Metal drilling is one of the many operations that is often performed during metalworking. Drilling is performed for various dismountable/non-separable connections when a certain hole diameter is required for rivet, bolt or stud fasteners.

Metal itself is a highly durable material, so when working with it, regardless of whether you need to drill or cut through it, you use cutting tools that are much stronger than it. Drilling metal parts can be carried out both in special industrial workshops and at home when carrying out various repair work, in a garage or small workshop. For home drilling, a hand-held electric drill is usually used.

Drilling holes in metal workpieces or parts is a specific technology for removing thin numerous layers of metal with a drill rotating around its axis. In this case, the main condition for drilling is to keep the drill, fixed in the drill chuck, clearly perpendicular to the workpiece being drilled.

This is especially important when drilling thick metal. If during operation the drill deviates relative to the axis of the hole being drilled, it will simply break. To prevent this from happening, the drill must be firmly fixed. For this purpose, special devices are provided that you can buy at a tool store or make yourself.

Drilling modes

When working with a drill, it is important not only to secure it firmly, but also choose the optimal mode of its rotation. When processing metal, an important factor remains the number of revolutions made by the drill over a certain period of time and the force that is transmitted to it during this time to ensure penetration into the metal.

For working with metals of different hardness, drills designed for different modes work. The speed of rotation of the drill directly depends on the thickness and hardness of the metal, as well as the diameter of the drill itself. The stronger the material being processed and the larger the diameter of the drill, the slower the drilling mode should be. An indicator of a correctly selected mode is long, spiral-shaped chips.

Core marking, template and jig

You can drill through the metal according to the markings made with a core, use a template or a special jig.

A core is a sharpened metal pin made of heavy-duty steel. With its help, a small recess for the drill is made on the metal part prepared for drilling in the place where it is planned to drill a hole.

To do this, the core is placed with its sharp end at the intended drilling point, after which a strong blow is applied to it with a hammer. The tip of the drill is inserted into the recess left by the core and drilling begins, and at the beginning of work the drill will no longer be able to move away from the marked point.

To mark the center of a cylindrical workpiece, experienced mechanics often use a strip of tin bent at 90 degrees. In this case, one shoulder must correspond to the diameter of the workpiece; it is applied to the workpiece, after which a line is drawn with a pencil along its edge. The operation is carried out 2-3 times, and the point of intersection of the lines will indicate the center of the cylinder, where a core can be used to make a recess for the drill.

The template is made to mark blanks of the same type, on which several points for drilling are marked. It is very convenient when you need to work with several parts from sheet metal, which are stacked in a common stack and secured together with a clamp.

In cases where high accuracy and perpendicularity of the drilled channel is required or it is necessary to strictly maintain the distance between several holes, It is recommended to use a conductor. Also, a jig will be necessary when working with thin-walled pipes, when it will be impossible to make a hole for the drill with a core.

When deep drilling, special devices are used to firmly fix the drill in a perpendicular position to the workpiece.

Drilling accessories

Working with metal is a rather labor-intensive process even for experienced professionals. Sometimes you need long time hold the drill in exactly the same position towards the workpiece. To make work easier and drill metal efficiently, a right-angle drilling device is used.

There are three types of such devices:

1. Stand for holding the drill.

This device is in the form of a box with guide bushings installed inside, which are made of heavy-duty steel that is resistant to drills. The jig can be used for almost all drill diameters up to 20 mm. After installing this device above the center of the intended hole, the drill will no longer move away from its axis

The jig is convenient to use for working with pipes of small diameter, when it is impossible to use a core for marking.

Guide clamp for drill

This mechanism is designed to hold the drill stationary during operation. It consists of two posts, rigidly attached to the sole in the form of a large circle. Moves along the racks ​ a mechanism into which a drill is inserted and fixed to it by the neck. There, on the racks, under the drill locking mechanism, there are return springs.

As the drill deepens into the metal, under the force of the master, they compress, but as soon as the force stops, the springs straighten, and the mechanism holding the drill rises along the racks to its original position.

Drill Holder

Essentially, this is a simplified vertical drilling machine, but with minimal functions.

It consists of a massive flat sole (platform) and a rigid rod attached to it. The rod is fixed to the platform at a strictly right angle. It also contains a movable carriage with a mount for holding the drill, and a handle for controlling it.

The workpiece is secured to the platform using clamps or a vice. The master lowers the carriage with the drill down by the handle and holds it during the entire drilling process.

Types of holes and methods for drilling them

Drilled holes in metal can be:

1. Completely end-to-end.
2. Muffled.
3. Deep.
4. With a large diameter.

Through holes: pierce the workpiece completely through. The peculiarity of this process is to protect the surface of the workbench on which the workpiece is located from damage when the drill leaves the part. In this case, you may also get damaged. cutting tool. To prevent this from happening, you can use:

1. Workbenches with holes.
2. Place a thick wooden spacer under the workpiece.
3. Place the part on two metal or wooden beams.
4. At the final stage of drilling, reduce the force on the drill and reduce its rotation speed.

The latter method should usually be used when drilling on site so that nearby parts are not damaged.

Blind holes: This type of drilling is not performed using the through method, but only to a set depth. The drilling depth limitation is set in the following ways:

1. Using a bushing stop.
2. Chuck adjusting stop.
3. A ruler attached to a machine or drill.
4. Other ways of combining in the form of various gaskets between the drill and the workpiece.

Modern machines are equipped with automatic feeding of the drill to a given depth, after which the work stops.

