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“Description of the Geographical Position of Africa” - D. Livingston. Vasily Vasilievich Junker. Cape of Good Hope. Features of the continent. Discovery and exploration of the continent. Physico- geographical location mainland. Plan for describing the mainland's FGP. Techniques for determining geographic location. Determine how the continent is located relative to the equator. On the Upper Nile. Vasco da Gama. Natives. Physical map of Africa. Egyptian pyramids. David Livingston. Sunset on the Nile River.

"Information about Africa" ​​- History. View of Africa from space. Groups of hunter-fishermen lived in the Sahara. Pyramid of Khafre and the Great Sphinx on the Giza plateau. Africa during the Stone Age. The uniqueness of Africa. Africa was part of a single continent. Animals of Africa. Origin of the name. Ruins of Carthage. Africa. Origin of man. Extreme points. Terracotta figurine, Nok culture. Africa's population is about a billion people.

“Africa is the hottest continent” - Namib. Africa. The hottest continent. Passage of the cold Benguela Current. Climate. Constant winds blowing from tropical latitudes to the equator. Constant winds. High temperature air. Circulation. Sunny continent. Known deposits. Kalahari Desert. Places where it doesn't rain for years. Geographic cross. Desert. Passage of the warm Mozambique Current. Lines on a climate map.

“Africa in the system of international relations” - The goal of NEPAD. Fertility of the earth. New large-scale program. Cholera epidemic. Africa in the system international relations. Peacekeeping efforts. New trend. TNK channels. Europeans. Situation. Farming system. Share in world GDP. Price. African theme. The problem of the African continent. Leaders of the G8. GDP growth. Organizations. Intertribal conflicts. Final document. Capital inflow.

“Description of Africa” - Africa. Snakes (mambas, pythons), lizards, frogs and invertebrates can be found everywhere. The most common languages ​​are Arabic, English, French And African languages. Common inhabitants of the rivers are crocodiles. African Marabou. The modern population consists mainly of representatives of two races: Arabs and Anglo-South Africans. Animal world Africa is amazingly rich. Birds: African ostriches, marabou, secretary bird that feeds on snakes.

“Geography “Map of Africa”” - Sahara. Wet equatorial forests. Extreme points. Madagascar. Somalia. Geographical location of Africa. GP recording forms. Heart of Africa. Eurasia. Unique Africa. Conclusions about the climate of Africa. Geographical location of Africa. Atlantic Ocean. Strait of Gibraltar. Suez Canal. Choose the correct statements. Map of the continent's characteristics. Climatic zones. Life in the desert. GP plan. Africa. What cards are needed?

The purpose and objectives of the lesson: to begin the formation of students’ ideas and knowledge about the characteristics of Africa, to recall those already known and to analyze new terms and concepts with students, to continue to develop in students the ability to determine the geographical location of an object, to introduce them to the physical and geographical position of Africa, to teach how to characterize FGP mainland. Show the features of the geographical location of the continent of Africa. Continue developing the ability to work with cards.

Equipment: map of the hemispheres and physical map of Africa (or interactive map, if available), atlases, contour maps of Africa.

Terms and concepts: geographical location of the continent, extreme points, coastline, history of exploration of the continent.

1. Organizational moment.

(Video clip about Africa included)

Deafened by the roar and stomp
Cloaked in flames and smoke
About you, my Africa, in a whisper
Seraphim speak in the sky
About your deeds and fantasies,
Listen to the animal soul
You, on the tree of ancient Eurasia
A gigantic hanging pear.

Today you and I must get acquainted with the amazing continent and make an amazing journey into the magical and often exotic world of Africa, its beauty and grandeur. Today in the lesson we will meet face to face with this unusual continent. They say that whoever at least once inhaled the dust of its red earth, heard the beat of tom-toms, saw its mysterious world in the glow of fires, it will be difficult for him to return from this mysterious world

How to find out where this continent is?
A traveler without a map is not used to
Let's just get out of this situation:
We'll create a map in an instant.

