I'm going to build it in the spring. Winter is ahead; we have bought some land.

So what we have: 1,000,000 rubles (roughly), little time and a great desire to solve the housing problem. After much thought and calculations, I opted for gas silicate. I myself work in ArchiCAD (if anyone knows anything), but I’m not involved in construction. I, like many, have friends and acquaintances, a la builders, but I have already outgrown their knowledge, so I’m starting a topic in the hope of comments and help from more competent people.

I will post the material that I managed to prepare, don’t beat me too hard for mistakes - I don’t have much time, so I was only engaged in “construction” and “extraction of information”, don’t pay attention to “pretty and ugly things”.
Material readiness:
1) House plan - defined
2) Material - 95% accounted for (attached)
3) Cost - 95% (attached)
3) House weight - 95% calculated (attached)
4) Soils - 50% sure(I looked into wells, talked, but I have to dig) clay soil GWL seasonally close

Have questions:
1) Opera load-bearing walls the second floor above the spans on monolithic reinforced concrete beams. The beams were placed with a gap above the floor slabs so as not to transfer the load to them. The load on the beams is approximately 1.98 t/m, but probably you should only take the weight of the walls, and after the reinforced belt, do not take into account the 2nd floor, then it will be approximately 0.6 t. Or take everything into account?
Balka drove the data into Monomakh and calculated it as best he could. If anyone owns a Monomakh, please check it out.

2) According to calculations, the width of the foundation is about 400mm, the central wall is 500mm. How to make the width of the tape the same or different? How much can you narrow the width of the foundation while maintaining the width of the sole? Everywhere they write that you need at least = the thickness of the walls or more, but at the same time there is an overhang, and secondly, the compressive strength of the ASG is at least 28 kg/cm2 = 280t/m2.
Let’s say a 400mm wall has 50mm overhangs on both sides, i.e. it rests on a 300mm thick plinth. Is that possible?

3) Look at all the material with “fresh eyes”, otherwise when you’ve been watching for two months, all sorts of crap starts to appear.

By design:
Foundation: strip
Floor: floor on the ground + 100mm EPS (either warm, but somehow it seems confusing)
External walls: ASG D500 400mm (in the future I will cover it with siding and mineral wool)
Internal load-bearing wall: PGS D500 300mm
Partitions: ASG D400 150mm
Floor 1-2: slabs
Floor 2-loft: wood + mineral wool 200mm
Roof: metal tile
Chimney ventilation: asb. pipes in mineral wool in a casing (I don’t know either: the casing can be galvanized, or AGS 150 can be used)

The attached materials contain an "exe" file - this is a virtual representation, i.e. you can wander around the house and look at it. By pressing the "Esc" key, you can turn off layers in the menu (sorry for the chaos - I don't have time at all). Try disabling "Walls façade". Only supporting structures can be left. You can turn on the lintels, reinforced belt and slabs, then you will see those beams that I asked about. The "F" button turns on flight mode. ​

It is almost impossible to build a stable and durable base without the use of concrete, since this material serves as the basis for any structure. The durability and reliability of the finished building depends on the quality of concrete, so you should take a responsible approach to the production of the solution. Very often for construction on private suburban areas developers prepare concrete from sand and gravel mixture with their own hands. Before choosing this option, it is worth learning about all the intricacies of its manufacture.

Selection of materials

Having decided to develop the site, you should purchase all the building materials that may be needed for the work. You need to purchase sand-crushed stone mixture exclusively from time-tested manufacturers.

It is worth knowing that when making concrete from PGS, the proportions of gravel and sand in the mixture may differ. For example, the classic PGS (unenriched) contains only 20 percent gravel, while the enriched one contains 75 percent of the material.

Typically, experts advise using an enriched composition, in which crushed stone predominates. Components for the manufacture of PGS, which are mined from the bottom of a river or sea, have high quality characteristics, therefore it is recommended to add them to prepare the mixture. River and sea components (gravel and sand) contain virtually no impurities, which increases the adhesion of the mixture to other elements of concrete. As a result, the master is guaranteed to receive high-quality PGS concrete for the foundation, the proportions of which will fully comply with the standards.

Subtleties of preparing the solution

Make it yourself concrete mortar for a base using gravel and sand it’s quite simple. For this purpose, certain tools and necessary raw materials are pre-prepared:

• Shovel;
• Dry cement;
• Clean water;
• Sand and gravel mixture;
• Standard size bucket;
• A concrete mixer or trough in which the components will be mixed.

In order for the solution to be of high quality, it is necessary to adhere to a certain ratio when preparing it. If an enriched composition is used for work, then the ideal proportions of PGS and cement for concrete are 8 to 1, respectively.