: This is usually used for lathe. Moreover, if a cylindrical part is processed, it is not the drill that rotates, but the workpiece itself. During operation, the drill must be constantly cooled, and chips must be forcibly removed from the pass being processed.

For this purpose, special grooves are located on the surface of the deep drill. If they are missing, it must be periodically removed from the body of the part and cleaned of metal shavings. Ordinary water can be used as a coolant. During deep drilling in living conditions It is necessary to firmly fasten the drill, otherwise after the drill breaks, part of it will remain in the body of the workpiece, which can be considered damaged.

How to drill a large diameter hole in metal

This procedure is much more complicated than deep drilling. For small metal thicknesses, this procedure is performed with a special crown, or with ordinary metal drills in several passes.

Crown

Consists of a kit that includes regular drill, evenly punching a channel in the workpiece and the crown itself of a certain diameter. The working process is carried out at low speeds of the drill, while forced cooling of the cutting edges of the drill and bit is carried out.

Multi-stage drilling

If the part is thick, it is necessary to have a certain supply of drills, the difference in diameter should be within 25% of each other. Work should begin with the thinnest drill. As soon as a through channel is drilled, the drill is replaced with a diameter larger than the previous one. Thus, gradually, the drills are changed to the diameter of the given size.

Step cone drill

This is a set of cone-shaped drills of various diameters located on one common axis. Enough handy tool for working with steel sheet metal. The operating principle is practically indistinguishable from conventional drilling.

A step-cone drill is driven deep into the workpiece until it reaches right size drilled hole.

Punching holes

The technology of punching holes in metal alloys is quite common. It is used when working with sheet metal. The advantages of the technology are that holes are punched exactly at a given point with a clear diameter and practically without losing a certain amount of time. For this purpose, specialized pressing machines are used.

For punching thin sheet metal a manual punch can be used. This tool for punching holes in metal is made from a steel pipe. Pipes can be used for the punch various diameters. To punch a hole, the punch is placed at the marked point, after which several strong blows are applied to it with a hammer. The result is a neatly punched hole.

When working with any power tools, you must always follow safety precautions and protect the tool from premature wear. To do this, it is recommended to take into account a few simple tips:

Processing of metal parts is one of the most complex operations. Drilling may be required when working in production, in a house, garage, or in a country house. For these purposes, drilling equipment, drills and additional accessories are used.

Metal products have increased strength, as well as hardness, which determines strict adherence to technology and the use of reliable and high-quality equipment. Drilling holes in metal is required to create a variety of collapsible as well as non-separable connections. For this plumbing procedure, you need a machine or a drill, a hammer with a center punch for accurately marking holes and a drill.

How to drill a hole in metal - technology

Processing of metal products is carried out in production, when repairing a car, at home, or in the manufacture of various structures. The use of technology for drilling holes in metals involves the use of machine tools or hand drills. Moreover, the first option requires significant financial costs, since stationary equipment is not cheap.

The technological process of drilling consists in the gradual removal of a thin metal layer during the rotational-translational movement of the drill. Receipt high-quality processing impossible without reliable axial fixation of the chuck and straight feed. For these purposes they are used special clamps mechanical type - conductors. These additional devices are required when it is necessary to drill a hole in a metal product whose thickness is greater than the diameter of the tool used.

Before starting drilling, mark the center of the resulting hole with a center punch. To get high accuracy, it is necessary to select a drill 0.1-0.3 mm smaller than the required size of the area being treated. A slight vibration of the equipment will break the drilled diameter to the required value. To reduce friction, coolant or special lubricant is used. This can be machine oil or plain water.

If the edges of the drill become dull, they must be corrected, otherwise the tool itself and the workpiece can be damaged. When working with hollow objects (boxes, pipes), a special wooden spacer is placed inside. If it is necessary to cut threads, drills are selected taking into account the breakdown of the drilling area. First, use a smaller diameter gimlet, and then drill with the main one.

How to drill metal with a drill

The main problem when working with a drill is holding it manually. In this case, it is necessary to strictly observe the direction, provide the necessary clamping force and control the drilling speed.

Having placed the necessary marks on the product, the center of future drilling sites needs to be marked, which will prevent the gimlet from moving. The workpiece can be secured in clamps or placed on a special stand. When using hand tools for holes in metals, you must ensure that the drill is strictly perpendicular.

Do not apply excessive pressure to the tool during operation. As the drill progresses, the force decreases, which reduces the formation of burrs at the exit and prevents breakage of the drill. When biting the drill, it is released by reverse rotation.

If a large drilling depth is required (more than five drill diameters), you should special attention pay attention to cooling the cutting object and constantly removing metal shavings. A short type drill is pre-used to obtain the required alignment and feed direction. Chips are removed by turning the part over, using coolant, as well as hooks or magnets.

Drill requirements

To drill a hole in metal efficiently, you need to choose the right drills, taking into account the diameters, as well as the properties of the material. For this, high-speed tool steel is used. When drilling alloy and hardened carbon steel objects, cast iron, stainless steel and other difficult-to-cut materials, carbide drills are used.

Before drilling a hole in solid metal, it must be pre-drilled with a smaller tool. Some cutting products contain cobalt additives, which increase their wear resistance and durability. The letter “K” is added to the marking of this instrument.

Power and speed during operation

Its capabilities depend on the power of the equipment that drills metal. Hand drills, having a power of about 500-700 W, are intended for drilling areas up to a maximum of 10-13 mm in diameter.

