To perform external and interior walls can be used at home different materials. They all differ in technical and performance characteristics. Since the choice of material for the walls determines not only the strength and durability of the home, but also the degree of its sound and heat insulation, ease of finishing and the cost of maintaining the house, it is very important to know which materials are best to build a house from. It’s worth noting right away that there is no universal material for mounting walls that can definitely be called the best. Each of them has pros and cons and they are good in certain conditions for buildings of different price ranges and purposes. Our article will help you choose the best one building material for your home.

Factors to consider

Since the cost of arranging the walls of a house takes up ¼ of all construction costs, it is very important to correctly decide where it is better to build a house. If you choose the wrong material for building a house, you may end up with serious expenses in the future. That is why, when deciding which material to choose for construction, it is worth considering the following factors:

1. Price aspect. The costs of installing walls can be reduced if you use lightweight building materials. By choosing such products, you reduce the weight of the entire house, so you can build a lightweight foundation.
2. Thermal insulation properties. Heating a building with cold walls will be too expensive. That is why, having decided to build country house, it is worth performing a calculation of the wall structure taking into account local climatic conditions. In some cases, a good thermal insulation effect can be obtained by using insulation, but this entails additional costs. If you make a country house from a material with good thermal insulation qualities, you can do without additional insulation.
3. A house built from small wall materials (bricks) will cost more and will take longer to build. Masonry from large blocks is faster (3-4 times) and will cost less. The fastest way to build a house is using frame-panel technology.
4. When deciding what is the best way to build a house, it is worth taking into account the costs of finishing the walls. Modern materials make it possible to obtain a beautiful smooth wall surface that does not require additional finishing. You can save a lot of money on this.

Material selection

• Traditional brick most often used for home. Moreover, the entire brick can be divided into individual species: silicate, ceramic, ordinary and facing.
• In Europe they believe that best material for building a house - this is a ceramic block. This material has also appeared on our market, but they do not build from it so often.
• The warmest house made of gas blocks. This modern material appreciated by private developers.
• A house built from wood is still popular today. In many regions of our country, when deciding where to build a house, owners choose wood.

Let's consider the features, advantages and disadvantages of each material.

Brick

If you ask what material is best to build a house from, many people will answer that it is brick. This traditional building material is divided into two types:

• Ceramic brick red, made from red baked clay. This is a very durable environmentally friendly material that is not afraid of frost and moisture. Ceramic bricks are divided into hollow and solid. The thermal insulation characteristics of hollow products are higher.
• White sand-lime brick made from a mixture of sand, lime and special additives. It can also be hollow or solid. The thermal insulation characteristics of a silicate product are lower than those of its ceramic counterpart, but its sound insulation properties are higher.

The cheapest way to lay walls is to use ordinary bricks. Externally, such products do not look very good, since they may have chips, cracks and small irregularities, but this does not affect the strength of the elements. But exterior finishing walls are best made from facing bricks. Facial products have flawless appearance, correct geometric shape, there are no defects or cracks on the surface. Exists large selection colors and surface textures of facing bricks.

Specifications

When choosing what material to build a house from, you should take into account its strength. The strength of a brick is indicated by its grade, which can be in the range of 75-300. The brand characterizes the load that a square centimeter of a product can withstand. The greater the brand and strength of the brick, the higher its specific gravity.

Important: to build a two- or three-story residential building, it is better to use bricks of grade 100 or 125. To lay the base or plinth, you should take more durable products with grade 150 or 175.

It is equally important when choosing a material to take into account its frost resistance. This is the ability of a product to withstand alternating cycles of freezing and thawing without reducing strength by no more than 20% and obtaining visible defects. The frost resistance of bricks is indicated by the letter F and can be in the range of 15-100 cycles. For the construction of houses in warm regions, you can use products with a frost resistance of 15; for cold regions, brick F 25 is suitable. For cladding, it is better to use products with a frost resistance of 50.

Pros and cons

Thanks to the following advantages, you can choose brick:

1. The material has an attractive appearance.
2. The durability of the structure is an additional plus in its favor.
3. This material is suitable for the implementation of the most complex architectural projects.
4. Brick is not susceptible to damage by mold, fungi, or insects. It is not subject to corrosion and does not burn.
5. Brick walls protect the premises well from noise from the street.

The disadvantages of brick include the following:

1. The product has a high specific weight, which makes it difficult to transport and install.
2. Brickwork is done rather slowly due to the small size of the bricks and is relatively expensive.
3. Under brick walls it is necessary to equip a capital buried foundation.
4. Brick retains heat in a room relatively well, but in most cases the walls need to be additionally insulated.

Ceramic block

The choice of material for building a house in Europe often falls on ceramic block. These products are made from a mixture of clay and sawdust and are fired in a kiln. After combustion of sawdust, isolated voids are formed, which increase thermal insulation properties material. The dimensions of the ceramic block make it possible to speed up the pace of construction, and a house built from this material will last for a century and a half. In addition, blocks can be used to build multi-storey buildings. There are grooves and ridges on the side surface of the blocks for hermetically sealed joining of elements without mortar. Inside, each block has voids that reduce its thermal conductivity.

Specifications

The height of the ceramic block is designed so that it can easily fit with brickwork, therefore, construction from this material can be carried out according to standard project, designed for brick. The remaining sizes of ceramic blocks may be different, but in any case their weight is much less than that of brick. For example: one block measuring 500x238x248 mm weighs only 25 kg. It is equal to a masonry of 15 bricks, each weighing 3.3 kg (15x3.3 = 49.5 kg). In addition, laying one block is faster and easier, and much less mortar is needed.

