To protect the walls from moisture, or, more simply, to give them tightness through a special finish, as well as create a more aesthetic appearance - for these purposes, there is a technology for wall cladding with ceramic tiles.

Do-it-yourself tiling a bathtub - getting to know the material

For wall decoration, you can use both a soft coating, such as wallpaper, as well as cork panels, and a hard one - decorative plaster and, of course, tiles, which are ceramic, that is, made from fatty clays, and cement. but fake diamond from cement is used mainly for paving paths, so we will not consider it. As for ceramics, the following varieties can be distinguished this material: majolica, terraglia, monocottura, clinker, cotto and gres tiles, also known as porcelain stoneware. Let's touch on each type in more detail.

Majolica - the most common type of tile, is obtained by pressing clay, on which a layer of glaze is applied before double firing, which provides excellent moisture resistance, up to absolute water tightness. This type of ceramic is usually used for tiling the bathtub; it is easy to lay it with your own hands. Monocottura is made in almost the same way, but the heat treatment is performed once. Terraglia is made from expensive grades of clay with the inclusion of sand and flux. It also goes through the firing process twice, as a result it gets a beautiful white color, on which paint and glaze fit perfectly. Looks great on walls.

Clay for Cotto tiles is obtained only in Central America, as well as on the Mediterranean coast, the main feature is a reddish porous structure after firing, which is why no coating is provided. today enjoys increasing success due to the extreme strength achieved by firing at very high temperatures sintering clay into a monolithic mass. Porcelain stoneware or, otherwise, gres is a compressed composite mixture of clay, quartz and mica. Due to the fact that kaolin clay is taken, the strength of the tile is not inferior to granite. It shows itself well both for interior cladding and for exterior decoration.

Each tile has its own place

Ceramic finishing elements are the most diverse in their dimensions and, accordingly, for their intended purpose. In particular, more dense tiles are placed on the floor than on the walls, and its area is usually somewhat smaller. Such a division is not accidental, everything rests on elementary physics. If you place a tile with a side of more than 20 centimeters and with a thickness of less than 5 millimeters on an uneven floor, and step on the middle of the tile, it will most likely burst under your weight. If the same operation is carried out with a small tile, the sides of which are less than 10 centimeters, most likely it will remain intact.

It's all about applying a load to a relatively small surface of a ceramic product. If you distribute your weight over the entire area of ​​​​a large plate of tiles, it will remain intact, but this is not possible with normal walking on the floor, since you are in contact with it alternately with your heel and metatarsus with your fingers. How less tile, the greater its area is under load, which means that the distribution of gravity provides less impact on each square centimeter. And it doesn't matter if it just lies on uneven surface tile, or under it an even layer of glue, a sharp load in the second case will almost certainly lead to the same result as the gradual application of a large mass in the first option.

Thus, thicker and smaller floor tiles should be used strictly for their intended purpose, as well as thin wall tiles, which often have a large area. What happens if you swap them? About how a tile can burst under your weight, we have already told above, and you can not repeat it. Floor tiles on the wall are not in danger, but since they are usually more durable and resistant to abrasion, they are more expensive. Consequently, an unjustified expense will turn out, and such a lining will not be able to show all its properties.

Tiles are only resistant to hydrofluoric acid, which destroys the glaze.

Technology of wall cladding with ceramic tiles step by step

Having found out what type of finishing elements will suit you for the upcoming work, we purchase a sufficient number of them, preferably with a 10% margin. It is possible that you will need it if you plan to clad the entire room, for example, a bathroom or a separate bathroom. And finally, having found all essential tool along with related materials, you can get down to business.

Wall cladding with ceramic tiles - step by step diagram

Step 1: Preparing the Walls

We make sure that the surfaces that we have to veneer are perfectly even (small potholes do not count, they will only improve contact with the glue). It remains only to cover the walls with a special primer, which is called " Betonkontakt". This is especially recommended if there is a plasterboard sheathing, or if the surface is too smooth.

Step 2: Marking and preparing the base for the second row

We measure the height of the second row, put markers, draw a line along them, and on right level we fix the rule with screws to the wall, or we prepare another level ground tightly adhering to the surface to be trimmed.

A guide can be used for this purpose. aluminum profile, from which the frame is made for plasterboard sheathing.

Step 3: Positioning the Tile

If on the glazed surface of the ceramic elements there is a pattern from which the panel is composed, or if the pattern simply implies a certain position of the tile, there will most likely be an arrow on its reverse side. The tile should be laid with the edge indicated by this arrow pointing up.

Step 4: Installing the first row

We take the adhesive mass prepared in advance in a small portion and apply it to the wall with a notched trowel.

Then, setting equal intervals with the help of special plastic crosses, we lay the tiles of the first row. In order for the connection with the glue to be as reliable as possible, carefully and over the entire surface we tap rubber mallet every tile.

The technology of wall cladding with ceramic tiles is simple and quite feasible by one person.

Step 5: Align rows

Since seams of a certain width are set with the help of crosses, minor errors in the geometry of the tiles will not interfere with aligning each row so that the lining is laid out strictly horizontally.

Accordingly, it should be vertical in the column, which is easy to check with a plumb line.

Otherwise, the straightness of the finish may be impaired. If the crosses are not placed too evenly at the junctions of four tiles, you can not attach much importance to this, the main thing is to adhere to a certain level, which is recommended to beat off with a coated thread.