The rotation speed of the cutting tool when working on ordinary metal is low and medium (500-1000 rpm). The use of high speeds is fraught with rapid heating of the drill, which causes its annealing with softening. Drilling deep holes in metal should be done with moderate pressure and low speeds.

How to drill metal correctly

For a complete metal drilling process, the main parameter is the sharpness of the drill. The rate of dulling of cutting edges directly depends on the hardness of the material being processed, feed force, rotation speed, presence of cooling and other factors. The technology for drilling large holes in metal is to initially drill with a small drill, and then use the main one.

For accurate drilling, it is necessary to core the centers of future areas being processed. You can improve the process conditions by first dipping the tool tip into machine oil. In everyday life, ordinary soapy water is used. For the deep drilling process, it is necessary to constantly cool the working tool and promptly remove accumulated metal shavings.

Sheet

When working with metal products sheet type must be placed under the cut site wooden block, which will prevent the appearance of burrs. As a replacement for the bar, you can use any material that is less hard than the main one. At the final stage, it is recommended to reduce the feed force, which will also reduce the likelihood of the formation of dangerous burrs.

Holes in pipes

The main problem with drilling pipes is their precise positioning. In this case, the input drilled location often does not coincide with the output one. Increasing the pipe diameter leads to an even greater error. It is almost impossible to maintain strict perpendicularity by eye, so special purchased or homemade conductors and guides are used.

Stainless steel

Work with stainless steel is carried out at minimum speed, preferably with a cobalt drill. A value of 120-150 rpm will provide the required cutting quality and speed. In the absence of a speed regulator, the drill is turned on briefly, which will not allow the chuck to accelerate to maximum values. You can use step drills, which greatly facilitate the process. For diameters greater than 15 mm, special “crowns” are used. The working element is cooled with fat or olive oil.

Aluminum

The difficulty of working with aluminum products lies in the material enveloping the cutting edges. This makes it much more difficult for the drill to penetrate deeper and at the same time expands the processing area itself. Precision drilling requires removing the drill from the part more often for cleaning and using coolant.

Safety

Any work, including metal work, must be carried out in compliance with all necessary measures security. Workpieces of medium and large sizes are fixed on special devices or on the machine table. Small parts are held in a hand vice. It is prohibited to hold the workpiece with your hands while drilling.

Do not touch moving elements or throw belts on the machine pulley as it rotates. The chips are removed with special hooks or brushes. The sleeves on workwear are buttoned or rolled up above the elbow, the hair is hidden under a headdress, and the eyes are covered with safety glasses.

There comes a time in every person’s life when it is necessary to make repairs to a house or apartment. And then the question arises about remodeling the space: moving sockets, updating wiring and drilling other holes to bring the design project of the room to life.

In the process of performing the work, the most different instruments and drills. Of course, customers always prefer more powerful models. There is a large selection of tools on the market that can be used to organize work.

Selection principles

Most cases involve the use of hammer drills. This tool always has more power in reserve; it allows you to pierce even very thick walls. With this tool you can always drill into large areas. It is advisable to use it in the following situations:

• when you need to make a hole up to 10 - 12 mm in size;
• when many holes need to be drilled. Moreover, the size of each of them is supposed to be quite large;
• when working on coatings containing foam.

All craftsmen should know that drills can be classified according to their impact power. Some models can be used for drilling concrete coverings, others are designed for use with specific attachments. It is important that the alloy from which the nozzles are made is of high quality. High-quality alloys are the guarantee that the drill will not fail for a long time.

It all depends on the nozzle

Before starting repairs, it is necessary to draw up a small estimate for installation work in order to understand exactly what equipment will be needed in the process.

All drill attachments can be divided by type of work:

• for making holes;
• for corner drilling;
• drill stops;
• for grinding;
• for cutting;
• for polishing;
• mixer attachments.

And also by the type of material on which the work takes place:

• concrete;
• tile;
• tree;
• metal.

Important factors are also the length of the equipment and the alloy from which the nozzle is made.

What kind of work may require drilling:

• laying plumbing lines;
• gating walls for laying electrical cables;
• drilling socket boxes;
• small holes for wall cabinets and shelves.

How to drill concrete evenly with a drill

First you need to know for sure that the right nozzle has been selected. Drilling must always be done at low speeds. Typically, the tool is in use for 10 or 12 minutes. During this time, it is guaranteed that it will not overheat and accidentally break. If the tool drill accidentally remains in the thickness of the wall, you must carefully remove it. You cannot use force. Perhaps the drill will break and its fragments will remain in the thickness of the wall. If necessary, the drill can be easily detached from the attachment.

The drill must be held strictly perpendicular to the surface. If this is not observed, there is a risk of damaging the drill and sometimes leaving a dent. It is also important to ensure that drilling dust does not get into your eyes. To do this, purchase safety glasses. You can also use gloves to prevent your hands from slipping during technological process. Only a person who has sufficient strong hands. Because the process requires significant effort.

Features of working with concrete pavement

First we select a drill. If the wall is made of concrete or brickwork, it is better to give preference to pobedit bits, since this tool turns the material into crumbs at the drilling site. But it is not suitable for other surfaces, for example, if you drill with it wooden boards the fibers will tear and the hole will be sloppy.

When drilling concrete surface It must be taken into account that there will be a lot of dust, so you need to prepare a vacuum cleaner to collect debris from the hole. This, of course, does not guarantee absolute cleanliness when performing work, but it allows you to reduce the amount of dirt.

