract and generalizing words. Errors such as incorrect use of forms plural(“apples” instead of “apples”) they only say that the preschooler does not yet have enough knowledge to correctly construct a phrase, and they have nothing to do with speech problems.

Each child is an individual, so his “results” are best assessed not in comparison with other children, but by comparing his own results of different periods.

Possible speech defects

There are situations when children, without any problems, are simply too lazy to say words out loud, confident that they will be understood anyway. Parents should note special attention on the baby if he speaks little, confuses syllables and words, does not understand the meaning of what was said - most often this is due to various speech defects that will have to be corrected in speech therapy classes.

There are several types of speech impairment possible:

• stuttering;
• dyslalia – children with normal hearing and speech apparatus confuse the consonant phonemes [r] and [l], [w] and [z].
• nasality - pronouncing words “in the nose”, which makes understanding the child very problematic;
• the child does not understand the parents’ speech and does not speak himself;
• pronounces sounds incorrectly – difficulties with articulation.

In case of any of them, you should start speech therapy classes - with a professional defectologist and at home, otherwise the child will remain behind. speech development and he may not be accepted secondary school, suggest visiting a specialized institution. But the situation can be corrected through speech therapy.

In what cases should you visit a specialist?

There are several signs that indicate your child's speech needs professional help:

• very poor vocabulary;
• inability to pronounce correctly large number sounds;
• incorrect choice of word, lack of correlation between the word and the object to which it refers;
• constant omission of some syllables in words;
• slow or, on the contrary, very fast speech, pronouncing most words in syllables;
• slurred speech, stuttering;
• constant hesitations and pauses.

In these cases, it is necessary to show the child to a speech therapist, possibly a neurologist, as quickly as possible, this will help identify the causes of the disorders and eliminate them.

Role of parents

You should not assume that classes with a speech therapist alone will help the child completely solve the problem - parents should take a direct part in this. The child spends most of his time at home, so training should be carried out there.

Speech therapists advise parents to adhere to the following rules.

• Do not scold the baby for mistakes he has made in pronouncing sounds, but correct them.
• Encourage the child for his efforts and success, listen carefully to what he says about classes with a speech therapist, and show sincere interest.
• Ensure that the speech of family members is literate and correct.
• Before showing this or that exercise to a preschooler, you should practice in front of the mirror, check that everything is working out clearly and correctly.
• Ensure that children complete the speech therapist’s homework.
• Strives to ensure that every task is completed to the end, correctly, and diligently.
• Conduct classes daily - they can be small, but mandatory, they should become a good habit.

Specialist speech pathologists advise creating an atmosphere for the baby correct speech: often read poems, fairy tales, sing songs to him, discuss any natural phenomena with the child, but it is better to minimize watching TV.

Building a Home Lesson

Speech therapy exercises and speech gymnastics should be performed at home; this will help consolidate the skills and abilities acquired from the defectologist and make speech clearer and more understandable. It is best to conduct them in a playful way so as not to tire the baby - this will help him not to lose interest, not get tired, and enjoy a useful pastime.

The first stage of any lesson (unless the speech therapist suggests otherwise) is articulatory gymnastics, which will prepare the speech apparatus for further work and help stretch the tongue and ligaments. While doing the exercises, kids simultaneously train those muscles that are actively involved in the process of pronouncing sounds.

All exercises are done while sitting, preferably in front of a mirror, so that the baby can control himself. Each is repeated several times, depending on the individual preparation of the child.

Parents can perform a large number of exercises with children 5-6 years old, helping them cope with speech problems.

• Pronounce pure phrases that contain both the problematic sound and sounds similar to it. For example, when setting the sound [s], you can use the following: “My sister and I brought sausage to the owl in the forest.” There are many words in this pure phrase with this sound.
• Pronouncing rhymes with problematic sounds.

To improve the pronunciation of the sound [r], the following poem is suitable:

Ra-ra-ra - the kids are frolicking!

Ro-ro-ro - we're giving away good things!

Ru-ru-ru - we draw a kangaroo!

Ry-ry-ry - the dog crawled out of the hole!