Step 6: Laying the first row

After the walls are lined to the very top, it's time to return to the beginning, that is, to that void that we left unattended under the rule. The fact is that this strip needs to be tiled only when the flooring is finished.

Tiles in the design of the bathroom is the most common facing material. It does not give up its positions along with the appearance of other analogues due to high quality and performance characteristics. You can discover its design possibilities with creativity, sense of taste and borrowing the basics of modern design ideas.

Peculiarities

The bathroom is a place high humidity. Its conditions are associated with constant exposure to water, steam on any object in the room. This is especially true for overlays. It is important that the type of finish used does not allow moisture to pass through to the enclosing structures and is not subject to destruction. Bathroom tiles meet this requirement, even if they are used in an attic bathroom.

This is not only a tile option, as it seems to the average buyer. Today, under the finishing tiles it is customary to understand a number of materials for decorating floors. The material may have a different composition. Depending on the type of product, its thickness, density, dimensions, external characteristics and features of the selection of glue. The method of fixing the tiles depends on this, which can be traditional adhesive and frame. Each case requires its own set of equipment, as well as the preparation of the base.

Typically, bathroom tiles do not accumulate moisture inside and meet the basic standards developed for bathroom cladding raw materials. Subject to the installation technology, it does not depart from the base, it holds firmly. This finish does not shrink during the drying process and does not deform during its entire service life. Depending on the type of material used, it can be natural or synthetic. Bathroom tiling is the most sustainable way to decorate a bathroom.

The use of tiles in the bathroom allows you to radically change the perception of a special space. By choosing the right cladding, you can create various illusions, including increasing space, raising the ceiling, leveling and expanding walls. On the modern market this product is presented in a wide range. The buyer has the opportunity to choose the finish, taking into account taste and wallet.

Requirements

The commonly used type of surface finishing material meets the following requirements.

• Durability. It has been used for 10–15 years or more without adjustment.
• Environmental friendliness. The material has harmless components, it does not emit toxic substances during operation.
• Strength. Most varieties are resistant to accidental mechanical stress.
• Antistatic. Manufacturers process tiles with special compounds. Finishing will not cause the appearance and reproduction of mold fungi.

• Abrasion resistance. Under conditions of regular cleaning, the surfaces are easily cleaned without harming the protective layer.
• Abrasive resistance. With regular cleanings household chemicals the material must not be destroyed.
• Fire resistance. The tile should not burn in the event of a short circuit.
• Aesthetics. Finishing material should be pleasant in appearance.
• Availability. The material taken as a basis must be of an acceptable cost.

Despite a number of requirements, not every tile material meets all the parameters. Regardless of the impregnations that increase the moisture resistance of tiles, it is water that causes reductions in the life of any finish. This is especially noticeable in the case of leaks from apartments from above. In some cases, repair is not possible, you have to completely remove the lining.

Kinds

Everything existing varieties bathroom tiles can be divided into 3 types:

• wall;
• floor;
• ceiling.

The differences between the varieties are obvious. Wall tiles are thinner and lighter than their floor tiles. Ceiling options are larger and include more than traditional seam technology. Due to the wavy or curly edges, they can be connected to each other without visible joints. At the same time, some types of material have locking connections. Floor cladding is often massive. This is due to the need to withstand greater weight load and resistance to vibration. washing machine. Its strength factor is higher, however, it is not suitable for walls: the weight is not designed for bearing.

However, to support the style, brands produce floor cladding with a wall companion. Some types of wall tiles are suitable for decorating accent areas of a bathroom ceiling.

Advantages and disadvantages

Bathroom tile has a lot of advantages.

• This quality material. It is performed on modern equipment using new production technologies and quality control at every stage.
• It decorates the ceilings and floor of the bathroom. With its help, you can give the room an atmosphere of home comfort and relaxation.
• Facing allows you to transfer inner world user, is appropriate in any stylistic design decision.
• This finish has a wide range. The buyer always has a choice between budget and elite options.
• It allows you to mask unsightly areas of surfaces, hide bumps, cracks.
• Bathroom tiles come in a variety of textures. Due to this, you can visually change the area of ​​\u200b\u200bspace.
• It provides for the embedding of various lamps and switches. Its structure does not deteriorate with any type of lighting devices.
• Finishing is distinguished by unlimited decorative possibilities. Due to it, you can zone the bathroom space into separate functional areas.
• Different types of finishes are harmoniously combined with each other. This allows you to make the used texture expressive.

With a large list of advantages, bathroom tiles also have disadvantages.

• The material gains strength at the end of laying. Before that, he is fragile, unstable to mechanical damage breaks during transportation.
• Any kind of finishing tile needs preliminary preparation grounds. Without it, the lining will not last long.
• The abundance of the same material makes the bathroom interior boring. The texture needs to be compared with another finish.
• Cutting and drilling holes for fixtures or wiring is sometimes accompanied by breakage of the part. You need to do it with the right tool.
• The material has to be bought with a margin. Buying end-to-end is accompanied by a lack of parts in the process of cutting and laying.

materials

In the production of tiles for use in the bathroom, different raw materials are used. The most popular types of material for decorating a bathroom with tiles are glass, ceramics, porcelain stoneware, wood, plastic, vinyl, metal. Rarely found in the design of rubber. It is the raw material that determines the type of tile.