Next, of course, water is added, the volume of which is determined practically based on the state of the gas mixture. Often the composition is moistened, and therefore when using the mixture you will need several times less liquid than when using a dry composition of gravel and sand. Be that as it may, the water is not poured in immediately, but gradually, otherwise there is a risk of getting a solution that is too liquid. The ideal density of concrete is similar to the thickness of sour cream. Having achieved this consistency, you should stop adding liquid.

If you plan to use a classic mixture, then you need to approach its selection with particular care. The maximum size of gravel grains should be 8 cm, but if the fraction of the material exceeds this figure, then such a pg is not suitable for concrete. Regarding the proportion for an unenriched mixture:

• Sand and gravel - 6 parts;
• Cement – ​​1 part.

As for cement, professionals advise paying attention to Portland cement, which has excellent astringent characteristics. It is best to purchase material M300, M500 or M600. Cement grade 400 has a certain disadvantage - instant setting, so it should not be used. Not everyone knows that the rapid hardening of cement when pouring the base is fraught with the formation of cold joints, which deteriorate the quality of the finished base.

What else is worth remembering when making concrete from PGS? The proportions in buckets are slightly different. One vessel holds:

• Cement – ​​15.6 kg;
• Mixture of sand and crushed stone - 18 kg.

In this case, the proportion of elements for the classic mixture is 2 to 14, respectively. For an enriched composition, 1 part of cement to 9 parts of pgs is used. Don't forget about water. By strictly following these ratios, you can obtain concrete of the highest quality.

Many craftsmen wonder how much pgs is needed per cubic meter of concrete. To calculate the volume of the mixture, you should focus on the mass of all elements. Besides, important role The brand of cement used also plays a role. For example, for the production of M300 concrete the following is used:

• Cement grade 400 – 0.382 t;
• Gravel – 1.08 t;
• Sand – 0.705 t;
• Water – 220 l.

For M100 concrete the following is used:

• Cement grade 400 – 0.214 t;
• Gravel – 1.08 t;
• Sand – 0.87 t;
• Water – 210 l.

Almost always, manufacturers of sand and gravel compositions indicate on the bags the consumption of pg per 1 m3 of concrete.

Sometimes a different payment system is used. For example, to build a basic structure you need an M300 concrete mixture. To make 1 cubic meter of solution you will need:

• Cement – ​​0.38 t;
• Gravel – 0.8 m3;
• Sand – 0.5 m3.

If these calculation methods seem too complicated, you can follow the simplest path that professionals use - turn to a special table. It is enough to find the name of the material itself (“concrete from PGS”) and the proportions. The table will tell you the appropriate quantities of all components to create a high-quality solution.

Table

Calculation and proportions of ASG in the video:

A little more about concrete:

I contacted GefestStroy in June and decided to build a house. I came to the guys’ office with a blank sheet of paper, and in September we already had a house like this! I'm very pleased! Thank you!

Good afternoon. I am very pleased with the work of the guys, they did everything quickly and efficiently, according to reasonable price. I RECOMMEND!

Last year, I contacted this company and ordered from them bored foundation on stilts. I was pleasantly surprised by the quality and quick turnaround time of the work. This year I ordered the construction of a house from them. We agreed on the material, signed a construction contract and started work. I would like to express my gratitude to the managers for their responsible approach to work. I share with you the result of their work.

After analyzing many proposals, it was decided to build a grillage foundation on bored piles by GefestStroy. The idea seemed dubious due to the relatively low cost of the proposed work. My fears were in vain))) I was pleased with the result. I would like to note their responsible approach to their work and conscientious adherence to technology. All work is carried out strictly in compliance with all agreements and deadlines specified in the contract. Guarantee stipulated. In my case, I paid the bulk of the money for the construction of the zero cycle only upon completion of the work. I was surprised by the fact that the site was leveled using a level before construction.

Hello! My husband and I bought a plot of land; this year we had enough money, only for the zero cycle. We ordered a bored foundation from the guys and really liked the quality of the work, the production time and the price. They completed all the work in 2 days. THANK YOU SO MUCH!

We will build a turnkey house from aerated concrete in Moscow and the Moscow region from 14,000 rubles per meter. This price includes gas silicate block, foundation, walls, roof, screed. Turnkey construction of aerated concrete house - ideal option for people who dream of their own home, who do not want to find a hole in their wallet after construction. Construction technology from this material makes it possible to erect a reliable structure in a relatively short period of time. The SVS construction company has been building turnkey houses from aerated concrete in Moscow and the region for over a decade. We have qualitatively implemented hundreds of projects, as evidenced by positive reviews clients.