(We launch an interactive physical map of Africa on the computer)

Among the continents of the Earth, Africa occupies a special position. In size, Africa is second only to Eurasia: its area is 29.2 million km 2, or 1/5 of the landmass of our planet. Africa is a continent of contrasts. Near? its territories are occupied by deserts and semi-deserts. Snow caps rise above the expanses of savannas. In Africa flows the deepest river in the eastern hemisphere (look at the map and name it) and the longest river in the world (identify it on the map).

Today we begin to study Africa. Look at the board and read the topic of the lesson. Make a plan for studying the topic.

(Students’ answers are listened to and discussed)

In order to characterize the physical and geographical position of the continent, it is necessary to answer the questions of the plan.

(At the end of the textbook in the appendix, page 311, (Korinskaya, Dushina))

Throughout the lesson, students fill out the table.

Having determined the geographical position of the continent by physical map world, students can answer the following questions: what is the main feature of the geographical location of Africa?

Practical work with the map, drawing up a basic outline.

1. Determine how the continent is located relative to the equator, the tropics (Arctic Circles) and the prime meridian.

Africa is located in four hemispheres, the equator crosses the continent almost in the middle, and divides it into two parts, equal in length, but different in area. The northern part is much wider. Since the equator crosses Africa almost in the middle, the continent is therefore located in the northern and southern hemispheres. The tropics are equidistant from the equator and cross the continent.

The prime meridian crosses the continent and divides it into two unequal parts. Most of the continent is located east of the prime meridian (in the eastern hemisphere), the smaller part is located to the west (in the western hemisphere).

2. Determine the extreme points of Africa and their coordinates.

Determination of geographic coordinates using an atlas map.

Match.

(1.B.c,2.A.a.,3.B.g,4.G.b)

Physical education minute.

By performing eye exercises correctly, we not only train the muscles, but also indirectly work with the entire body as a whole.

1. "Butterfly"

The main exercise: we clap our eyelashes very often, that is, we blink.

2. "Look up and down"

Keep your head straight, don't throw it back. The gaze is directed upward (to the extreme northern point of Africa)); We mentally continue moving our eyes to the top of the head, as if you were looking there. And now, with our eyes down, we descend with our eyes to the extreme southern point of Africa.

3. "Look to your left"

We looked to the left: our eyes looked at the westernmost point of the continent.

4."Look to the right"

We looked to the right: our eyes were looking at the extreme eastern point of Africa.

An indispensable condition for performing the exercise: the head is motionless, we work only with the eyes.

We move our gaze in the following sequence: down, up, right, left.

5. "Eight"

The prerequisite for performing this exercise is the same as in “Butterfly”. Now, with your eyes, smoothly describe a horizontal figure eight, or infinity sign, of the maximum size within the face. One way several times, and then the other. Blink often, often, lightly, lightly.

6. "In a circle"

We perform circular movements with the eyeballs. The head remains motionless. Imagine a large gold dial in front of you. This color helps restore vision. The strain on vision should be minimal - more relaxing exercises.

12 - the northernmost point of the mainland (Cape Ras Engela (Ben Sekka)

3 - the easternmost point of the mainland (Cape Ras Hafun)

6 - extreme southern point of the mainland (Cape Aguls)

9 - extreme western point of the mainland point of the mainland (Cape Almadi)

Then do this exercise by turning your eyes counterclockwise.

7. "Blind Man's Bluff"

Close your eyes tightly several times.

Oral work on determining geographic location is combined with filling out a contour map. We plot the extreme points of Africa on a contour map.

We determine the length of the continent in degrees and kilometers.

We display a map with markings and length lines on the screen or interactive board (the map can be taken from the electronic textbook “Electronic lessons and tests” Geography at school. Africa.).

Extent from north to south along 20*E. is (37* + 35*) 111km=7992 km

The length from west to east along the equator is (43*-9*) 111 km = 3774 km, in the widest part it is about 2 times more, about 7500 km.

3. In what climatic zones is the continent located?

If Africa is crossed by the equator almost in the middle, then the climatic zones should be repeated in it twice from north to south, and Africa is a very hot continent, since it lies mainly in the equatorial and tropical climate zone.

4. The position of the continent in relation to the seas and oceans.

And now I ask on the plan
Apply seas and oceans,
Islands, bays and straits...
Well, be brave! Who's not shy here?!