The tile is more known to the ordinary buyer. These are ceramic dies that are glued to cement-based tile adhesive. Due to it, they become durable and do not allow water to pass to the base. They can make up a monolithic surface or a certain accent in the form of a panel. This is a wall and floor finish, which, in addition to concrete and brick floors, is fixed to moisture-resistant drywall. For the floor, porcelain stoneware is more often used.

Ceiling panels- square tiles. They are used to decorate the ceiling, gluing directly to the prepared base with special glue. Parts are lightweight, do not need a frame, can be seam or seamless. Individual varieties are distinguished by a three-dimensional effect and different reflectivity. The shape can be square and in the form geometric shapes.

Cassettes - tiles made of plastic, metal, mirror inserts and wood(ash, oak, bamboo), fixed on a frame made of profiles in the form of cells. This technology does not provide for adhesive bonding. Each tile is inserted into its place and, if necessary, can be replaced with an identical new one. The design is convenient due to the ease of dismantling, the possibility of inserting lamps in the form of panels of the same size instead of individual tiles.

Bathroom ceiling panels are made from metal, wood, plastic and glass. Each type of material has its own characteristics that determine the service life of the coating. The category does not include porous foam tiles - it absorbs moisture, which is associated with deoxidization of the glue.

Often, mosaics are used in the design of bathroom surfaces. It can be made of ceramic, glass and metal and mirror. Manufacturers produce mosaic products in separate fragments and varieties on a grid. It is easier to glue the second type of material. In this case, it is not necessary to align the joints between small squares and lay out the pattern on the floor before mounting on the prepared surface.

a separate topic are quartz-vinyl options. This facing tiles from base layer made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The composition includes crushed shell rock and crushed sand. It is elastic, dense, flexible and heavy. The advantages are thermal stability, health safety and imitation of various natural materials.

photos

Tile dimensions

If the dimensions of other tiles adhere to 30 x 30, 50 x 50, 60 x 60 cm, the dimensions of ceramic tiles are more diverse. Previously, dice for walls were less than varieties for the floor. Today, brands are developing their own standards, so there are often discrepancies of up to several cm between generally accepted standards. For example, along with dimensions for walls of 25 x 25, which are considered a running size for small spaces, there are options for 25 x 33 and 25 x 36 cm.

Options 10 x 10, 15 x 15, 20 x 20, 20 x 25, 30 x 20 cm are in demand. Some manufacturers produce floor tiles in similar sizes. This is especially true for companion tiles. With it, you can effectively highlight, say, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe shower cabin. Dimensions 30 x 60 and 40 x 60 cm are typical floor coverings. Such samples are often used for lining the floor of a bathroom combined with a toilet. They are appropriate on the floor in a separate bathroom.

Arrangement options

Decorating a bathroom with tiles is an activity that requires a special approach to decorating. It begins with the calculation of the finish for a specific section of the cladding, taking into account the practicality and danger of the zone. For example, to design a bath area, you need the most durable, moisture-resistant material. Here it is better to use ceramic tiles without pronounced relief. The same rule applies to the shower enclosure and cladding near the door slopes. Materials here should have a flat (smooth) surface.

Many people try to decorate the bath screen with tiles to match the wall decoration. For her, it is better to choose dies not big size with less seam gap. Finishing with ceramic tiles without complex decor is suitable. Mosaic is out of place here. It is better to choose to accentuate walls or floors. Such a design will be more interesting, allowing you to reveal the beauty of the mosaic tiles against the background of larger fragments.

Stylists pay attention to the shape of the tiles when combined. If fragments the same size there will be a lot in the design, the bathroom interior runs the risk of becoming limited. In order not to cut it along and across the visual seams of the tile, it is better to mix it with wall panels or siding for interior decoration. This will simplify the cladding work and save the bathroom interior from crushing tile seams.

If you want to use several types of textures, you can isolate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe cheap cabin with tiles, using it on the floor, wall and ceiling. For the rest of the space, it is desirable to choose panels, siding. The wall, as far as possible from the bath, can be decorated with drywall. For the floor, it will be useful to use tiles. At the same time, its size and color should not match the background of the shower cabin. If there is a lot of the same texture, it will lose its expressiveness.

Design ideas depend on the footage of the room. For example, an abundance of tiles in confined space panel house or small-sized "Khrushchev" with usable area no more than 4 sq. m. However, drywall is inappropriate here. You will have to choose light-colored dice for the bath area, rub the seams to match them, so as not to create the feeling of a Rubik's cube against the general background. The wash area can be beaten with a panel. For the ceiling, it is better to choose plastic tiles, having thought through the waterproofing and ventilation system.

Modern layouts often involve spacious bathrooms. Square meters there are more here, so the possibilities of zoning are diverse. You can decorate a wall for furniture with one material, choose a different tile for a bath or shower cabin, decorate the ceiling in combination with plasterboard with plastic or wood tiles around the perimeter. There are many options, it all depends on the height of the ceiling, the perspective of a particular room, the presence of niches.

Niches can be highlighted with smooth tiles, the mirror and sink area can be marked with relief (for example, clinker with protective layer). The combination of brick tiles with even varieties looks beautiful. You can balance the severity of the two textures by means of glass curtains located in front of the shower cabin. Glass brings lightness to any interior, which can also be used due to mirror types of surfaces.