In speech therapy encyclopedias you can get acquainted with a large number of various rhymes for setting each sound and choose those that are suitable for a particular child. This is the general structure of the lesson.

Articulation gymnastics is the best warm-up

You should invite your child to perform exercises aimed at training various muscle groups. Their description is presented in the table.

You shouldn’t include all the exercises in your workout; you need to choose 2-3 of them and work them out properly, but at the same time carefully ensure that all muscle groups are involved during the week. The easiest way is to create a lesson plan for seven days, in which you describe on which day which exercise will be performed.

Each exercise from the complex, which suggests fixing a certain position, is first performed for 5 seconds, gradually increasing the duration to 30. The parent can count out loud, this will help the child remember the numbers.

Variety of forms and games

To prevent a preschooler from getting bored of repeating the same thing several times, you should think of an unusual game scenario, give him different tasks:

• not just pronounce words, but make rhythmic movements with your feet or hands in time with them;
• “teach” the toy a simple phrase or rhyme, show how to pronounce the text correctly;
• pronounce the text, imagining yourself as a fox or a bunny, make appropriate facial expressions and gestures.

You can make a speech therapy session even more exciting if you dress the baby in the costume of the animal being depicted.

Rhymes and sayings can not only be pronounced, but also sung, coming up with a suitable motive for them.

Stimulate development fine motor skills, which is directly connected to the speech center, can be done by performing finger gymnastics– putting special puppets on your fingers, create dramatizations, while simultaneously pronouncing poems and phrases with the sound being practiced. For example, when working on the phoneme [p], you can offer a preschooler a pig finger puppet and ask him to grunt.

To prevent your child from getting tired, every 5-10 minutes of class you should take a break and study breathing exercises. For example, “Dandelion” - take a deep breath through your nose, as if inhaling the aroma of flowers, and then exhale through your mouth, as if blowing on a fluffy dandelion.

Cognitive activities

Games for speech development should also be educational in nature. But parents are required to be creative and prepare.

There are several options for such games.

• Select in advance several cards with illustrations that show words with problematic sounds (these could be animals, birds, vegetables, household items), and ask the child to name them, give brief description, complement his story. This will help improve your pronunciation and gain new information.
• “Take a guess.” The adult hides some object, the name of which contains the sound being practiced (for example, if it is the phoneme [r], then you can hide a toy giraffe), after which he begins to tell the baby a number of characteristics: this is an animal, with a long neck, spotted skin. The child’s task is to guess the animal and try to pronounce its name.
• Working with pictures. The parent selects an illustration and thinks of an object on it that has a problematic sound in its name, after which he begins to describe it. The child’s task is to understand what it is about, show it in the picture and say the name.

With the help of such exercises, preschoolers not only additionally practice pronouncing individual sounds, but also learn new information about the world around them.

The importance of speech therapy lessons and their continuation at home should not be underestimated, since 5-6 years is the time when a child can still solve most of his speech problems and start studying at school along with other children. If time is lost, then there is a risk that he will have a lot of difficulties in the future, including various complexes and self-doubt.

When a child of 2-3 years old still does not speak, parents panic. It seems to them that if the neighbor's children speak very well, then theirs, however, this is not so. Speech therapists say that every child is individual. You can practice at home. In this article you can familiarize yourself with exercises, tips and tricks that will help interest your child. You will learn why speech therapy classes for children are needed. 2-3 years is the age of interest in everything and curiosity. Therefore, you will not have any problems.

Speech therapy classes at home

Each child is individual. One starts talking early, the other starts talking late. Of course, all parents worry when their 2-year-old toddler does not want to speak at all, but only points his finger. To prevent such incidents from happening, it is necessary to regularly conduct speech therapy sessions with children.

First of all, your child needs regular communication. In order for him to be interested in spending time with adults, he needs to interest the baby. Then 2-3 years will be useful - the age when a child should be able to speak at least individual words. If this does not happen, then pay maximum attention to the exercises.

Most often based on imitation. Kids try to copy those around them. These are actions, words, gestures, facial expressions, etc. A 2-3 year old child is restless and does not know how to concentrate, so it is best to work with him when he wants it. First of all, parents need to achieve emotional contact with the child. When this happens, you can safely engage with your baby, play or just communicate.

