That is why preparations with malathion are approved for use on any crops in gardens and home gardens.

Malathion preparations have been successfully used for more than 60 years in everyday life, in the medical field, in landscape design and park maintenance! So far, no signs of addiction of insects to malathion preparations have been identified.

A group of preparations based on biological microorganisms and fermentation products of soil bacteria.

This includes trademarks:

• Akarin;
• Fitoverm;
• Lepidocid;
• Bitoxibacillin;
• Iskra-Bio.

Despite the fact that this is a biological group of substances, they have an insecticidal, nematode effect. They fight scoops, leafworms, whites, ticks, Colorado potato beetles, moths, peach and melon aphids, thrips and other pests.

A wide range of applications limits the condition under which it is necessary to use drugs: in the warm season, at outdoor temperatures above 20 degrees Celsius. This condition is due to the fact that the biological product exerts its insecticidal action through the intestinal system of pests, and they feed mainly when it is warm and there is enough moisture.

The drugs of this group are toxic, and you need to monitor the concentration, which can be dangerous for both animals and humans.

Some prices for the beginning of 2015:

• Thunder, Thunder-2 (from 15 rubles / 10 g);
• Bison (from 30 rubles / 1 ml);
• Anteater (from 15 rubles / 1 ml);
• Muracid (from 15 rubles / 1 ml);
• Fly-eater (from 20 rubles / 10 g);
• Initiation (from 20 rubles / 30 g);
• Provotox (from 45 rubles / 120 g);
• Prophylactin (from 510 rubles / 500 ml);
• Slug-eater (from 30 rubles / 30 ml);
• Senpai (20 rubles / 5 ml).

The question of the use of "chemistry" on summer cottage ambiguous. There are both opponents and supporters of the use of chemicals. Opponents of "chemistry" stand up for the environmental friendliness of grown vegetables and fruits, supporters of "chemistry" strive to get a guaranteed result with the least amount of labor.

Of course, the most environmentally friendly and safe method growing vegetables - do not use "chemistry" at all in the country, but manage, for example, with infusions of herbs, ash, tobacco dust - i.e. means of natural plant origin. However, in this case, two factors must be taken into account: 1. Treatment with herbal remedies requires constancy, because. usually such products work on the principle of repelling insect pests due to the content essential oils, phytoncides and other chemical compounds that are found in plants (for example, in garlic, wormwood, tobacco dust, etc.), and which are quickly weathered / washed off. Usually enough for a couple of days, then you need to repeat the treatment. 2. Precipitation (rain, dew) instantly wash off such solutions from plants, which reduces the result to zero if you do not have time with a quick re-treatment.

If you have the opportunity to constantly be in the country, keep the condition of the plants under control, and are also ready to instantly respond to emerging problems, then “life without chemistry” is quite feasible for you.

If you come to the dacha, like most working summer residents, 1-2 times a week, then most likely you will not be able to do it with natural remedies alone. For a week's absence, plants can be attacked, for example, by caterpillars, and almost completely destroy cabbage plantings, leaving the owners with eaten leaves with handfuls of moving green creatures. Therefore, from time to time, you still have to resort to "chemistry" that guarantees a stable result, but it is better to do it consciously, within reasonable limits, choosing the most suitable and gentle means.

Now in gardening stores there is a huge selection of all kinds of chemicals for different areas applications in the suburban area. For people unrelated chemical industry, and generally far from chemistry, it can be very difficult to understand the differences between drugs, the nuances of their use, and most importantly, to understand which drug is most suitable for your specific problem, and is the safest.

In this article, we will consider only one group of chemicals - insecticides.
"Insecticides - a group of chemicals that are part of the group of pesticides, and intended for the destruction of insect pests."

Types of insecticides

Hazard Class

The hazard class of substances is determined according to GOST and depends on the degree of exposure harmful substance on the human body.

According to the method of penetration into the body of the pest:

1. Contact insecticides destroy only those pests that are exposed to droplets of the substance during spraying. If the insect "successfully hid", it will avoid death and safely acquire offspring. Preparations of this type are able to protect only those parts of plants directly on which they are applied. They are washed away by rain and therefore are very dependent on weather and climatic conditions. The advantage of contact preparations is that they act quickly, the plant immediately feels relief.