It is better to visually separate the cladding for walls and floors. The emphasis should be on one thing. Floor tiles can be laid out in the form of carpeting. This technique will allow you to beat a more passable zone. For example, using elements of one colors and a border, you can lay out an interesting pattern by combining traditional and diagonal styling.

The same goes for fixing. ceiling tiles. It can be formatted in different ways. This will save the bathroom interior from boredom, make the decor special, allow you to beat the shortcomings of the ceiling space, hide communications. Tiles with a three-dimensional effect made of plastic with mirror inserts look beautiful. They can be placed in the bathroom as an accent of the wash basin. It is desirable to make the ceiling above the bowl simple.

Color solutions and decor

The choice of color for bathroom tiles depends on its type, footage of a particular room, its style, taste preferences and the effect of color on internal perception. Modern approach to the choice of the shade of the tile allows you to reveal the possibilities of each shade color palette. Today, stylists offer to move away from the usual stereotypes. The priority is unusual tones, bold combinations of colors, conveyed through texture and pattern.

Conventionally, the palette can be divided into 4 groups:

• neutral;
• natural;
• pastel;
• bright.

The combination of white with gray and black in the spotlight. However, neutral tones are devoid of emotional overtones. To make such an interior seem cozy, you will have to supplement it with colored accessories in the form of hygiene items or lighting fixtures. The combination of white with light gray, pearl and gray-beige is popular. This design is more interesting and conveys the special status of the owners of the house.

The favorite color of the palette is white. It is mixed with natural tones, which include shades of wood. This technique is appropriate in a different stylistic direction: the combination of white and brown colors is always harmonious. A soft popular contrast is the combination of white and bleached wenge, beige-gray, beige, milky.

Pastel gamma like fans of light colors. The most popular among buyers are caramel, mint and coral tones, diluted with white, as well as blue. Against the backdrop of lighting and mirrors, they look stylish and inviting. Bright colors try to use the color palette carefully. Not all of them contribute to creating a cozy atmosphere.

For example, a mistake is a combination of black and red, an abundance of wine tiles against a white background. When choosing black, you can soften it with white, dilute it with brown, purple. Mixing the black and orange tone of a tile is hard to see. It is desirable to balance the choice of dark material with a light shade of the finishing counterpart. The combination of blue and white is best complemented with a light gray or steel tone.

Texture

A distinctive feature of bathroom tiles is the variety of textures. These are not just plates with a matte or glossy surface, different reflectivity and a protective layer. In fact, the spectrum of structure is more extensive. It can be smooth, embossed, velvety, rough, mother-of-pearl, pearl, three-dimensional. One of the possibilities of texture is imitation.

Due to the desired shade, overflows, shapes and patterns, you can create the illusion of any material. For example, along with traditional fragments, you can buy brick tiles, a natural stone, granite, marble, malachite, wood. An interesting solution would be an option for a mirror or glass. Some varieties differ in different thicknesses of dies along the edges. This complicates the installation and maintenance, but gives the interior originality.

Picture

The use of print in tiles differs from the decorating techniques of the Soviet period. Today it is not customary to repeat the finish in checkerboard pattern, mixing plain and colorful tiles. This approach to decorating surfaces is somewhat monotonous. Of course, it can be used for the floor, however, it is better to choose panel tiles for wall decoration. This is a variety that forms a pattern from several fragments.

Parts can be identical or different shapes. Such an image looks more interesting, especially with the support of a single-color background coating. You need to buy such options from one manufacturer from a certain series. So the tone match will be one hundred percent. A small part of the bathroom can decorate the drawing. Even three-dimensional panel should not fill more than 30% of the total area.

More familiar bathroom decorating techniques are nothing more than a nautical theme. These are drops, dolphins, drawings of the coast, shells, sometimes palm trees. However, in most cases, the pattern is composite, which forces a preliminary layout of the tiles on the floor before the cladding process. For the floor, these are more often ornaments enclosed in geometric shapes. The drawing is usually made more dark tone related to the main one.

Laying methods

Carrying out repairs in the bathroom, tiles are bought taking into account the installation method. The form and quantity of raw materials depends on this. You can do-it-yourself tiling the surfaces of bathroom floors with slabs. Today, this is not difficult due to the wide variety of adhesives and instructions with a visual demonstration of the process technique. You can finish the surface using two or even three methods, depending on the idea conceived. However, there are more styling options for the floor.

Base

Acceptance of normal styling square tiles with the formation of crosshairs. Each row is located above the previous one, the same width of the seams is observed. This layout can be diversified by combining a pattern in the form of a carpet. use this way facings for laying floor, wall and ceiling tiles.

Diagonal

This technique is suitable for laying cladding on walls, ceilings and floors. One of the false methods using square-shaped fragments. It differs from the previous method by turning the tiles by 45 degrees. It is carried out with the formation of crosshairs. Complicated by the need to trim the dies in the corners of adjacent walls. Looks interesting, goes well with traditional method styling.

In a run

In fact, the laying technology resembles the basic one, however, with a slight difference. Fragments are not connected into crosshairs. This is the offset method. In fact, this is a derivative of brickwork, when the fragments are glued with a shift of half the length of the tile. Typically, small rectangular parts are used for such masonry. This styling looks stylish, especially with a matte surface and texture like a brick or board. Can be classic and diagonal.