Warm-up: finger games

Few people believe that they are developing speech. However, this is scientifically proven. Therefore, try to pay attention. Here are some examples:

1. Place your thumb and index finger together. Let the rest be raised and spread out. Show the children this cockerel, saying: “Our Petya the Cockerel, the golden comb, went to the market and bought one boot.”
2. Close your thumb and index fingers and tap them on the table. At this time, say: “The chicken came and found a grain, did not eat it herself, but took it to the children.”
3. Close the thumb with the two middle fingers, and simply bend the little finger and index finger slightly, saying: “The mouse is gnawing on the dryers, the cat has come, the mouse has crawled into a hole.”
4. Arch your phalanges into different sides, saying at the same time: “Our fingers are very friendly, everyone needs them. We need to count the brothers, there are five of them on one hand. There are no less of them on the second, they are all good, because my fingers.”

Finger gymnastics is a warm-up that every child needs to get him interested in a further lesson. After all, speech therapy classes for children require perseverance. 2-3 years is the age of fidgets. Therefore, we first interest the baby, and then we begin the exercise.

Articulation gymnastics

Before conducting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old at home, it is necessary to develop the muscles of the tongue. This is why it is needed. It is advisable to spend it together with the baby in front of the mirror:

• Let the child imagine that the tongue is a brush. His mouth should be slightly open. The tongue should be drawn across the palate towards the throat and back to the teeth.
• Exercise “Tongue on a swing”. At the same time, open your mouth wide. At this time, the tongue lies under the lower teeth. Then lift its tip under the upper teeth. This exercise must be done at least four times.
• "Delicious jam." You need to lick your upper lips first with your tongue, then move on to the lower lips. Do the exercise 5 times.
• Brush your teeth with your tongue. Open your mouth wide. Run the tongue first over the lower teeth, then over the upper teeth. Do this exercise 4-5 times.

This is how speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) are held at home. However, the child will have fun and interest only when you engage with the baby in the game, and not force him.

Onomatopoeia: who sounds? What's knocking?

When you have successfully completed finger and articulation gymnastics, you can begin to study sounds or syllables. To do this, you need to imitate the sounds of animals or objects with your child. Say the following phrases to your baby:

1. “Our frog is the head of the swamp, sits on the sand and says: “Kva-kva.”
2. “The cockerel was afraid to fall into the river and kept shouting: “Ku-ka-re-ku.”
3. “My bell rings ding-ding all day long.”
4. “The bunny gnaws the carrot appetizingly and creates a little noise: “Chrum-crunch.”
5. “The rain says: “Drip, drip.” You need to take an umbrella with you.”
6. “The horse runs merrily and clatters its hooves. This is not a boot, but the sound of a knocking “clack-clack-clack.”
7. “The pig says: “Oink-oink, I’ll give you some candy.”
8. “The clock gives us a sign of time and it sounds “tick-tock”.”
9. “A steam locomotive travels around the world and repeats: “Too-too, I’m going.”
10. “Anechka got lost in the forest and called her friends: “Ay-ay.”

Speech therapy classes for children (2-3 years old) the houses are very useful and exciting. In a playful way, you and your baby can achieve great success.

Logorhythmics

Such activities help children not only master speech, but also expand their vocabulary. Speech therapy rhythms develop a child’s motor skills, speech, thinking, memory, and attention. Exercises are given to children from two years old. When your child speaks poorly, let him repeat only what he remembers. If he does not speak at all, then the adult sings, and at this time the child’s hearing develops and his speech reserve is replenished.

Speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old are interesting and exciting. When you start singing and doing the exercise, the child will become interested, and he will involuntarily begin to repeat after you. There are several exciting games:

• "For a walk." You need to read aloud a verse to which the baby repeats certain movements:

Our legs(reaches palms to feet)

walking along the path(slaps his hands on his knees).

Over the bumps, over the bumps(moves in slow steps)

all the flowers step over(raises his legs high).