• Advantages of building a house from gas silicate

  • Durability and structural strength
  • Light weight, reduced load on the foundation
  • High degree of fire protection
  • Environmental safety of the material
  • Wide architectural possibilities
  • Immunity to rotting and microorganisms
  • good thermal insulation properties

• Disadvantages of building a house from gas silicate

  • Large quantity poor quality material, risk of getting defective
  • The need for exterior decoration facade
  • Tendency to saturate with moisture (hygroscopicity), the need to constantly heat the house

If you decide to build a house from aerated concrete with us, you can be sure of 100% quality. SVS specialists pay especially close attention to compliance with technology, SNPs and GOSTs. We:

• We thoroughly study the soils in order to correctly calculate the foundation for a house made of aerated concrete;
• We accurately calculate the load on the foundation of the house, which allows you to choose optimal technology foundation pouring and construction;
• We use our own professional formwork for the foundation;
• be sure to fill the armored belt in a house made of aerated concrete;
• we place the blocks on special glue, which increases the heat capacity and makes it more aesthetically pleasing appearance, regarding the use of conventional solution;
• We use autoclaved aerated concrete. The soundproofing properties of the material made using this technology are ten times superior to brick.

It is worth noting that during the construction of housing the cost of work does not change. Risks associated.

The cost of building houses from aerated concrete is from 15,000 rubles m²

Cost of a house made of aerated concrete - price in Moscow and the region

The cost of building a house from aerated concrete in Moscow and the region varies greatly among different construction companies. It depends not only on the quality of the work performed, but also on the image of the construction team, the availability of appropriate licenses, permits, and their own machinery and equipment. The SVS company offers to build a turnkey aerated concrete house inexpensively. We achieved a reduction in cost relative to our competitors due to the complete refusal of subcontracting and rent.

Price individual design- 250 rubles per 1 sq. meter.
When building a house with our company, the design is free of charge

At the SVS company, the price of building a turnkey aerated concrete house varies. It starts from 14 thousand rubles and reaches 23 thousand. This indicator is influenced by the complexity of the work and the materials used. Having decided to entrust the construction of a turnkey aerated concrete house in Moscow and the region to the construction company SVS, you will receive unsurpassed quality, an officially concluded contract, total control monitoring the construction site right up to online monitoring.

Concrete is the main material used in the construction of residential and industrial buildings, laying transport highways, erecting bridges, platins, strengthening dams and tunnels. The safety and long service life of erected structures depends on the strength of concrete.

Structural concrete consists of cement, water and solid aggregates. Increased requirements for the strength and reliability of foundations, monolithic structures, dams, dams, tunnels are successfully performed with concrete based on sand and gravel mixture (SGM).

Main types of ASG

Sand-gravel mixture is an inorganic bulk building material.

By percentage gravel grains in the mixture are distinguished:

• Natural (natural) sand and gravel mixture(PGS) with a gravel content of 10–20%;
• Enriched (sorted) sand and gravel mixture (OPGS) with a gravel content of 15–75%.

By origin and location natural look mixtures are divided into three types:

• Gorno-ravine, in which there are rock inclusions, and gravel grains have an acute angular shape.
• Lake-river with gravel of smoother shapes and a small content of clay and shell rock.
• Marine type It is characterized by a homogeneous composition, round solid inclusions and a minimal content of impurities.

Mountain-gully ASG is not used for concrete production due to its heterogeneous structure. This mixture is used to fill pits, foundations for transport highways, trenches when laying pipelines, and is used as a drainage layer in sewer systems.

Concrete for building structures, requiring special strength, are prepared from a river or sea enriched mixture of sand and gravel.

Acceptable grain sizes of solid fractions in PGS according to GOST 23735–2014 “Sand-gravel mixtures for construction work"(came into effect on July 1, 15) are:

Which sand and gravel mixture is suitable for concrete?

In the construction industry, concrete is used, which is produced from a natural mixture by enriching it with a certain amount of gravel. Enrichment of ASG occurs on screens, in drums or on vibrating planes, where fractions are sorted by size and excess sand is removed.

Permissible standards for gravel content in OPGS are defined in GOST 23735–2014 “Sand-gravel mixtures for construction work.”

There are five groups of enriched sand and gravel mixtures, which differ in the percentage of gravel grains in their composition. They are shown in the table.

According to GOST 23735–2014, the sizes of gravel grains in OPGS should not exceed: 10 mm; 20 mm; 40 mm or 70 mm. In special cases it is allowed maximum size gravel up to 150 mm.

The characteristics of gravel included in the OPGS, such as strength, frost resistance, impurity content, are checked according to GOST 8267–93 “Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work."

The quality of sand (composition, grain size, content of dust and clay impurities) in the enriched sand-gravel mixture used for preparing concrete must comply with GOST 8736–93 “Sand for construction work”.