Herringbone

This method is suitable for surface finishing with rectangular tiles. The method is based on parquet masonry. Tiles are laid at an angle of 45 degrees, forming a zigzag line. The technique has two derivatives: a traditional technique and a variant with an attachment. In the second case, a mosaic tile is inserted into the middle of each tile. If you don’t want to use a mosaic, they buy smaller tiles of identical thickness and texture for the main finish. Color may vary.

Modular

One of the most difficult methods of facing bathroom surfaces. Designed primarily for flooring. This is an assembly of tiles from modular tiles of different sizes and shapes, but of the same thickness. The drawing may be different. Its degree of complexity depends on the variety of purchased material. Sometimes up to 5 samples of different sizes can participate in the decoration. The basic rule of laying is the observance of the pattern. The difficulty is the calculation of the required amount, taking into account trimming.

Offset parquet

Sophisticated modular stacking technology. It can be a combination of square and rectangular elements, a combination of squares of different sizes with an offset of half the length of the face, or in any order. The offset can be quite small if mosaicking is used. The technology does not provide for crosshairs. They try to make the distance between the tiles identical due to the use of special clamps.

curly

For this technology, tiles with an uneven edge are used. The technology for the ceiling material does not provide for the presence of joints. When laying on the floor, there are seams. The disadvantage of this method is the need for pre-calibration of the fragments used and the one-sided type of installation. The advantage is the unusual finishing decor: the floor in the form of such puzzles looks spectacular.

In different styles

With the help of tiles, you can show that the bathroom interior belongs to a certain stylistic decision. To make the effect more pronounced, they try to use tiles as an accent on one of the zones. For example, for vintage design trends, it is important to show a light tone and a matte texture. In this case, the tile can be made in the shade of light wenge oak under the texture of painted wood. It is better to arrange it as a panel or floor.

If you want to show a modern trend, you can take the glossy type of material surface as a basis. The emphasis is on functionality and the absence of unnecessary embellishment. This role can be left to a lamp, a mirror, furniture or the bath itself. An excellent solution would be to clad the area of ​​​​the shower cabin to the glass curtains. The best choice it is considered a tile of natural shades or stains of brown and gray.

When the soul gravitates toward creativity, you can combine brickwork with panels. There is no need to lay out any patterns. Enough unusual textures, their deliberate rudeness. It is allowed to use shades and textures for plaster, concrete, lime. In combination with fan lamps or lanterns, the tile will sparkle in a special way.

From the point of view of aesthetics and compliance with the sanitary regime, tiling the bathroom is the most acceptable option. The tile is moisture resistant, durable, easy to clean. In addition, the widest range will allow tiling bathroom tiles in accordance with any idea or design idea. Laying walls and floors with ceramic tiles is easy with your own hands, the main thing at the same time is to purchase high-quality material so that it can easily withstand temperature changes, high level humidity, exposure to steam. And then the renovation in the bathroom will delight the owners for a long time.

When choosing facing material for the bathroom, it is necessary to build on the following characteristics:

• technical parameters - strength, resistance to abrasion, smoothness or porosity of the surface, resistance to chemical attack. So, floor ceramic tiles for the bathroom should be distinguished by high wear resistance and a non-smooth surface;
• aesthetic parameters - color, ornament, compliance with the style decision of the room being designed;
• size and correct geometry.

It happens various types, depending on the manufacturing method:

• bicottura are glazed ceramic tiles for interior wall cladding, its surface is double fired. Also available with double firing metlakh tile made from quarry clay. Not suitable for flooring. Glazed ceramic tiles for interior wall cladding are very durable, but their smooth surface is not suitable for laying on the floor. The exception is embossed tile glaze;
• monocottura - a tile of single firing. Durable, suitable for flooring;
• the most durable tile - clinker, usually used for laying on the floor, resembles a brick in its appearance;
• mosaic - small tiles, pasted on the grid;
• porcelain stoneware imitating natural stone;
• glass and mirror tiles for walls and ceilings. It is subject to mechanical stress, so you can not lay the floor with it.

Mirror

Clinker

bicottura

Porcelain stoneware

Monocottura

The amount of tiles is calculated as follows: you need to divide the surface area of ​​the bathroom by the area of ​​​​one element and add 10-15 percent for the margin (trimming, marriage, defects when cutting the material).

In addition to tiles, you will need the following materials:

• primer, which must be with antifungal additives;
• spacers (crosses) to regulate the thickness of the joints between the tiles;
• silicone sealant;
• bathtub sealing tape;
• masking tape.

Do not forget that all the materials used, which make up the lining of ceramic tiles, must be moisture resistant. From the tools you will need devices for applying and mixing the solution: rubber or notched, a container for primer and glue. Cutting tiles is carried out with a tile cutter, grinder or ordinary glass cutter, depending on the thickness and strength of the tile. In order to grind the edges of the tiles, you will need sandpaper. rubber mallet needed for tapping the material, its snug fit to the base of the glue. Also not without building level, wooden slats to support the bottom row of tiles, as well as bricks, if necessary, to lay the screen space under the bath.