• Game "Weather". The child sits on a high chair and listens to slow music. When you say: “It’s raining,” he pats his knees with his palms in rhythm. Hearing the words: “Lightning has appeared,” the baby rings the bell. When you said: “Thunder is thundering,” the child stomps his feet loudly. When the word “silence” is said, the baby becomes silent and sits motionless for a minute.
• Do exercises, saying: “First, we raise our handles “one-two-three”, then we lower our handles. We'll stomp our feet, clap our hands, jump, run, and we'll finish our exercises. And we will begin to walk quietly again.”

These are interesting speech therapy classes for children 2-3 years old. Exercises should be carried out only with musical accompaniment. Then the child will really like such activities, and he will please you with his successes.

Games for hearing development

These activities are necessary for the child to develop hearing. Children must identify sounds. This could be the sound of rain, thunder, a dog barking or a cat purring, etc. Speech therapy classes with non-speaking children 2-3 years old should be carried out as usual. Remember, this is not a pathology, but most likely laziness, which needs to be overcome with the help of exciting exercises.

Let your baby listen to 2 sounds, for example, a baby crying and a vacuum cleaner running. Let the little one determine who or what is making the sound. When tasks are already easy for him, you can complicate the exercise. Let your baby listen to 3 different sounds, and then 4. If he is in no hurry to speak, then help him and do not scold the baby.

Poems for speech development

Speech therapist classes for children 2-3 years old can be carried out by parents at home. If you practice with your baby every day, then he will start talking faster than you expect.

Poems are an integral part of speech development. It is important that there is a simple rhyme, then it will be more interesting for the child to practice:

1. “There was a small fight in the river. Something was not shared between the two cancers.”
2. “Our dear turtle always hides in her shell out of fear.”
3. “Topotushki, topotushki, a bunny is jumping at the edge of the forest. He was tired and sat down and ate a carrot.”

Poems for children 2-3 years old are offered very small so that the child can easily remember them. When you see that the baby begins to recite small rhymes in full, then you can complicate the task.

Pure talk

They are also necessary for the development of the baby’s speech. Pure sayings, like poems, should be short and easy to remember:

• "Oh-oh-oh - our cat isn't so bad."
• “Uh-uh-uh - our rooster crowed.”
• "Ah-ah-ah - we are standing on our feet."
• “Sha-sha-sha - mom’s noodles turned out delicious.”
• “Shu-shu-shu - I’ll ask daddy.”
• “Shi-shi-shi - how the reeds rustled.”

You can come up with such pure sayings yourself. It all depends on which letters the baby cannot pronounce.

Nowadays, it is very common to find non-speaking children aged 2-3 years. This does not mean that the child has speech problems. Speech therapists say that there is no need to worry until the age of three. However, speech therapy classes for children still wouldn’t hurt. 2-3 years is an inquisitive age, so kids will be happy to exercise if they are interested.

The first few lessons should last no more than 3 minutes. Then you can gradually increase the time. It is important that the baby likes it. If you see that the child is tired and doesn’t want to study, don’t force him. Postpone exercises until your baby is in the mood for exercise.

It's better to exercise a little every day. Then the baby develops skills, habits and memory. Don't scold him for incorrect movements and pronunciation. Remember, your baby is just learning. Don't discourage him from studying. After all, if you scold and punish, then nothing good will come of it.

Conclusion

In the article we got acquainted with several types of games. They are excellent for speech development. From this we can conclude that the exercises are not difficult. Therefore, speech therapist classes with children 2-3 years old can be carried out by the mother at home. The main thing is to follow the recommendations of experts.

Thanks to the above games, you will well replenish your child’s vocabulary, help you think logically, imagine and fantasize. Children's memory improves, they become more diligent and begin to speak faster: first some sounds, then syllables. Many kids, with the help of such games, immediately spoke not in words, but in sentences. So don’t worry about your baby’s speech. Daily activities will help you and your baby achieve great success.

Most preschoolers have some kind of speech problem. Fortunately, you can correct the situation yourself by regularly performing simple exercises with your child.

If your baby doesn’t pronounce some sounds, “crumples” words, or speaks as if he’s put porridge in his mouth, don’t despair! Most often, problems with speech are age-related, and by school most children begin to speak clearly and correctly. Of course, there are also difficult cases when you cannot do without a speech therapist. But first, you should try to improve your child’s speech with home exercises.