Before you start drilling, you need to check whether there are any communications in that place. Damage to electrical wiring will entail the injection of additional funds into its restoration. The wall must first be ringed; for this you can use an alarm or a metal detector.

Now you can proceed directly to drilling holes in concrete wall. First, we outline the place where the future hole will be with a construction pencil. We start drilling at low speed, this will improve the accuracy of the work. After this we increase the speed. The drill must enter the surface at one angle so that the drilling direction does not go astray and the hole is of the desired size.

If a hole is made for a dowel, it should be longer than the dowel itself so that it can be installed flush with the wall and not stick out.

How to drill into tiles with a drill

Ceramic surfaces have proven to be particularly fragile coatings. The outcome of drilling in such areas is determined by the quality of laying the tiles themselves. If the master performing the work did not make mistakes during installation work, then the drilling process should proceed without interference. Under competent styling is understood as one in which no empty zones are formed between the wall and the covering. If there are voids between the tile and the wall, the tile may burst or break off during drilling.

We start by choosing a drill. There are specialized attachments for ceramics and glass, but you can also use equipment for concrete with pobedite coating. It is important that the concrete drill is new enough, otherwise it will slide along the tiles and scratch the base, which will lead to damage to the masonry.

The process of drilling tiles should take place at low speeds to prevent chipping of the glaze coating decorative surface. After drilling the ceramics, change the drill; if you are using a drill for ceramics, make a hole in the wall.

How to drill wood surfaces with a drill

Wood is the easiest material to drill. But there are also certain features of the technological process that must be observed so as not to spoil the surface and not to break the equipment. Speed ​​parameters depend on the type of wood covering. Loose samples are easy to drill. The following types of wood equipment can be distinguished:

• flat or feather;
• twisted, they are also single-spiral;
• crowns, also called core drills;
• cylindrical nozzles of the Forstner type.

Select a drill. As a rule, for small holes (less than 1.2 cm), metal tooling is used, if necessary larger diameter you will have to fork out for a specialized wood drill.

For larger holes it is necessary to use annular crowns. Forstner-type crowns are ideal for drilling blind areas.

Particular attention must be paid to drilling the timber. Despite the fact that it is very convenient to fix, its thickness often becomes a negative factor that complicates the work. If the timber standard size, then usually take drills up to 25 mm. The drilling process always takes place at low speeds.

How to drill a brick wall

Drilling brick with a drill is a simple process. An impact drill is used for work. If drilling is unstressed, the drilling process may take a long time. It is very important that the tool operates at high power. Quantitative indicators of revolutions per minute are also important. Indicators of more than 2,000 revolutions are considered the most acceptable.

Of course, to perform more quality work a hammer drill is used. If it is not at hand, then use high-power drills. To drill a hole you do not need any special knowledge. The main thing is to follow a number of simple recommendations mentioned above. Sometimes you can stumble upon a burnt stone. It will be quite difficult to form a cavity in it. Such a brick is identified by the dust generated during operation. It becomes a pronounced black shade.

To create holes in burnt rocks, you need to turn on the drill at low speeds and set the impact function. You need to press very hard on the tool for the impact function to work correctly. It is also important to ensure that the drill does not overheat during operation. A severely overheated drill causes the edges of the drill to wear out quickly. For such purposes, a diamond-coated drill is most often used. This way the clutch is most effective. This leads to significant savings in physical effort and energy.

Sometimes situations arise when the hole made needs to be made of a significant diameter. For example, this could be a ventilation outlet. It will be very difficult to organize such work ordinary tool. You will need powerful equipment and crowns large size.

Work with large diameters

At the beginning of the work, the area where the hole should be formed is outlined. It is important to observe dimensions here. When the hole diameter is 100 mm, then the circle needs to be drawn at approximately 20 mm. This is typical for situations where the drill deviates from the working circle. Even a small shift can damage the surface if this is not taken into account from the very beginning. You need to make sure that the drill goes through the walls. Only in such a situation can you be sure that the hole will be made correctly.

How to drill walls correctly with a drill

If such a question arises, then most likely we are talking about how exactly you need to hold the tool in your hands so that you do not get a hole that is too large. If you need to make a hole at an angle, you need to use special drill attachments. To fix the tool on the surface, you can purchase a stop attachment; this will allow you to drill more accurately and the drill will not go in another direction.

Safety precautions

Compliance with these rules guarantees that the work will be successfully carried out without harm to human health. Before any work, it is important to inspect the surface. If a small element is being drilled, then most likely it will need to be secured in a special vice. For example, if we are talking about timber. Never place a work element in a poorly fixed spindle.

There should be no hanging ends on the worker's overalls. The shirt is usually tucked into the trousers. Under no circumstances should clothing be cleaned during work, as this can lead to serious consequences. Masters use protective glasses - masks to protect the skin of the face and eyes.

To prevent the tool from slipping out of your hands while working, you must wear gloves. If the drill is massive, then it is best to carry out work with rubber gloves. They not only help ensure that the instrument does not slip out of your hands, but also prevent various injuries to the skin of the hands.

Be sure to hold the tool with both hands. Do not work while standing on stairs or other poorly secured surfaces. Do not use blunt equipment, this leads to an increase in construction time. Do not insert or remove a drill using an adjustable wrench - this will damage the chuck and tool. Do not use the drill in snow or rain, even light rain - this can lead to a short circuit and electric shock.