Preparatory work

The preparatory stage of the process of facing surfaces for the bathroom consists of the following work:

• if necessary, clean the bathroom from old plumbing;
• the top coating (lime, paint, old tiles) is removed from the surface of the walls and floor. If the walls previously had a painted surface, the paint is burned out and carefully removed to the concrete to achieve the best adhesion. You can remove old paint with a special remover, which can be purchased at a hardware store;
• if the sewerage and drainage system is old, then it is recommended to replace it by distributing the pipes to the pre-designed location of the bath (shower), washbasin, toilet bowl and washing machine. In this case, it is better to hide the sink piping in the wall by making strobes vertically to the width of the faucet connector. If desired, you can also hide the liner for the heated towel rail in the wall;
• the bathroom floor is thoroughly swept and cleaned of debris;
• walls and floor are checked by level for irregularities for their further elimination. The turn of the corners is checked with a square;
• walls are aligned with beacons, preferably using gypsum plaster, since when it dries it becomes lighter than cement, which prevents it from shedding and facilitates the leveling process. Gypsum plaster mortar is prepared using slightly more water than indicated on the package. So it will be more pliable and easier to apply to the walls. The primer solution is applied in 2-3 stages as each previous layer dries. You can learn more about the process here, revealing all the points;
• the composition of the mixture for pouring the floor ( economical option): cement and sifting of crushed stone in a ratio of 1 to 3 are diluted with water to a consistency resembling thick sour cream. Using the rule, the mixture is leveled between the beacons. The drying time of the solution is approximately one day. After this time, you should use the rule to knock down bumps and bumps from the floor surface. The primer is applied in two or three layers, in the same way as on the walls;
• the ceiling is cleaned of paint and lime, prepared for plastering, primed.

Removing old paint from walls

Removing old flooring

Concrete screed for leveling the floor

Wall alignment

Types of laying

The calculation of the required amount of tiles depends on the layout of the bathtub tiling. Classic way masonry, "seam to seam", forms even horizontal or vertical rows. In this case, the vertical seams are leveled by a plumb line, and the horizontal seams by level.

The method of facing "in the dressing" is a masonry, in which each ceramic tile is located in the middle of the seam that separates the two tiles of the bottom row. Tiling diagonally, the seams between the tiles are perpendicular to each other, and the tiles are laid at an angle of 45 degrees. This is a more difficult way to tile surfaces because a lot of well-calibrated tiles are required.

The combined technology of wall cladding with ceramic tiles combines several types of cladding. This method is suitable for spacious bathrooms, while it is possible to combine mosaic tiles with ordinary tiles, smooth tiles with embossed ones in various color combinations, it is important to observe the harmony of the ornament and the thoughtfulness of the combination.

Tile laying options

Where to start

High-quality bathroom cladding depends on the correct laying of tiles on all surfaces, including the ceiling. The tiled masonry of each of them has its own characteristics:

• walls - facing ceramic tiles are laid first on the floor, then on the walls. Facing the width of the wall should always start from the far corner relative to the entrance to the room. Thus, a base surface is created for further cladding. It must be remembered that the wall with the doorway is laid out last, then a strip is formed above the door. This will avoid numerous pruning in prominent areas of the walls. In height, laying wall tiles starts from the floor level or the edge of the bath, if it is already installed. When laying relative to the level of the bath, a rail is attached around the entire perimeter of the room, at the level of which the first row of tiles will be laid;
• floor - markings for laying tiles on the floor starts from the most noticeable corner and continues around the entire perimeter of the room;
• ceiling - when laying ceiling tiles, you can start from the center or from the edge along the intended line.

From the corner of the floor

From the corner of the wall

From the center of the wall

About the center of the floor

bathroom tiling process

Before decorating a bathroom, you need to do accurate calculations the required amount of tiles in accordance with the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room. You need to purchase the entire required volume of tiles at once in order to avoid color discrepancies if you make several purchases. This is due to the fact that different batches of one supplier, and, moreover, one brand of tiles from different suppliers may have differences in shades and texture.

In addition to decorating the surfaces of the room with tiles, in order to create harmonious interior, you can tile the bath itself. Before tiling the bath with tiles, it is necessary to make a base for tiling. This framework serves brickwork or moisture resistant drywall. A facing screen can be made from drywall if the bath is rounded. Since it is problematic to lay ceramic tiles on a curved surface, tiling a bathtub with mosaics is the most best option. It can be glued both from the outside and from the inside. Facing cast iron bath mosaic will bring it back to a new life if it has long lost its original appearance.

Walls

The walls are measured in width and height, then distribute the tiles so that the corners have the same cuts, or they converge in an inconspicuous corner. The height of the undercuts must be at least half the width of the whole tile.

Tile adhesive for wall cladding is diluted strictly according to the instructions indicated on the package, mixed thoroughly. Adhesive solution applied to the tile in an even layer of approximately 0.5-0.7 cm using a notched and capped trowel. The grooves formed by a notched trowel contribute to the removal of air from the adhesive and a closer fit of the tile to the wall, while filling minor defects and irregularities.

Preparation of tile adhesive

At the level of the bottom row of tiles, a wooden block is fastened strictly according to the level. From this rail begins to lay out the tile. Wall cladding with ceramic tiles is carried out with a “ladder”, that is, along the tile of the bottom row ascending from the corner, while not forgetting to insert cross stitches. The joint between the walls is made decorative corner or tiles are laid butt to joint. After one day, the holding level is removed, trimmings are marked and glued on top and bottom of the walls.