Rules for working with your baby

Speech therapy classes for a preschooler should be done in a playful way, otherwise the child may not want to study. Conduct classes regularly, 2-3 times a day. Start with 3-5 minutes, gradually increasing the lesson time to 15-20. Best time for classes - after breakfast and after nap. Postpone exercise if your child is in a bad mood, sick or tired. Do the exercises with your child, show all the movements by example. Conduct the lesson in front of a mirror so that the baby can see how his lips and tongue move.

Speech therapy exercises

We are used to thinking that speech therapists are needed only for those children who do not pronounce all sounds. Most often, problems are caused by “r”, “l”, “ts”, hissing words. However, it also happens that the baby has mastered pronunciation, but still speaks unclearly, quietly, indistinctly, incomprehensibly, misses sounds or syllables, and confuses them. Therefore, speech therapy exercises are aimed not only at staging sound pronunciation, but also at the overall development of speech.

Exercise No. 1. Articulation gymnastics

Start each lesson with gymnastics that stimulates the muscles of the speech apparatus. Offer your baby:

• stick your tongue out as far as possible, touch the tip of your tongue to your nose and chin;
• lick lips;
• make the tongue wide and relaxed; roll into a tube; raise its edges (spatula shape);
• “clean” your teeth by running your tongue along their inner surface;
• move your tongue back and forth across the roof of your mouth (as if a painter is painting the ceiling).

Exercise No. 2. Development of phonemic hearing

For children 4-5 years old, exercises that develop the perception of sounds are useful. Play this game: let the child pretend to be asleep (lie in his arms, close his eyes), and you slowly pronounce the words. Hearing a certain sound (for example, “a”), the baby should “wake up.” Other variations of the same game: clap your hands, jump, stand up when you hear a sound.

Exercise No. 3. Onomatopoeia

This game, beloved by children, is very useful for speech development. Together with your baby, imagine the sound of a motor, a flying airplane, the gurgling of water, the mooing of a cow, the growling of a tiger, the cooing of a dove, etc.

Exercise No. 4. Working with the sound "r"

This is perhaps the most difficult sound for a baby to hear. To help your little one cope with it, play the following games:

• Invite your child to open his mouth slightly, place a relaxed tongue on his lower lip and blow with the sound “f” hard enough so that a cotton ball or pencil rolls on the table;
• teach your baby to click his tongue, imitating how a horse gallops;
• imitate a drum roll by tapping the tip of your tongue on the roof of your mouth.

Exercise No. 5. Working with the sound "l"

The following exercises will help you find the missing “l” sound:

• say “oo-oo-oo” with your tongue sticking out (as if a train is moving);
• press your tongue between your teeth and move it back and forth, as if you are trying to brush it;
• After biting your tongue a little, try to sing “lek-lek-lek.”

Exercise No. 6. Working with the sound "ts"

Bring your child’s hand to your lips and pronounce the sound “ts.” He should feel one touch of the air stream. Then bring his hand to his lips and ask him to repeat the sound. At the same time, you can pretend that you are telling someone to be quieter: “Tskstsk.”

Exercise No. 7. Working with hissing

The problem with the pronunciation of sibilants is so widespread that it occurs even in children's classics. For example, in “Deniska’s Stories” by Dragunsky: “... not a joke, not a detective, but a giggle!” To teach your preschooler to pronounce sibilants, try these exercises:

• let the baby “punish” his tongue by sticking it out slightly and spanking it with his lips, saying “five-five-five”;
• place the baby on the tip of your tongue small piece candy (marmalade or toffee) and ask to stick it on the roof of your mouth, right behind your upper incisors;
• hiss together: play snake, deflating balloon, boiling kettle.

The first sounds and words of a little man are quite funny and bring smiles to adults. However, no one will smile if they hear inverted words and incomprehensible phrases from an adult. Communication is important element our life. The ability to correctly and competently express one’s thoughts, the ability to clearly formulate answers to questions posed, as well as the ability to pronounce all sounds is something that not only children, but also adults should strive for.