Whatever work needs to be done with a drill, it is important to remember that the quality of the work performed directly depends on taking into account the features of drilling. The main thing is to believe in yourself and not stray from the planned work plan.

A structure whose surface is far from easy to damage, as is drilling. But if such a need nevertheless arises, then with the help special equipment and following certain rules, this can still be done. And now about everything in more detail.

General provisions

Let's first look at why a concrete wall cannot be drilled using conventional methods. And everything lies in the structure of such a durable material:

As you can see, the action of all components is aimed at increasing the strength qualities of the finished product. Especially critical for conventional drills is crushed stone, which instantly dulls their cutting edges.

And despite all the complexity of processing a concrete wall, the need for this can arise very often.

For example, if you need:

• Hang the shelf on the wall or any other furniture interior.

• Finish with plasterboard.

• Carrying out electrical wiring, installing new sockets and switches. In this case, to lay the wire, reinforced concrete is also cut with diamond wheels.

• Plumbing connection.

Execution technology

We have dealt with the need and the difficulties that arise, now we will look at how to properly drill a concrete wall.

Tool selection

First of all, let’s decide what to drill into a concrete wall. , of course, do not fit.

You can choose from the following options:

• Drills tipped from Pobedite. But it should be borne in mind that in addition to rotation, a shock function will also be required.

Tip: Do not use a cutting tool with pobedit for drilling iron or wood, as it will crush them.

• Diamond coated drills. Such edges will be able to cut stone even without impact, but their price is much higher.

But the question of how to drill into a concrete wall is not limited to the choice of consumables.

You also need to decide on the tool:

• Regular drill. Only if you don’t have anything more suitable and you only need to make 2-3 holes. And in this case, from time to time you will have to pierce the concrete layer with a steel pin with your own hands.
• Hammer drill. It will cope with a small amount of work even if the diameter of the required holes does not exceed 13 mm. The fact is that the impact in such a device is carried out by a metal “ratchet”, which wears out quite quickly under intense load.

• Hammer. It can handle large volumes and can even use special nozzles in the form of crowns, which are ideal for drilling nests for sockets. In it, the impact is carried out due to the piston system, which is much more powerful and less likely to fail than the “ratchet” of a drill.

The following generalized table will help to summarize and give a final answer to the question of what is the best way to drill concrete walls:

Carrying out work

Now let's figure out how to drill a concrete wall. To do this, let's take a hammer drill as a clear winner of impromptu competitions.

The instructions for its operation are as follows:

1. We check the shaft shaft for debris. If we find one, we delete it.
2. Insert the drill until it clicks. In this case, in some models it may be necessary to pull the slider part of the “nose” of the tool towards you.
3. We bring it strictly perpendicularly and begin to drill, lightly pressing on it.

Tip: wet the working part of the drill with water from time to time. This will protect it from overheating and extend its service life.

1. During the drilling process, the drill may get stuck. In this case, you should not try to loosen it in order to pull it out, as you may break off the tip. Simply remove the tool from the device, insert a drill of a smaller diameter and try to use it to widen the hole and free the captive product.
2. Monitor the equipment while allowing it to cool.

Conclusion

We looked at how to drill through a concrete wall, the process itself is not that complicated. The main thing is to choose the right tools and follow some rules while working. The most practical and rational decision will be the use of a hammer drill with pobedit drills.

The video in this article will provide you with the opportunity to consider additional information regarding the presented materials. Be careful and you will succeed!

It takes pride of place in the home craftsman’s workshop. electric drill. This is the first power tool invented in the world. An indispensable assistant for drilling holes continues to surprise with its application possibilities. A real lifesaver that is very easy to use. Below we will talk about how to work with this tool, how to insert or remove a drill, and what else is possible.

Main functions of the tool

The main purpose of an electric drill is to drill holes in materials. It was for this purpose that Wilhelm Fein invented it in 1895.

Inside the plastic case there are components:

• electric motor;
• starting switch;
• gearbox;
• reverse;
• retainer;
• capacitor;
• impact mechanism.

A chuck for attachments is attached to the shaft (spindle) of the drill using a thread and a fixing screw.

The fixed drill rotates both to the right and to the left. For this purpose, a reverse switch is placed on the housing. In this mode, you are only allowed to remove the drill from the hole or unscrew screws and bolts. Turn on short term at lower speeds.

Drill operating modes

Many had to hammer into the wall with a bolt in order to hang a cornice or a picture. Now this is done with a drill, setting the correct operating mode.

1. Unstressed. Carpentry and plumbing work is carried out in this mode.
2. Shock. For working with concrete, brick or stone foundations. The rotating drill moves in the longitudinal direction and makes translational (impact) movements.

The speed of the drill differs for different tasks and is adjusted in two ways.

1. Mechanical. The desired position is set on the scale. As speed decreases, torque increases. The output power does not change, even under load. You can set the speed while the drill is running.
2. Electronic. The speed is controlled by a built-in rheostat. When you lightly press the switch key, the drill rotates at low speed. As you press harder, the speed increases until it reaches the set limit. The extreme value can be limited by a special wheel on the button. The output power with this method is reduced.

Drill fixation mechanism

It is difficult to work with a drill that is inserted incorrectly. It breaks or flies out, resulting in an uneven hole.

The drill has a jaw chuck. An adjusting ring moves along the surface of the hollow cylinder. The chuck is mounted on the drill shaft with a base with a threaded or tapered hole.