One student goes out to work with an interactive map, the rest do practical work, work in contour maps.

In the west, Africa is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, in the north by the Mediterranean Sea. To the east is the Indian Ocean. In the northeast is the Red Sea.

As a result, the following table should be filled out in the notebooks:

Discovery and exploration of the continent.

We consider this point of the lesson based on the electronic textbook “Electronic lessons and tests”. Geography at school. Africa.

Based on the information received, we fill out the table, with pre-prepared blanks on separate sheets, which we attach to the columns of the table on a magnetic (or regular board).

Explorers, travelers			Contribution to continental exploration
Ancient Greeks			Populated and explored the northern part of the continent
Egyptians			Populated and explored northeastern Africa
Bartolomeu Dias	Portugal		Rounded the Cape of Good Hope (southern tip of the mainland)
Vasco da Gama	Portugal		Completion of the opening of the mainland's shores, opened new way to India
David Livingston			Explored the Zambezi River, discovered Victoria Falls, studied the upper reaches of the Congo River, Lake Nyasa
Henry Stanley			Sailing around lakes Taganika and Victoria. Discovery of the Rwenzori massif.
Egor Kovalevsky		Late 19th century	Exploring Northeast Africa
Vasily Junker		Late 19th century	Study of Central and East Africa, topographic works.

Consolidation of the material: show the main geographical objects of Africa on the map.

Homework: Mark on contour maps the travel routes of African explorers. § 24.

This is perhaps the most mysterious of the great contrasts that the science of geography studies with interest. Africa is the planet and the highest. Its territory is home to many tribes and nationalities, each of which speaks its own language.

This article will focus specifically on Africa, its nature and population.

Africa: coordinates of extreme points

This is the second largest continent on our planet. It covers an area of ​​30 million square kilometers. Africa is connected to Eurasia by the narrow Isthmus of Suez.

8 thousand kilometers - this is exactly the distance that continent Africa stretches from north to south. The coordinates of the extreme points of the continent are as follows:

• North - Cape Ras Engela (37.21 degrees north latitude).
• South - Cape Agulhas (34.51 degrees south latitude).

7.5 thousand kilometers is the distance between the western and eastern outskirts of a continent such as Africa. The coordinates of the extreme points of the continent are as follows:

• Western - Cape Almadi (17.33 degrees west longitude).
• Eastern - Cape Ras Gafun (51.16 degrees east longitude).

The length of the mainland coastline is 26 thousand kilometers. This is very small for a continent of this size. The reason is that the African coastline is very poorly dissected.

It should also be noted that the extreme points of Africa have other names. So, Cape Agulhas is sometimes called Cape Agulhas. And Cape Ras Angela is sometimes called Cape Blanco. Therefore in scientific literature You can also find these toponyms.

Unique. The fact is that the equator crosses this continent almost in the middle. This fact leads to two important consequences:

1. Firstly, the continent receives large number solar radiation, since it is located between two tropics.
2. Secondly, in terms of natural features South Africa symmetrically (mirror) similar to North Africa.

Geography: Africa is the highest continent on the planet

Africa is often called the high continent because it is dominated by high landforms. Geomorphologists include plateaus, highlands and plateaus, as well as outlier mountains. It is interesting that these landforms seem to border the continent, while the plains are located in its central part. In other words, Africa can be imagined as a not very deep saucer.

The highest point of the continent is the Kilimanjaro volcano (5895 meters). It is located in Tanzania, and many tourists have an irresistible desire to conquer this peak. But the lowest point is located in the small country of Djibouti. This is Lake Assal with an absolute height of 157 meters (but with a minus sign).

African mineral resources

In Africa, deposits of almost all known to man mineral resources. South Africa is especially rich in various minerals (diamonds, coal, nickel and copper ores). The development of deposits is usually carried out by foreign companies.

The subsoil of Africa is also rich in iron ores. Many steel mills in Europe and North America they work on ore mined here.

Known for its numerous oil deposits and natural gas. The countries in which they are located are very lucky - they live quite prosperously. First of all, we note Tunisia and Algeria.