How to prepare concrete from ASG?

Depending on the compressive strength, concrete is divided into classes in accordance with SNiP 2.03.01–84 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures" The concrete class is indicated by the letter “B” and a number corresponding to the load in MPa that a concrete cube measuring 15*15*15 cm can withstand.

Concrete grades more familiar to the construction market are designated by the letter “M” and tensile strength values ​​in kg/cm 2 . The cement included in the concrete is also marked.

In construction, concrete grades from M100 to M450 are used. The grade and, accordingly, the strength of concrete depends on the amount of cement included in its composition.

To produce popular grades of concrete, M400 and M500 cement is used in certain proportions with an enriched sand-gravel mixture and water.

OPGS for concrete mixture must contain gravel grains various sizes. The fine gravel will fill the voids between the coarse grains and provide the design strength of the concrete.

The enriched mixture should be purchased from large manufacturers, guaranteeing compliance of the characteristics of the OPGS with norms and standards.

Mixing the concrete mixture is done manually or mechanically.

Mechanisms and tools for mixing concrete directly on the construction site:

• concrete mixer;
• shovel;
• bucket;
• container for manual kneading.

Higher quality concrete is obtained by mechanical production from ready-made enriched sand and gravel mixtures.

ASG concrete for foundation

Concrete grades are prepared from an enriched mixture of gravel and sand:

• M150– for foundations for small one-story buildings;
• M200– for strip and slab foundations;
• M250– for monolithic and slab foundations;
• M300– for monolithic foundations;
• M400– with accelerated setting for particularly strong foundations.

To improve the adhesion of the mixed components, Portland cement with a calcium silicate content of up to 80% is used to prepare concrete. This allows you to mix concrete at low temperatures, but not below +16 0 C.

Proportions of ASG and cement for concrete

Proportions for preparing concrete from cement grades M400, M500 and OPGS of the 4th group with a gravel content of 60–65% (cement/OPGS):

Depending on the moisture content of the source material, the amount of water per fraction of the dry mass of the solution may vary, so water is added in parts. At the beginning of the batch, take 2/3 of the water, gradually adding water during the preparation of concrete until a homogeneous plastic mass is obtained.

Experienced builders advise preparing concrete for the foundation from an enriched sand-gravel mixture in a volume ratio of 1/8 or 1/6.

In this case, concrete grades are obtained accordingly:

• M150 and M200 from cement M400 and M500;
• M200 and M300 from cement M400 and M500.

Instructions for mixing concrete M300 from OPGS, mechanically, in a 125 liter concrete mixer:

• Concrete mixer included without filling with ingredients.
• Tilt the concrete mixer to the first position and pour 5 liters of water.
• Fill 6 buckets of OPGS 4th group with grain size 5–20 mm.
• Tilt the concrete mixer to the second position and fill in 1 bucket of M500 cement.
• Add 3 liters of water, depending on the humidity of the OPGS.
• After 2–3 minutes The readiness of concrete is determined by color and consistency.

When kneading manually concrete:

• dry ingredients are poured into a container (trough, tray) mixtures and mix them thoroughly with a shovel;
• form a slide from cement mixture and make a hole in it;
• Water is gradually poured into the hole, constantly stirring the solution with a shovel;
• water is added until the desired concrete consistency is obtained.

You can determine the proportions for mixing concrete without weighing or complex calculations. The method is based on meeting the conditions under which durable concrete is obtained. The cementitious emulsion should fill all the free space between the solid fractions of the mixture.

To do this, take a measuring container and a 10 liter bucket. The enriched sand and gravel mixture is poured into a bucket and filled with water, measuring the volume with a measuring cup. When the water rises to the surface of the mixture, record the measured volume of water. This will be the volume of cement that needs to be added to the OPGS.

If it was possible to pour 2 liters of water into a bucket with filler, then to obtain concrete, mix a bucket of OPGS and 2-liter measures of cement. The cement-mixture proportion will be 1/5. Water is added to the dry mixture in portions until a plastic mass is formed.

Concrete gains brand strength 28 days after pouring the foundation.

But to continue construction, it is not necessary to wait that long. In warm weather, after three days the concrete gains 70% strength, which is enough to build walls.

In cold weather, you should wait a week, after which you can continue construction.

Mechanical or manually prepare small volumes of concrete for strip foundations garages, outbuildings, dachas, one-story buildings. The average mixing volume of a concrete mixer is 125–300 liters, and for the foundation of a house with a basement, up to 20 m 3 of concrete may be needed.

It is technologically unacceptable to pour concrete in layers over several days, so it is better to order ready-made concrete, which will be transported in a mixer directly to the construction site.