2. Systemic insecticides penetrate into the cells of the plant and spread through it - from the tip of the root to the crown. The defeat of the pest occurs when eating poisoned parts of the plant. Such preparations are very quickly absorbed by plants and therefore practically do not depend on weather conditions. They give protection for 2-3 weeks, but act more slowly than contact preparations.

By the nature of the impact:

1. Continuous insecticides - able to deal simultaneously with several different types of pests.

2. Selective insecticides - directed against certain types of pests.

According to the active substance and principle of action:

The main basis of insecticides is the active substance, which is indicated on the packaging in small print. Different preparations prepared on the basis of the same active substance have the same effect on pests. At the same time, the trade names of drugs are different for different manufacturers. When choosing a remedy, it is better to pay attention to the active substance., because Manufacturers change, and the trade names of drugs change accordingly.

1. Commander, Confidor Extra, Biotlin, Colorado, Bison, Golden spark, Monsoon, Tanrek are made on the basis of imidacloprid - a systemic insecticide. The drug is easily absorbed by plants, it works well systemically through the roots. Imidacloprid gained particular popularity due to its effectiveness against the Colorado potato beetle. It is also used to control a complex of pests: aphids, whiteflies, thrips, incl. spider mites and soil pests (wireworm, cabbage flies, etc.)

The effect of exposure is observed 3-5 days after treatment. The active substance exhibits high residual activity. The period of protective action is 14-28 days. The mechanism of action eliminates the emergence of resistance.
Imidacloprid is a highly toxic substance, the period of its decomposition in the soil is from six months to two years. For summer residents and gardeners, it is allowed on a limited number of crops.
Aktara also belongs to this group. It has an active substance with a different name, but of the same chemical group. This is a systemic drug that acts both from the inside - when watering, and through plant tissues - when spraying. Works especially well against scale insects, aphids, mites. Has no smell. Recommended for roses and ornamental shrubs.
I personally classify Aktara as a “heavy artillery”, therefore I use it exclusively on flower and ornamental crops indoors, for example, if potted crops at home or on a loggia have been attacked by pests.

2. Iskra M, Antiklesch, Phenaksin-Plus, Fufanon-nova (malathion emulsion concentrate), Inta-CM, Karbofos (malathion powder) are produced on the basis of malathion - a non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with a wide spectrum of action. Used to combat harmful insects and ticks on fruit crops, highly effective against a large number of pests of vegetable crops: aphids, caterpillars, red mites, thrips and whiteflies, poutine mite. When applied outdoors, malathion has only a short duration of action, and is also resistant to wind and water. Its systematic use can affect the reproduction of pests, although its somewhat pungent smell may deter you from using it too often. Malathion is a moderately toxic substance for humans and animals, with a decay period in the soil of 1 day. Therefore, it is allowed and recommended for use in personal subsidiary farms on almost all crops. The withdrawal period from plants is 7 days.

This group also includes Actellik- a drug with a wide spectrum of action. Actellik, unlike a number of less harmful drugs, evaporates strongly, it has high pressure steam, so enclosed spaces its use is not recommended. In addition, the drug has a rather pungent odor. Hazard class for humans - 2.

3. Inta-Vir, Spark, Spark Double effect(tablet; additionally contains potassium, to increase the immunity of the affected plant), Kinmix, Tsunami, Senpai, Lightning KE, Decis(powder; at correct use can be used 1 day before harvest) - these drugs have different active ingredients (cypermethrins, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin), but they all belong to the same chemical group - pyrethroids. This is a new generation of insecticides. These compounds were first isolated from Damascus chamomile - pyrethrum (Piretrum), receiving the name from it. They have also been found in tansy and chrysanthemums. Pyrethroids have been used to control insects for a long time. They are used in plates and smoldering spirals from mosquitoes, in flea shampoos for cats and dogs. These are non-systemic substances for the control of many chewing and sucking insects. They are very effective in controlling aphids, whiteflies, mushroom mosquito and against thrips. Approved for use by summer residents and gardeners on many vegetable, fruit, berry and ornamental crops. The group of these insecticides has the least toxicity to humans and warm-blooded animals. Possess good residual activity with minimal negative impact on objects environment, easily decompose in the soil (under the action of soil micro-organisms decompose within 2-4 weeks) and almost do not penetrate into plants.