Climate and inland waters

The longest river in the world, the Nile, flows through Africa. Other major rivers of the mainland are the Congo, Niger, Zambezi, Limpopo and Orange. Formed in tectonic faults deep lakes- Nyasa, Tanganyika and others. The country called Chad has the largest salt lake continent with the same name.

Africa, as mentioned above, is the hottest continent on planet Earth. Due to its location, the surface of the continent receives a lot solar energy and gets very hot.

In Central Africa, as well as on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea, there is a large amount of rainfall. In the territories to the south and north, climatic seasons are already clearly visible - the dry winter season and the rainy season in summer time. Even further north and south, very little precipitation falls, which leads to the formation of deserts. Africa is home to the largest desert on the planet - the Sahara.

Population of the "black" continent

Africa does have a predominantly black population. Moreover, the conventional border that separates the Negroid desert is the Sahara Desert.

Today, Africa is home to almost one billion people. At the same time, the continent's population is growing at a rapid pace. According to scientists, by 2050 about 2 billion people will live here.

If you look carefully political map Africa, then you can notice one interesting detail. The fact is that the borders between many states are drawn along straight lines. This is a kind of legacy of Africa's colonial past. Such careless drawing of borders (without taking into account the ethnic characteristics of the regions) today leads to many conflicts between tribes and nationalities.

The average population density in Africa is 30 people per square kilometer. The level of urbanization here is also low and amounts to only 30%. However, there are plenty of large cities with a million population. The largest of them are Cairo and Lagos.

Africa speaks a thousand languages! Swahili, Fula and Kongo are considered indigenous (purely African). In many countries of the continent, the following languages ​​have official status: English, Portuguese and French. If we talk about the religious preferences of the African population, the majority of the inhabitants of the mainland profess Islam and Catholicism. Many Protestant churches are also common here.

In conclusion...

Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. The reason for this is the special geographical location of the continent.

Africa is as follows: the continent is located between 37 degrees north latitude and 34 degrees south latitude. Thus, the equator divides Africa almost in half, due to which its surface receives huge amount solar radiation.

Now you know the main ones natural features continent of Africa, coordinates of the extreme points of its territory.

Attention, TODAY only!

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Knowledge of the extreme points of Africa and their coordinates will help to better understand the peculiarities of the geography of various parts of this diverse and mysterious continent. Despite the fact that Europeans have been exploring the continent for several centuries, it still continues to keep many secrets.

Extreme points of Africa and their coordinates

Each of the extreme points of the continent is located on the territory of another distinctive country. For example, the northern one is located in Tunisia at the tip of Cape Blanco, which locals call Ben Sekka. Fans of remarkable natural sites will be able to reach the cape from Bizerte, the closest city with a population of more than one hundred thousand people. The coordinates of the extreme point of Africa, located on Cape Ben Sekka, are 37°20′49″ N. w. and 9°45′20″ E. d. This makes it the northernmost point of the continent.

All other extreme points of Africa and their continents are located in the territory different countries such as Somalia, South Africa and Senegal.

East Africa. Cape Ras Hafun

While it is quite easy to find yourself at the extreme point in Tunisia, some will require incredible efforts from the traveler. For example, Cape Ras Hafun, which is considered the extreme point in eastern Africa, is located on the territory of Somalia, a state torn apart civil war for several decades.

In this region they look like this - 10°25′00″ N. w. 51°16′00″ E. d. Along them you can find a low cape protruding into the sea for forty kilometers. This one is remarkable geographical feature is located in the very north of the Republic of Somalia.

This geographical location is vulnerable, since in Indian Ocean Tsunamis occur frequently. The most severe consequences were caused by a wave in 2004, when a fishing village located on the cape was completely destroyed. Today, more than two and a half thousand people live in the fishing village, most of them belong to the Ottoman Mamud clan.

South Africa

Extreme points and their coordinates are necessary knowledge for the harmonious development of ideas about how the world works and what place a particular country occupies in it.

It occupies a significant part of the southern tip of the continent, so it is not surprising that it is on its territory that the most extreme point of Africa is located and its coordinates are 34°49′43″ S. w. 20°00′09″ E. etc. And these are not the coordinates of the Cape of Good Hope, the most famous cape on the continent. The southernmost point of the mainland is also known as Agulhas.