For clearance wall surfaces almost any type of tile is suitable, glazed ceramic tiles for interior wall cladding look especially aesthetically pleasing, as well as a combined combination of mosaics with smooth matte or glossy tiles. A more complete technology will be presented here.

Using a level, install the guide bar

Laying the first row of tiles

Adjustment of tile location and joint width

Grouting

Floor

The flooring with ceramic tiles is usually done before the walls are laid. The length and width of the floor surface are measured so that the trimmings in the corners go under the bathtub and are invisible. The space between the wall tiles and the floor is filled silicone sealant. Often, floor tiles are laid diagonally, despite the fact that this method can cause difficulties with marking and laying directly.

The marking of tiles on the floor begins from the most noticeable corner, from which further laying continues. The process of gluing tiles to the floor is similar to laying on the walls. For better shrinkage after gluing, the tile should be tapped with a rubber mallet so that it lies more tightly on the floor surface. The adhesive solution is not applied to the entire floor area, but only to the space for two or three tiles. During the working process, it is necessary to check the evenness of the laid tiles with a level. At the end of the work, when the crosses are removed and the solution is dry, the tiled floor is rubbed grout via rubber spatula. Excess grout is then easily removed from the tiled surface. Better check out full version how to conduct so as not to miss important nuances.

The grout for tiles should be not only moisture resistant, but also antifungal.

Floor markings for traditional and diagonal laying

These tools are indispensable when laying tiles on the floor.

Laying tiles

Ceiling

The ceiling surface must be perfectly flat. To do this, you must first plaster the ceiling cement mortar, rotband, and profile beacons are installed for an even plaster layer. They are glued to the cement track on the ceiling, in which you can add a little glue to make the mass elastic. After one day, a solution is thrown between the beacon profiles and pulled together by the rule. After a few hours, the surface is rubbed, primed. It is necessary to wait 3-7 days for the plaster to “set” well so that the weight of the tile does not affect its holding capacity.

Before overlaying the ceiling, it must be drawn on the landmarks, since it is difficult to apply a level when gluing tiles to the ceiling. The adhesive solution is applied both to the tile itself and to the ceiling using a notched trowel. It is better to choose spacer crosses with a thickness of 3 mm, so that laying errors are not so noticeable. The cladding process must be accompanied by a level check for surface evenness. In general, the process of facing the ceiling surface does not differ from laying tiles on other surfaces.

Installation of ceramic tiles on plasterboard ceiling

Video

One of the most popular finishing materials for bathroom and toilet room today is ceramic tile.

The optimal combination of practicality and aesthetics was to the taste of most connoisseurs of comfort and homeliness.

With the help of a competent combination of colors and elements of tiled decor, any bathroom can be made stylish, original and visually more spacious.

Ceramic tiles will help hide certain imperfections in the room and contribute to complete relaxation after a weekday.

Ways to finish with ceramic tiles

Before choosing a tile layout option, you should evaluate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe bathroom, the height of the ceiling and the presence of flaws that it is desirable to correct.

Among the existing methods of facing, it is worth highlighting the following:

Like a wall panel. This is a traditional layout that illusory expands the space and lowers the ceiling.

The bottom line is this: first, a dark tile is laid out from the floor, approximately 1/3 of the height of the wall, then the cladding continues with a lighter shade.

The junction of dark and light tiles is decorated ceramic border. Floors can be the same color as the bottom of the wall, or darker.

As an interpretation of this option, an example can be when a dark tile is laid out on top and a light one on the bottom.

Sometimes contrasting tiles are laid out not from the floor, but closer to the middle of the height of the wall, but this method is only suitable for rooms with high ceilings.

Layout with horizontal lines. A method in which contrasting stripes are laid out on a light background. They can be narrow - from decorative elements, or wide - from several tiles.

Illusory, these lines make the room more voluminous and create a sense of coherence.

Lined with vertical lines. This option visually narrows the bathroom, but creates a feeling of more high ceilings. As well as horizontal stripes, they can be narrow or wide, single or multiple.

IN modern design increasingly common lines of different levels.

Floor border. An elementary layout option, in which the tiles from the floor "come" onto the wall by about 1 - 2 pieces in height. Visually, this example slightly increases the volume, but takes away the height.

accent elements. One of the most popular layout methods. The bottom line is that on a general, usually light background, attention is focused on bright elements in certain functional areas.

It can be a tile of a contrasting color, or with a decorative pattern, or a ceramic panel. But you should not get carried away with accents, even in the most spacious bathroom it is not recommended to use more than 3 fragments.

Using equal amounts of several colors. In this option, tiles of different colors are not mixed, and each color decorates a certain area. floors in this case it is allowed to decorate at once with several mixed colors used (for example, like a chessboard).

Facing in the style of "kaleidoscope". Especially suitable for creative people. The tile in this version is used in different colors, which alternate in an arbitrary or specific order.

"Spray". The general background is formed from plain, usually light, tiles, then randomly arranged tiles of a contrasting color are added. The method is only suitable for spacious bathrooms.

Laying ceramic tiles of geometric shapes or patterns. This option is not recommended for use in cramped rooms.