Speech therapy classes for children at home are constant communication with the child in a playful way. Once your child is interested, you can engage with him by playing games for speech development such as

• finger games (games for developing fine motor skills)
• articulatory gymnastics
• games for hearing development, games for sound vibration and logorhythmics (poems with movements)
• poems for speech development and replenishment vocabulary

The most difficult thing is to interest the child. And this is a very serious task. After all, sitting down a little fidget is not so easy. In general, it is not necessary to sit him down; you can work with the child while he is playing in his hut or jumping on the sofa. Classes should be held in a playful way. Then it will be easier for you, and the child will learn the material without hysterics and whims.

Are you looking for speech therapy classes for children 2 - 3 years old?

A few tips before starting homeschooling with your children:

• classes should initially be short (2-3 minutes). Then we gradually increase them. Maximum 15-20 minutes at a time.
• The child should enjoy the activities. Don’t force or insist, as this can completely discourage your child from wanting to do anything.
• It’s better to practice more often, but little by little. Frequently performing the same exercise, the child develops a skill.
• use laughter during classes. Do not scold for incorrect pronunciation or if the child fails to do something. It’s better to find out with your child why his tongue is so naughty and how to fix it. It is better to be an ally and friend to a child than a strict teacher. How to properly praise a child.

I would like to dwell in more detail on each of the types of games that you need to play with your child.

Finger games are one of the types of development. There is a close relationship between the human hand and the speech center of the brain.

Learning texts using “finger” gymnastics stimulates the development of speech, spatial thinking, attention, imagination, and develops reaction speed and emotional expressiveness. The child remembers poetic texts better; his speech becomes more expressive.

You need to exercise every day for 5 minutes, then such exercises will be effective.

Articulation gymnastics is gymnastics for the tongue and lips. The tongue is the main muscle of the speech organs. The tongue must be trained and developed so that it can correctly perform certain specific movements, which are called sound pronunciation. Lips and tongue should be flexible and strong.

To perform articulatory gymnastics need a mirror. The child must see how his tongue works and where it is located. In order to bring the exercises to automaticity, you need to constantly practice. It is important to perform the exercises correctly and carefully monitor the position of the tongue.

You need to exercise every day for 5-7 minutes. Preferably 2 times a day. The result is correct and clear speech.

For correct sound pronunciation, it is also necessary to perform tasks that are aimed at developing the voice, breathing and speech hearing.

• Games for sounds, hearing development and logarithmics

Speech or phonemic hearing is the ability to correctly hear, recognize and differentiate sounds.

Games for hearing development

1. “Ears are rumors”

Target: consolidate the ability to differentiate sounds, develop auditory attention.

The speech therapist shows wooden and metal spoons and crystal glasses. Children name these objects. The teacher offers to listen to how these objects sound. Having installed the screen, he reproduces the sound of these objects in turn. Children recognize sounds and name the objects that make them.

2. “Who said “Meow?”

Target: improve the ability to distinguish the voices of domestic animals by ear.

Material: tape recorder, audio recording with the sounds of pets' voices.

3. “Who is standing at the traffic light?”

Target: develop auditory attention, recognize and name types of transport.

Material: tape recorder and audio recording with street noise.

The speech therapist plays an audio recording with street sounds. Children listen to sounds and name vehicles stopped at a traffic light ( passenger car, truck, tractor, motorcycle, cart, tram).

4. “Where is it ringing?”

Target: develop auditory attention, the ability to navigate in space with eyes closed.

Children stand with their eyes closed. A speech therapist with a bell moves silently around the group and rings. Children, without opening their eyes, point their hand in the direction of the sound source.

5. Finger game"Storm"

Target: coordinate the movement with the text, taking into account changes in the dynamics and tempo of the sound.

The speech therapist reads the words of the game, and the children perform movements according to the text.

Drops dripped (knock on the table with two index fingers).
It's raining (quietly knock with four fingers of both hands).
It pours like a bucket (tapping loudly with four fingers).
It started hailing (knock their finger bones, knocking out a fraction).
Thunder rolls (drum your fists on the table).
Lightning flashes (draw lightning in the air with your fingers, make the sound sh).
Everyone quickly runs home (clap your hands, hide your hands behind your back).
The sun is shining brightly in the morning (describe a large circle with both hands).