In the vicinity of the cape there is one of the most dangerous areas for sailors. The fact is that an underwater sand spit stretches along the South African coast, originating in the immediate vicinity of the cape. This area is called the Agulhas Bank.

The name of the cape and the entire area surrounding it was given by Portuguese sailors in the fifteenth century. According to legend, the compass needle, which was then played by a needle, pointed due north in this place, since a magnetic anomaly was observed in the region at that time. By the nineteenth century, the direction of the anomaly changed to the west.

Senegal. West Africa

The geographical coordinates of the extreme points of Africa are also of interest because they are often used not only by sailors, but also by desperate travelers who seek to visit the maximum number of exotic places, which, of course, include the extreme points of the continents. After all, it is from this point that you can take a photograph that will remind you of a wonderful event all your life. Extreme western point is Cape Almadi, located on the territory of the Green Peninsula 34°49′43″ S. w. 20°00′09″ E. d.

The fourth extreme point of Africa and its coordinates are located on the territory of Senegal, a state located in the very west of the continent. Until recently, it was in this country that the world famous route ended, but due to political instability in many countries through which the rally route passed, the race was moved to South America.

To summarize, we can list the following extreme points of Africa and their coordinates:

• Cape Ben Sekka in the north, 37°20′28″ N. w. 9°44′48″ E. d.
• Cape Agulhas in South Africa, 34°49′43.39″ S. w. 20°00′09.15″ E. d.
• Cape Almadi in the west of the continent 14°44′41″ N. w. 17°31′13″ W d.
• Cape Ras Hafun in the east of the mainland, in the Republic of Somalia with coordinates 10°25′00″ N. w. 51°16′00″ E. d.

This we know... 1.Africa intersects in the middle.... 2.The Prime Meridian crosses Africa from…. 3.Africa is washed by oceans, their number is…., this is…. 4. From the north, the continent is washed by... 5. The eastern extreme point of the continent is considered... 6. The continent is located farthest from Africa from all continents... 7. The Gulf of Guinea is located from... 8. The largest island off the coast of Africa...

Relief is a set of irregularities in the earth's surface, varying in size, origin and age. Relief plains mountains lowlands uplands plateaus low medium high highest mm more than 500 mm mm mm more than 5000 m

Atlas Mountains The Atlas Mountains are a large mountain system in northwestern Africa, stretching from the Atlantic coast of Morocco through Algeria to the coast of Tunisia. The length of the ridges is km. The highest point, Mount Toubkal (4,167 m), is located in the southwest of Morocco.

The Cape Mountains are mountains in South Africa, in the far south of Africa, stretching from the Olifants River to the city of Port Elizabeth. The mountain system consists of several parallel ridges, among which the Cedar Mountains, the Langeberg, Swartberg, Piketberg, Kodelberg and others stand out. The highest point is Mt. Sevenvikspurtpeak (2325 m).

Kilimanjaro Kilimanjaro has no documented eruptions, but local legends speak of volcanic activity years ago. The name comes from the Swahili language and supposedly means "mountain that sparkles." mountain range in northeastern Tanzania, the highest point in Africa above sea level (5893 m, officially 5895 m).
1. Plains, the absolute height of which is from 200 to 500 meters, are called: A) lowlands B) hills C) plateaus 2. The relief of Africa is dominated by: A) plains B) mountains C) lowlands 3. Mountains, the absolute height of which is from 2000 to 5000 are called: A) medium B) highest C) high 4. In size, Africa is second only to: A) Eurasia B) North America C) Antarctica 5. The highest point in Africa: A) Mount Kilimanjaro B) Mount Takhar C) Mount Toubkal 6 The reasons for the formation of high plateaus on the African continent: A) Earthquakes B) Uplift by internal forces individual areas platforms B) Volcanic eruptions 7. At the base of most of the continent there is: A) Platform B) Folded areas C) Lithospheric plate. 8. Minerals of sedimentary origin (coal, oil, gas) are mainly located: A. In the northern part of the continent. B. In the southern part of the continent B. In the western part of the continent. 9. Restore the chains of cause and effect: A. Plain. B. Platform. B. Folded areas. D. Sedimentary minerals. D. Mountains. E. Igneous minerals.