4. Complex preparations with several active ingredients:

Inta CM(cypermethrin + malathion) - tablet form
Alatar(cypermethrin + malathion) - emulsion
Knockdown(cypermethrin + creolin) - emulsion

This group of drugs is highly toxic, therefore it is used in the case of heavily infected areas.
Of particular note is the drug Prestige(analogue - prestigitator) is a complex preparation, insecticide + fungicide, for processing (spraying) planting material(tubers) from wireworm, Colorado potato beetle and potato scab-late blight. The active ingredient in it is imidacloprid, the same as in Komandor, Biotlin. It takes about 60 days for the chemicals to be completely eliminated. It is not advised to use Prestige for processing early varieties, but only for medium or late, to get into the tubers chemical substances managed to neutralize. The mechanism of protective action is as follows: immediately after planting the treated tubers, soil moisture partially releases the active substance, which diffuses into the soil, forming a protective area around the tuber. The growing plant absorbs active substance both from the mother tuber and from the soil with the help of roots. Due to its pronounced systemic properties, imidacloprid is evenly distributed over the vegetative organs of the plant, providing them reliable protection from sucking and gnawing pests during the growing season (information from the site).

5. Anteater, Anteater, Muratox, Muratsid, Flycatcher, Thunder, Thunder-2, Zemlin, Medvetoks, Pochin, Provotoks- all are made on the basis of the active substance diazinon, only in different concentrations. These are non-systemic broad-spectrum drugs. Effectively act on soil-dwelling pests, such as wireworm, cabbage and onion fly, weevils, nibbling scoop, aphids, flea beetles. Have a number significant shortcomings: highly toxic to humans and animals (hazard class 3), with regular use, pests develop resistance to the action of drugs of this group. The half-life of diazinon in the soil is 2-3 weeks, but after the introduction of granular forms, it is found in small quantities and after 14 weeks. Previously, drugs based on diazinon were made for domestic use, but then it was banned for home use due to the ability to accumulate in the human body.

6. Akarin, Fitoverm, Iskra-Bio, Lepidocid, Bitoxibacillin- this group of biological preparations is made on the basis of various microorganisms and fermentation products of soil bacteria. They are effective in the fight against whites, scoops, Colorado potato beetle, spider and red fruit mites, moths and leaflets on currants and apple trees; with spider mites, peach and melon aphids, tobacco and western flower thrips on cucumbers, peppers, eggplants, tomatoes and roses in greenhouses; also used in greenhouses. A feature of biological products is that they are effective only in a warm (at least 20 degrees) and humid environment. Under influence natural factors, the effect of the drug stops in 5-7 days. The maximum effect is achieved 3-5 days after the treatment of the plant. The toxicity of biopreparations should not be underestimated. At high concentrations, they are dangerous to humans and animals.

Special notes about the preparation Fitoverm- the death of pests occurs on 2-3 days after treatment, and the maximum effect is achieved on 5-7 days. The action of the drug on the leaf surface under favorable weather conditions lasts from 7-20 days. Even slight precipitation or heavy dew significantly reduce the effectiveness of the drug. Personal experience- Fitoverm works more effectively if it is used in a higher concentration than indicated in the annotation, 2-3 times. And treatments need to be done 3 times in 10 days. Experience of summer residents: Fitoverm of not all manufacturers works effectively, good feedback about Fitoverm manufactured by August and Bashinkom.

Notes:
* It must be remembered that with prolonged use of only one group of drugs, pests develop resistance to this species impact, in other words, sustainability. In order to avoid such addiction, it is recommended to alternate different types of preparations for treating plants.

* In the spring, when planning the location of beds and flower beds, you need to consider whether these plants will be treated with insecticides. For example, if you are planting potatoes and plan to spray them with insecticides from Colorado potato beetles, then it is better not to have green beds or berry plantations near the potato plot. The same considerations are relevant when planning decorative zones - mixborders, flower beds. For example, lily buds are often attacked by various pests. During the season, you need to spray them several times with any insecticides, which means that it is better not to place berry bushes or plantations near the lilies. These precautions will help avoid accidental and unnecessary exposure of sprayed insecticides to berries, herbs and other plants.