Speech imitation or onomatopoeia

This is the reproduction, following the speaker, of the sounds, words, and phrases he has spoken.

To play, use animal figures or pictures. Mothers and their babies. After all, the mother frog screams KVA, and the little frog screams KVA. Remember the fairy tale about the three bears, papa bear growls loudly, mama bear is quieter, and the cub squeaks.

Games to imitate household noises:

• The clock is ticking - TICK-TOCK
• Water is dripping - Drip-Drip
• The baby is stomping - TOP-TOP
• The hammer knocks KNOCK KNOCK
• Scissors cut CHICK-CHICK
• We swing on the swing KACH-KACH
• We eat carrots CRUM-CRUM
• The car is driving BBC

Speech therapy rhythmics or logorhythmics- a combination of movement, speech and music. The adult reads the verse and shows the movements, the child repeats. Nothing complicated. Children have fun and interesting. Of course, an adult needs to read and learn the necessary poems in advance and learn the movements to them. You also need to select musical accompaniment for the poems in advance. It is advisable to exercise in the afternoon 2-3 times a week.

Game "Walk" (development of general motor skills)
Along a narrow path (walking in place)
Our feet are walking (raising legs high)
By the pebbles, by the pebbles (shuffle from foot to foot at a slow pace)
And into the hole... bang! (sit on the floor on the last word)

• Poems for speech development - tongue twisters and vocabulary replenishment

Tongue twisters are short rhyming phrases. Tongue twisters are the best exercises to practice clarity and literacy of speech. Tongue twisters increase a child's vocabulary, improve diction, and also develop speech hearing.

In order for a child to speak competently and be able to express his thoughts and feelings, he needs his own vocabulary.

Your child's vocabulary consists of:

• passive vocabulary (those words that the child understands)
• active vocabulary (those words that the child speaks)

Initially, the child’s active vocabulary is small, but over time, the child will transfer those words that were in the passive dictionary to the active one. The larger the passive vocabulary, the better.

To increase your vocabulary, look at pictures together, read books, comment on your actions.

I use various manuals to work with my child; one of the latest successful acquisitions is “Big Album on Speech Development” and “Lessons of a Speech Therapist. Games for speech development."

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This book consists of 3 sections, for each section there are given detailed instructions how to practice

• finger gymnastics
  • 1 group. Exercises for the hands (pages 8-29)
  • 2nd group. Finger exercises are conditionally static (pages 30-47)
  • 3rd group. Dynamic finger exercises (pages 48-57)
• articulation gymnastics. Presented using fairy tales with verses, there are additional cards plus there are images of the correct result of the exercise. (pp. 64-110). Also in this section there are games for the development of speech hearing and auditory attention.
• tongue twisters. They are grouped according to “difficult” sounds, which helps your child practice specific sounds. (pp. 111-169)

I bought this book here. If you have questions about the book, please ask.

This book has 3 blocks, each for a specific age:

• Developing baby's speech (pages 6-89)
  • development of speech understanding
  • development of general motor skills
  • breathing exercises
  • finger games
  • articulatory gymnastics
  • onomatopoeia
• Developing speech younger preschooler(pp. 92-183). For children 3-6 years old
• Developing the speech of an older preschooler (pp. 186-277).

This book is great for increasing a child's vocabulary, development logical thinking, attention, memory and imagination.

I have not found the same book (on Ozone appeared), but is available separately books for kids children from 3 to 6 years old And older preschoolers. Which is also very convenient if you need a book for a 4-year-old child. I found this book when my son was already 3 years old. But I wasn’t worried, my daughter is growing up, and we will study the first block with her.

Engage with your child only when good mood, believe in your child, rejoice in his successes, help him overcome failures. Speech therapy classes with your child at home will help you become even closer and closer. Be patient and good luck!

How do you work with your child? What do you use for this? Does your child like to study? Please share in the comments your methods for developing speech in a child and how much time you spend doing certain exercises.

About how to teach a child to say what to do and what not to do.