How to insert a drill into a chuck

Step 1: The chuck jaws are closed.

Step 2. Rotate the adjustment ring counterclockwise by hand. The jaws inside the chuck diverge to a distance slightly larger than the size of the drill.

Step 3. Insert the drill into the chuck to the full possible depth. The diameter of the clamped tool is allowed 2 - 13 mm.

Step 4. By rotating the adjusting ring clockwise by hand, tighten the drill.

Step 5. Insert the drill key into the hole on the chuck body so that the teeth on the key and the chuck are closed.

Step 6. With slight pressure, turn the key clockwise until it stops to securely fix the drill. There are 2 - 3 key holes, we insert them into each one in turn for uniform clamping.

Step 7. The drill is ready for use.

Before carrying out any maintenance work, remove the plug from the socket.

To avoid losing the key, craftsmen secure it with electrical tape to the drill wire.

Less commonly used is a quick-release jaw chuck, which is tightened without a key. It comes with one or two adjusting sleeves with anti-slip notches. If there is only one sleeve, hold the drill body motionless. If there are two sleeves, the part fixed to the spindle remains motionless. The moving part is turned by hand: when securing the drill clockwise, when removing it counterclockwise.

How to remove a drill from a chuck

The drill can only be removed from a disconnected tool.

While rotating, the drill and chuck become very hot. Do not touch them with bare hands immediately after switching off.

If there are no problems with the drill such as jamming or breakage, it is easy to remove it from the chuck. Operate in reverse ok.

1. The key is inserted into the holes of the cartridge one by one and turned slightly counterclockwise. The clenching of the fists weakens.
2. The adjusting ring is manually turned counterclockwise. The fists inside diverge.
3. Take out the drill.

If the drill has a locking mechanism, first press the locking button.

How to use a drill: basic rules

Getting started

1. Before turning on, check the plug and cord. If damaged, do not use the drill. The plug must fit tightly into the socket.
2. The side handle (if present) is put on the spindle and secured in any direction. It gives additional control over the instrument.
3. The drill is tightly fixed in the drill.
4. Set the switch to drilling/drilling mode.
5. To limit the depth, set and fix the position of the limiter.
6. The regulator sets the maximum speed.
7. There are drills with a drill diameter recognition function in the range of 3 - 13 mm. In this case, the automation takes into account the size of the drill and the material being processed. The optimal speed is determined by the autopilot. Automation cannot be used if the drill diameter is larger than the shank. Then the required speed is set manually.
8. Press the switch key. If the speed control is electronic, it is changed by smoothly pressing the trigger.

How to make a vertical, horizontal, corner hole in wood

During drilling, the workpiece or part is tightly clamped in a vice on a workbench or with clamps to the work table.

Under no circumstances should you hold the part with your hands; both hands must be free.

Holes with an electric drill in any material are drilled only at an angle of 90 0.

How to drill a vertical hole

1. Put the drill in drilling mode.
2. Select speed: the thinner the drill, the higher. The diameters of the drill and the screw shaft must be equal. Otherwise, the screw is difficult to insert and the wood will crack.
3. If the hole is through, it is good to place a wooden block under the workpiece. This will prevent the edges of the hole from splitting when the drill comes out.
4. If the hole is blind, its diameter and depth should be the same as that of a screw for screwing in. Even if you screw in self-tapping screws, light pre-drilling will make the job easier.
5. The drill enters the surface only at a right angle. Having fixed the tip of the drill in the wood, turn on the maximum speed to obtain a smooth edge of the hole. The higher the speed, the more accurately the drill moves and cuts the wood fibers.

Video: how to drill a perpendicular hole using homemade products

For a horizontal hole, only the workpiece is moved. If a hole at an angle is required, the desired position of the part is set in a vice. It is clamped rigidly and skewed so that the drill enters perpendicular to the surface.

If a hole is needed in a part of a non-standard shape (for example, cylindrical), prepare one or more gaskets. They fix the desired position of the workpiece in a vice and guide the drill (preferably with a centering tip) to the drilling point.

The drill only goes into a flat surface. Professionals use a jig device for drilling at an angle, which is attached to the part.

You can make the simplest conductor yourself.

1. In a block 50 - 60 mm thick, drill a hole at an angle of 90 0 with a depth of no more than 5 mm.
2. Without removing the drill from the hole, change its direction to the desired angle. Pre-drilling will prevent it from slipping out. Drill the block to its full depth.
3. The primitive conductor is ready. The drilled hole will serve as a guide for the drill.

If craftsmen do not want to use conductors, they come up with convenient devices for themselves.

Video: angle drilling device

How to drill holes in concrete and brick foundations

If perpendicular holes are drilled during construction work, a support post will ensure precise direction of the drill. The drilling depth limiter will tell you when to stop. If it is not included with the drill, do it yourself. The drill that will be used for work is “cut” wooden cube. The free area of ​​the drill is equal to the required depth. Or they wrap electrical tape around the drill in front of such a section.

Only a rotary hammer can withstand a long load in shock mode. But for short-term work, a drill is suitable. To do this, set the shock mode and operate at high speeds. It is important to make sure that there is no hidden wiring or fittings.

When drilling such surfaces, a lot of dust and debris gets onto the drill; it needs to be cleaned in a timely manner.

At the end of the work, the cartridge is blown out with a stream of compressed air.