In preparing the materials for the article, we used reference Information site
We thank the consultants for their help in preparing the article: Irina Vladimirovna Suslova, chemist and biologist

We have in the country small garden, but this year he did not please with a harvest. The leaves were curling on the apple trees, the plums were wormy, and there was nothing to say about peaches at all. Of course, they themselves are largely to blame, since they were sick and often could not come to process trees. We hope that next season health will not fail and it will be possible to save the harvest. Please provide a list of the most effective drugs for the garden from the field of insecticides. I would like to get rid of pests.

Pest control plays an important role in horticulture. Even with proper care, horticultural crops are often attacked by harmful insects that have come from the neighboring area. They not only eat the leaves, depriving the plants of food, but also spoil the future harvest.

In order to protect the garden and take care of the future harvest of fruits and berries, it is necessary to process plantings for prevention in a timely manner and begin to destroy them at the initial stages, until they begin to multiply. Today there is very big choice insecticides, and the list of preparations for the garden can be listed for a very long time.

From the practice of gardeners, some of the most effective insecticides are:

• Akarin;
• Engio;
• Decis;
• Calypso.

Whatever preparation is used, it is important to remember that the treatment of trees and shrubs must be stopped before harvesting, otherwise it becomes unsuitable and dangerous for consumption. The timing of the last treatment depends on the specific insecticide: some products can be applied up to 3 days before harvesting, while others - no later than two weeks before harvesting.

Akarin

A biological preparation that has a double effect both in direct contact with insects and when they eat leaves. Maximum efficiency is achieved in hot weather, while it is completely washed off during rain.

The leaves are sprayed on both sides with a working solution, the concentration of which depends on the particular pest. From 2 to 6 ml of insecticide is added to 1 liter of water.

The advantage of Acarin is its rapid decomposition - after 3 days, fruits or berries can be eaten.

Engio

Systemic contact insecticide with long-term protection (up to 20 days after treatment). For spraying, dilute 1 package (3.6 ml) in a bucket of water. Two sprays are enough per season.

Of the advantages of the drug is that when it enters the soil, it penetrates into the root system, protecting it from pests.

Decis

Effective against most pests, as well as their larvae. Valid for two weeks without accumulating in the ground. During the season, two treatments are carried out before flowering, diluting 1 g of insecticide in a bucket of water.

Insecticides are available in the form of powder, sprays, granules, solution. Are considered irreplaceable means when growing horticultural crops- grapes, tomatoes, potatoes, cucumbers or indoor plants. Get rid of pests on the trunk, leaves, help weakened bushes after disease damage. Such analogues have many advantages, and most importantly, they are not addictive in plantings. Before use, read the instructions for use.

The list, composition, methods of application, protection options are always described in detail on the packaging or in the attached instructions.

The composition is selected individually each time. It is important to take into account:

• insect type;
• their number in the treated area;
• saturation of the solution with active ingredients;
• place of application.

Those gardeners who have struggled with a similar problem and successfully coped with it will help choose the most effective substance.

The main components of the drugs:

• intestinal;
• systemic;
• contact;
• respiratory;
• acaricides;
• bacterial.

In the vast majority of cases, the simultaneous use of several substances is required.

Intraplant or systemic

Roots, leaves, stems absorb chemistry simultaneously with water, after which the drug spreads throughout the plant organism, which almost immediately becomes poisonous to pests. These insecticides have high efficiency due to the fact that they act for a long time.

They can be used in any weather and for preventive purposes. Among the shortcomings, it is noted that the active substance does not affect instantly, but gradually, therefore, time passes from the moment of treatment, after which the result is noticeable. The most effective intraplant preparations containing imidaclopiride, organophosphorus poisons. The most famous:

Professional gardeners strongly recommend taking this particular group of insecticides to prevent the appearance of pests. The timing of planned treatments, their effectiveness depends on the climate in the region, the variety of culture.

Most Popular:

Many intestinal insecticides are unnecessarily toxic to humans and pets, therefore all precautionary limits should be observed, preventing poisons from entering drinking water, respiratory tract, organs of vision.

These include:

These drugs are most often used in the fight against household pests, garden plants, colors. They have the least toxicity, do not spoil the taste of vegetables, fruits, and the health of green spaces.