A combination of several options at the same time. For example, the “wall panel” method and accent elements or vertical stripes of different levels are well combined. The more spacious the room, the more combination options you can apply.

Special attention should be paid to the "screen" for the bathroom. It should be decorated in the same style as the whole room, or become an accent element.

The most important thing is that the result of the cladding makes the room more comfortable, stylish and eye-catching.

Photo ideas for tile layout in the bathroom

Every owner or mistress of the house wants to save money, while making repairs so that later they do not have to redo it. Repairs in the bathroom, and more specifically, bathroom tiling, cost a lot of money, of course, if you call a master at home. But you can do without it by doing this work yourself. If you have any doubts about own forces and you think that you won’t be able to lay the tiles correctly, then you should carefully read the information provided in our article.

Tile selection

Before proceeding with the facing of the bathroom, it is necessary to choose the most suitable material for this. Currently, the choice of tiles is so huge that it is not always easy to understand which of the collections fit better Total.

But since ceramic tiles are difficult to classify as cheap building materials, their choice must be taken with all responsibility so as not to make a mistake. Let's see what you need to pay attention to when choosing a tile:

• Appointment. If the tile is intended for the bathroom, then it must be moisture resistant. Next, you need to distinguish the type of material that is intended for facing the floor and walls. If almost any material can be used for walls, then for the floor it is necessary to select only a wear-resistant type of tile.
• Most manufacturers offer consumers tile whole collections. As a rule, the collection includes wall and floor tiles, as well as decor for them. All samples of the collection are united by a common design. Moreover, the photo in the catalogs shows different layout options. Of course, it is not necessary to use the examples that are presented in the catalog to decorate your bathroom - you can think over your own design.

Important! When renovating a bathroom, it is best to choose collections that have classic design. Fashionable trends look spectacular, but in reality they quickly lose their relevance, and hardly anyone wants to redo repairs every couple of years.

• Size. Tiles are produced different sizes. Choosing the best option, it is necessary to take into account the features of the bathroom. On the one hand, tiling a bathtub with large tiles makes it possible to reduce the number of tile joints, and it is these places that, as a rule, are most often affected by fungus and mold. On the other hand, in smaller spaces it is easier to install smaller tiles because they do not have to be constantly cut.

Important! The size of the tile also affects the overall design of the room - this must be taken into account when drawing up a repair project.

• Texture. It can be either matte or glossy. In addition, today on sale you can find samples of material with a pronounced surface roughness. A tile with a glossy surface is perfectly even, it is easier to clean, however, dirt on it is more noticeable than on a matte one.

Important! It is undesirable to lay glossy tiles on the floor, because if splashed with water, the pier can become slippery, which can lead to injury.

• Color. When choosing a tile color, you need to focus on your personal taste, but also do not ignore the advice of experts, especially if your bathroom is small. If a small bathroom is decorated with dark tiles, then it will seem even cramped. Currently, the owners are rarely limited to using one color for cladding all surfaces - more often a multi-color design option is used.

Important! When designing a bathroom, it is necessary to take into account its features. For example, with a low ceiling, it is better to use the option with the layout of vertical stripes.

Cladding technology

So, let's look at how the process of tiling a bathroom occurs when doing do-it-yourself work.

Preparatory work:

1. Start finishing with careful preparation the surface you are going to veneer.
2. Clean the walls and floor from the old coating. If this is a tile, then knock it down, clean off the paint, and simply remove the wallpaper and linoleum.
3. Now evaluate how smooth these surfaces are, take measures to level them. For walls, use putties or plasters, and for the floor, make a new screed.
4. On leveled and completely dried surfaces, apply primer and coating waterproofing.

Where to start lining?

What needs to be tiled first - the walls or the floor? The answer to this question depends on the features of the bathroom and the renovation project. However, in most cases, it is recommended to finish the floor first. Then its flat surface will serve as a “base” for laying tiles on the walls.

Important! It is recommended to start facing from the far (from the entrance) corner. On the walls first you need to lay out bottom row, which will serve as a support for the second and all subsequent rows. In the event that you need to start from the middle of the wall, then first you need to fix it on the wall wooden slats, which will become a support for the first row. After the tile adhesive has dried, the slats can be removed.

Let's get to work:

• First, lay out the first row of tiles without applying glue. This will make it possible to clarify the layout scheme and understand where the cut pieces will be installed.

Important! Try to avoid the need to lay very narrow (up to 3 cm) pieces of tiles, since it is very difficult to cut them off, tiles can often crack.

• Some one right way there is no application of adhesive when laying tiles. Most professionals prefer to apply adhesive to the wall, but some craftsmen apply adhesive to each tile.
• After the adhesive has been applied, allow 5-10 minutes for exposure, and then attach the tile to its place of installation. Press it firmly against the wall and level it, checking the vertical and horizontal seam is correct using a level. Use rubber hammers to “reset”.
• When laying the second and subsequent rows, install mounting crosses between the tiles. This will help to form seams of uniform thickness.
• After all the tiles have been laid, let the adhesive dry thoroughly, and then proceed to grouting the joints. For this purpose use special formulations- fugues, which can be both colored and white.
• Grout with a rubber spatula, holding it at an angle to the wall surface. Move the spatula diagonally along the wall.
• After the grout has completely dried, wash off its excess with a damp sponge. Additionally cover the seams with transparent protective composition with a thin brush.