Drills marked “for concrete” with a carbide cutting part will quickly drill through walls or ceilings. It is optimal if they have a hex shank. The maximum drilling diameter in concrete is 16 mm. If the holes are up to 8 mm, it is easy to work with diamond drills.

Video: hole in a concrete wall under the baseboard

To drill a hole large diameter(For electrical outlet) use a ring nozzle.

When drilling brick, choose carbide drills with pobedit tip. Drill at high speeds in impact mode. It is important that no electrical wiring runs inside the masonry. The drilling site is marked with a center punch, and the tip of the drill is placed in the hole. Drill perpendicularly so as not to break the drill. The process requires gentle pressure on the drill and regular cooling of the drill in cold water.

When using a drill in impact mode, safety glasses are required. They will protect your eyes from dust, pieces of concrete and brick.

How to drill metals

The maximum permissible drill diameter when working with steel is 13 mm.

For steel, choose drills marked “for metal”. If the part is small, secure it in a vice. Use a center punch to determine the drilling location and hit it lightly. A small depression is formed, and the end of the drill is placed into it at a right angle. Drill metal with constant pressure. If the metal is hard, drilling is slow. Soft metal is processed at medium speeds.

The drill is removed from the drilled metal without turning off the drill. It is turned off when it completely comes out of the hole.

When working with metal, wear safety glasses and tight-fitting clothing with long sleeves to avoid harm from sparks and prickly metal shavings.

For stainless steel, use drills marked “for stainless steel”. A simple drill immediately overheats during operation, and the viscous metal melts. Used for cooling special compounds based on sulfur and machine oil. The drill is set to minimum speed (100–600). If there is no smooth adjustment, drill gradually: start the tool for 1–2 seconds and immediately turn it off.

Video: how to drill metal correctly

After prolonged operation at low speed, the drill is switched to maximum speed. Let him work for idling 2-3 minutes to cool.

For cast iron, drills “for cast iron” with special sharpening are used. But they are difficult to find, so they choose carbide drills for metal. Cast iron is a hard material, but if handled carelessly, it splits easily. The selected place is cleared. Drilling begins with a small diameter at low speed, constantly cooling the drill with kerosene or water-based solution. Haste and increased pressure will only do harm.

Excessive pressure damages the instrument. It is better to start drilling with small drill diameters or with less pressure on the drill.

For the channel, you need metal drills from 3.5 mm to the required one in increments of 2–3 mm. The holes for the drill are filled with a center punch. Drill with light pressure, starting with a smaller diameter, gradually drilling out the hole. Drills are constantly lubricated with machine oil. Diamond drill bits are easier to use.

How to make a groove in wood

The workpiece is securely secured in a vice or clamp to avoid twisting and prevent accidents. It is strictly forbidden to hold it in your hands.

You can make a clean, smooth, even groove only with a milling cutter. In the absence of a milling machine, craftsmen attach a cutter from a router with a shank with a diameter of 8 mm into a drill. The spindle speed of the drill is not enough for serious machining. This option is only suitable for rough work.

An attachment for drilling wood will help you make gutters and channels. The six-edge serrated drill drills into high speed. The wood does not split, the surface remains smooth. Drilling takes place in three directions and is successful where simple drills fail.

For small rough grooves, a special drill bit with longitudinal cutting edges and transverse cuts is used.

Video: drill bit in action

DIY method

They are used when there are no cutters or such a drill.

Markings are made on the workpiece and a furrow is simply drilled, controlling the depth. If the drill is electronically controlled, start at low speeds. When this function is not available, special wood drills are used. They are spiral, made of high strength steel and have a point for centering. The tip of the drill is fixed in the wood and the maximum speed is turned on.

Jumpers remain between the holes, which are then removed with a chisel and cleaned with sandpaper.

For holes with a diameter of 10–32 mm, ring drills are used.

How to drill tiles

Sometimes you need a hole in a tiled wall. Tiles, tiles and other materials that crack should not be drill in impact mode. If the hole is small, use a drill for glass and tiles to drill ceramic tiles all the way. Then insert a concrete drill and continue working in hammer drill mode. For a large hole, drill the tile with a diamond-coated core drill, then continue working on the concrete.

Why are sparks in a drill dangerous?

An electric drill, like any other power tool, requires systematic maintenance. Spare parts wear out during operation and the lubricant dries out.

Drill brushes require regular replacement. One of the manifestations of the problem is that at normal network voltage the electric motor does not work. A bright signal is the formation of a circular fire on the collector. The spectacle is beautiful, but dangerous. In order not to ruin the anchor of the drill, they are changed. It is advisable to buy original ones, not Chinese ones. With them the tool will last much longer.

Please note: brushes are not universal. If you don't know what size you need, take an old one with you as a sample.

The design of the drill allows you to replace the brushes yourself. There are models in which there are installation windows for brushes on the body. Replacement is simple:

1. The plugs are unscrewed from the installation windows.
2. Remove worn brushes.
3. New brushes are installed.
4. Screw in the plugs.

Other models require minimal disassembly of the drill:

1. Remove all screws on the housing. Remove the cover. It is more convenient to leave the screws in their “native” places.
2. Take out the brush holders and remove the worn brushes from them.
3. Insert new brushes, pushing the spring firmly into place.
4. Insert the brush holders into place, tighten the electrical contact of the supply wire well.
5. Close the housing cover and tighten the screws.

Video: how to replace brushes

Nozzles: saving effort and money

If we make a rating of power tools for which manufacturers produce additional attachments and accessories, the electric drill is the leader. The drilling tool turns into a multifunctional machine for repair work. She saws, cuts, mills, grinds and does much more. In terms of performance, it will not fully replace every tool, but it solves short-term tasks for a home craftsman.