The most common:

• Fitoverm is a bacterial insecticide used against various insect pests, it is well compatible with other chemicals, growth regulators. Qualitatively cracks down on ticks, sawyers. Processing during flowering is prohibited.
• Iskra-Bio - kills most known pests, including ticks. It is most effective in sunny, dry weather. The composition is safe, because this method of processing is possible 1-3 days before harvesting berries, vegetables, fruits.
• Tobacco dust is the most popular among biological agents used for preventive work and control. It is applied on flower, berry, fruit plants in the form of decoctions, infusions, pollination of these crops.

The main advantage of biological preparations is complete safety for humans, crops, and environmental friendliness. Only its impact is not fast, therefore, in cases of severe infection, they alternate with various pesticides.

Acaricidal preparations

Acaricides are aimed at preventive measures, extermination of ticks. They are divided into the following groups:

• insectoacaricides - pesticides that adversely affect small individuals, some other insects. They are used relatively often, the most popular are Vertimek, Aktellik, Neoron (the latter has an ovicidal effect);
• specialized - exterminate exclusively the tick, the rest are not affected at all. The most commonly used drugs are Omite, Apollo, Nissoran, Sunmite.

The above remedies are used for horticultural crops, indoor flowers growing in flowerpots, only with excessively severe mite damage, which is difficult to exterminate.

Basic rules of use

Before starting treatment, you need to carefully read the instructions - the correct dosage for extermination is prescribed there. different types insects.

Methods of application depending on the type of drug:

• fumigators - harvested crops and live plantings are treated with a gaseous, vaporous composition;
• aqueous solution - spray leaves, stems, fruits of plants;
• powdered products - pollinate crops, sprinkling on top;
• soil granules - added to the ground when digging, loosening.

Preparation of a water-soluble preparation: dilute the insecticide by a third of the required volume of liquid, mix thoroughly, pour in the rest of the water, mix again. The solution is not subject to storage - it quickly loses its valuable properties, therefore it must be applied immediately. Working with highly toxic substances involves compulsory use personal protective equipment. For different cultures different periods vegetation compositions, methods, concentration can vary greatly.

The most effective means

Which drug to choose depends on the climatic zone of the region, the vegetation stage, the appearance of the cultivated crops, the variety of pests, the presence of a selection of insecticides in local retail chains.

Professional gardeners are advised to purchase the following:

1. 1. Prestige is the most effective remedy against the Colorado potato beetle.
   It fights with wireworms, bears, aphids, thrips, cicadas, cockchafers, scoops.
   Relieves diseases: common scab, dry and wet rot, black leg.
   The effect of the drug lasts up to 50 days. Safe for humans.
2. 2. Respect - a drug that fights the Colorado potato beetle, wireworm, May beetle larva,
   bears, scoops, whiteflies, aphids, leafhoppers, thrips and whiteflies.
   Eliminates diseases of rhizoctoniosis, scab, root rot, black leg.
   Effective action up to 40 days, affordable cost.
3. 3. Commander - spraying with this composition is effective in the fight against aphids, whiteflies, thrips, Colorado beetles, certain types sawyers. The active ingredient is imadoclopiride, the release form is moisture-soluble crystals.
4. 4. Spark - the main substance - cypermethrin, is produced in tablet form, in the form of a water-soluble powder. Treated by spraying, it helps a lot from leafworms, Colorado potato beetles, moths, aphids. Very economical, protection has a prolonged effect.
5. 5. Bankol - has a contact-intestinal effect, easily copes with gnawing, sucking pests. Disastrous for nervous system insects, killing them after about 2 days, practically safe for humans.
6. 6. Medvetoks - relatively quickly destroys ants, wireworms, bears. Dosage - 3 g per 1 sq. m is added to the soil, does not lose its properties for 18-20 days. The active ingredient is diazinon.
7. 7. Agravertin or Akari has a contact-intestinal effect, well protects vegetables, flowers, moderately toxic, harmful to bees. The duration of the action depends on the weather - approximately 6-16 hours.

No less popular in agricultural and horticultural lands are other drugs: Aktara, Fitoverm, Aktellik, tobacco dust.

Salvation for indoor plants

The use of insecticides for home crops, potted flowers has some nuances. Pest control in such conditions is no less intense, differing only in the size of the field of activity. Here, the issue of safety for a person is especially acute, since indoor flowers grow directly in his home.

Apply:

• thrips - found on ficuses, violets. The fight requires treatment with systemic drugs, in combination with contact ones;
• weevil - attacks figs, tolmia, intestinal remedies are effective;
• spider mite - damages balsams, callistemons, orchids. Most suitable overall exposure;
• whitefly - often attacks roses. All suitable formulations for processing are recommended;
• gall nematodes - affect chrysanthemum, nephrolepis, chlorophytum. fit system tools fight.
• scale insects, false scale insects - affect begonias, calamondina, aloe. Mealybugs attack yucca, myrtle. Contact insecticides are ineffective, effective means that affect the digestive system are used.

To combat the mealybug, false shield, and scale insect, damaged plants are wiped with water-oil compounds, alcohol, and the surface soil is replaced. After that, Aktarav is sprayed in the form of a solution - 4 g per 5 liters of water, watering the soil with a composition of 1 g per 10 liters. Cultivation is repeated 4 steps every 8-9 days. In parallel, it can be treated with a 1% Fitoverma solution - 4 times with pauses of 7 days. An auxiliary procedure is carried out every 48 hours with drugs:

• Agravertin;
• Metaphos;
• Akarin;
• Karate;
• Detis;
• Iskra-Bio;
• Inta-Vir.

To defeat thrips, yellow, blue Velcro traps are attached around the culture. You need to process all the flowers in the house, but on some it will not be possible to get the desired result immediately. Spraying with Aktara is required - a solution of 4 g per 4-5 liters, watering the soil 1 g per 8 liters 4 times with an interval of 7-9 days. Additional processing:

• Akarin;
• Karbafos;
• Iskra-Bio - 8 g of the drug per 9-10 liters of water;
• Fitoverm - 1% composition, spray 4 times, observing an interval of 8-10 days;
• Mospilan.

Measures against weevil: picking pests manually, spraying with Aktara - 4 g per 5-6 liters, spilling the earth - 1 g per 8-10 liters, repeat the treatment 4 times in 8-10 days. Additionally, wipe the leaves with alcohol, apply water-oil emulsions, preparations:

• Apaches;
• Kinmiks;
• Fifanon-nova;
• Bona-forte;
• Actellik.

From spider mite its manual picking helps, washing the leaves in the shower, spraying with any acaricidal compounds, and irradiating with an ultraviolet lamp for prevention. In closed ground conditions use:

• Vertimek;
• Neoron;
• Agravertin;
• Envidor;
• Kleshchevit;
• Dursban;
• Sunmite;
• Borneo.

Usually 4 times treatment every 7-9 days is required, since the larvae are able to emerge from the eggs in about 7 days. But the higher the air temperature, the more often.

• Aktar;
• Admiral;
• Iskra-Bio;
• Fitoverm;
• Komfidor;
• Inta-Vir;
• Kinmiks;
• Talstar.

Removal of damaged roots, washing in hot water, adding Fitoverm, Agravertin in the form of powder to the soil mixture, treatment with Ecogel anti-stress agent. Spraying with poisons such as:

• Rogor;
• BI-58;
• Dimethoate;
• Ruskamin.

The biological preparation Nematofagin-BT based on a predatory fungus is often used. When processing indoor flowers, it is best to take them to the balcony or to the bathroom, spray, wipe with the required composition as quickly as possible, then wash your hands, face, rinse your mouth, and change clothes.

Work safety

When using chemicals to combat harmful insects, it is necessary to follow the simplest precautionary rules to avoid negative effects on humans and pets:

• do not allow pesticides to come into contact with the mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, mouth, skin. If this happens, immediately stop work, rinse with plenty of running water;
• if accidentally swallowed chemical drug, inhalation, eyes, urgently need to contact a medical facility;
• apply individual protective equipment throughout the whole time - gloves, goggles, respirator;
• at the end of work, wash your hands thoroughly, take a shower, change clothes;
• prepared insecticides must not be stored. An open pack is tightly closed, placed in an airtight container, removed to a place where accidental access to children and pets is excluded.