To operate, the shank of the attachment is clamped in the drill chuck, like a simple drill, and the drilling mode is set.

Sanding and polishing

For grinding, use an attachment for wheels with Velcro, where abrasive wheels of different grain sizes are attached. Metal and wood are polished with cups or discs. In hard-to-reach places, use a fan nozzle.

A file attachment is a pin that is attached at one end to a chuck. On the other it has a solder in the form of a cone, bullet or ball. They are called rollers. The holes are bored and polished using a nozzle. For rough grinding and deburring, rasp attachments are used.

The drill becomes an electric sharpener with special attachments. The sharpening angle is adjustable, you can sharpen anything: drills, chisels, disc blades.

Properly sharpened drills provide quality drilling, are less likely to jam, and preserve the tool.

Polishing attachments: soft felt, special for cars, polishing leather ends and others. To work with rotation in any direction, select a speed of 1000 revolutions.

Scissor attachment for drill “Cricket”

With this attachment, the drill becomes a nibbler for thin sheet metal, corrugated sheets and plastic. The shank is attached to the drill chuck. It has two cutting heads that are set at the desired degree. At a rotation speed of 3000 rpm it produces a burr-free cut. You can sharply change the direction of the cut to make shaped parts.

Video: Cricket attachment in action

Attachments that make it easier

Corner. Works in hard-to-reach places as a drill and a screwdriver.

Drywall cutters. Used when installing sockets and distribution boxes.

Flexible shaft. One side is attached to the drill chuck, and the drill chuck is on the other end. Drills where a drill cannot cope without such an attachment.

How else to use a drill

Like a drill press

A well-equipped home workshop must include a stand for an electric drill. Only using this guide attachment, they make complex work. For example, a hole is drilled with extreme precision, down to tenths of a millimeter. Drill stand with attached drill turns into drilling machine.

Necessary when working with hard materials that are difficult to process. Without a strict direction, the drill does not plunge into depth, but only scratches such a surface.

A stand with a rotation of the working head or clamping device by 90 0 or 360 0 is preferable.

If the movable tripods are firmly fixed on the work table, they drill both perpendicularly and at the desired angle to the surface of the workpiece. In addition, tripods keep the drill from moving to the side. The set screws will help you accurately maintain the specified drilling depth.

The drill is clamped into the stand - a compact home drilling machine with a smooth feed is ready for work. Manufacturers allow the use of only tools marked “professional”.

Video: homemade stand for electric drill

If you attach a milling machine with an overhead spindle to a stand, you will get a home milling machine.

Like a screwdriver

A drill easily replaces a screwdriver. To work with screws, screws, or remove jammed attachments, turn on the reverse stroke. Screws and bolts are tightened at low speed.

Be careful, the drill may slip when tightening long screws.

The directions of rotation are switched using the reverse lever after stopping the drill.

Drill as a mixer

Manufacturers produce mixer attachments for drills that mix liquid and powdery materials from the bottom up. The drill will handle a volume of no more than 10 liters. It is better not to practice this regime for a long time. Not suitable for heavy concrete mixtures.

It is better to use special drill mixers. Their design includes additional handles. The intended purpose is precisely mixing mixtures. It comes with attachments and works for a long time without overheating. Like a drill, it only supports drilling mode. The price of such units is much higher.

Drill: Unexpected Use

An electric drill is bought for drilling. Then they discover new wonderful application ideas.

• Cut steel cable, copper and aluminum cable with a sector nozzle.
• Remove dust by connecting the dust extraction attachment to the vacuum cleaner.
• Cut threads in blind holes without fear of breaking the tap, using minimal torque.
• Calibrate PP-R pipes calibrator attachment.
• Pump and pump out liquids using a pump attachment.
• Pluck the bird. The soft striking fingers of the attachment do not damage the skin.
• Cream the honey using a stainless steel attachment similar to a mixer.

Video: interesting homemade products for electric drills

Proper handling prolongs life

In order for a home electric station wagon to help for many years, a number of rules must be followed.

• Do not allow mechanical damage (impacts, falls).
• Constant overload mode is dangerous. When the light is on, the power tool is operating at its maximum capacity.
• Avoid prolonged continuous work. A non-professional instrument needs frequent rest. The temperature of the body is periodically checked: if you cannot hold your palm on it, the drill is turned off. They recommend 15 minutes of work, then a break until the temperature of the drill matches the ambient temperature. The total operating time per day is 4 - 5 hours, the switching on and rest intervals are approximately the same.
• Do not use in rain or snow, or in very dusty rooms.
• Rooms with an aggressive or explosive environment can have a dangerous impact on drill parts. The power tool generates sparks and may ignite dust or fumes.
• Work with caution in the area of ​​electrical wiring.
• The drill is turned on and off at idle speed.
• The drill is not released from your hands until the rotation of the chuck has completely stopped, so as not to lose control over it.
• After work, clean the dirt and dust in the ventilation holes on the motor housing.
• During long breaks in operation, the chuck and spindle are covered with a layer of preservative lubricant (technical petroleum jelly).

How do drills usually differ from each other? Power, modes, speed and dialing additional functions. They are different: miniature and large, battery-powered and powered, made of cheap plastic and with fancy anti-slip inserts. But each of them is a queen in the kingdom of home power tools.