Dimensions of ceramic blocks:

• long side with lock – from 250 to 510 mm;
• The width is 230 mm, 240 mm, 250 mm.

To perform masonry load-bearing walls a block with a long side of at least 300 mm is used. In this case, a wall with a thickness of 380 mm or more made of ceramic block does not need to be insulated. The thermal conductivity of a ceramic block can be in the range of 0.14-0.29. Thick blocks with a long side in the range of 380-500 mm have a strength grade of at least 100. If you need to make thinner walls with high strength, then you can take a block with a grade of 150.

Advantages and Disadvantages

If you are deciding what is the best way to build a house, then you should pay attention to the ceramic block, which has many advantages:

1. Since one element has low weight and sufficiently high strength with significant dimensions, even a multi-story building can be erected from this material in a short time.
2. Vertical seams with grooves are joined without mortar, so when doing masonry there is a noticeable saving cement mortar compared to traditional brickwork.
3. The high degree of frost resistance significantly expands the scope of use of this material.
4. Good fire resistance - the block can resist burning for 4 hours.
5. The porous structure contributes to the high heat and sound insulation characteristics of the material.
6. Walls made of ceramic blocks create a comfortable indoor microclimate for humans.
7. The thermal insulation qualities of the house do not decrease throughout its entire service life, which can reach up to 150 years.

Despite such a large list of advantages, ceramic blocks also have their disadvantages:

1. Since this material is relatively new in our country, it is quite difficult to find a specialist who can perform high-quality masonry.
2. These products themselves are quite fragile, so they must be handled very carefully during storage and transportation.

Aerated concrete

If you are looking for materials for the construction of a private house that retain heat well in the house, then aerated concrete is exactly what you need. A wall 30-40 cm thick made of aerated blocks does not need insulation. In addition, the material resists rot, humidity and temperature fluctuations in the room. It is quite durable.

The block is easily cut with a hacksaw and installed without the use of special equipment. Thanks to flat surface block walls do not need to be leveled before finishing. The significant size of the material and its lightness significantly speed up the construction process.

Specifications

• The density of aerated concrete is in the range of 350-1200 kg/m³.
• Weight of one block standard sizes(60x25x20 cm) – 18 kg.
• For the construction of walls, products of brands from D 500 to D are suitable

Pros and cons

Advantages of gas blocks:

1. The laying speed is 9 times higher than that of brick.
2. Smooth surface of walls that do not need leveling.
3. Good compressive strength.
4. Low thermal conductivity.
5. Fire resistance.
6. High frost resistance and good vapor permeability.

Disadvantages of aerated concrete:

1. Low bending strength.
2. The material is susceptible to cracking.
3. The products are hygroscopic, so they must be well protected from moisture.

Wood

Since ancient times wooden houses people associated them with comfort and coziness. And this is no coincidence, because in wooden house a special microclimate that is optimal for people is created. This house is comfortable in summer and winter. You will spend on heating a wooden house less funds than a brick house.

Important: for construction wooden house You can use laminated veneer lumber or logs.

Advantages of wood:

1. Environmentally friendly material.
2. Price wooden structure lower than that of a brick building.
3. The thermal conductivity of wood walls is lower than that of brick.
4. A house made of timber does not require external or internal finishing.
5. You can build a lightweight, inexpensive foundation.
6. Impressive service life.

Flaws:

1. Susceptibility to rot, damage by insects and flammability of the material.
2. Long-term shrinkage.
3. Possibility of cracking.

In this article we will look at which materials for building a house are better for various purposes.

Today, many people dream of big, beautiful and cozy home. But before you make a decision and start building a building, you need to think carefully about the purpose for which you plan to build the house. One format is suitable for seasonal construction, the second - for permanent residence. After planning, you should think about the material, because from quality material depends on safety and convenience.

On modern market presented various materials, having certain properties. Usually the most important selection criteria are:

• strength, reliability of raw materials;
• possibility of noise isolation;
• heat preservation, insulation;
• frost resistance;
• moisture impermeability.

Of course, before construction you should take into account all the parameters indicated above, especially if the building is individual. But still, the most important point is strength, as it shapes the structure of the building and affects its functionality.

Materials for construction are divided into several categories:

• stone and brick;
• ceramic;
• concrete;
• wooden (from logs and timber).

Buildings made of stone and brick

Structures made of stone and brick are distinguished by their massiveness. They are not afraid of the elements, and at the same time, they have a stylish appearance. However, these durable materials are expensive.

The characteristics of a house built of stone or brick are not inferior to concrete.

Brick and stone structures suitable for little ones country houses, and for multi-storey buildings. Their main advantages are resistance to fire, moisture, and such a building will not settle over time.

The disadvantage of brick and stone houses is low energy conservation. In order to build warm housing from this material, it is necessary to lay walls 120 cm thick. Therefore, today brick and stone houses lose their popularity, and the raw materials are used for cladding.

One more significant drawback is considerable price for the material. Those who want to build themselves a stone or brick house must calculate their finances and plan everything in advance before implementing the plan.

Ceramic structures (ceramic blocks)

Brick and ceramics are made using the same technology from clay. The difference is the savings on the construction of the building, because ceramic blocks are larger in size, fewer of them are needed, and besides, the protrusions at the ends suggest connecting the blocks together without a mixture. It is needed only to fix the horizontal rows together.

Concrete materials

Today, brick is no longer as popular as it used to be; it has given way to the modern concrete block.

The advantages of this material are its affordable cost and speed of construction. One concrete block can replace several bricks. You can build a house from aerated concrete, foam block, cinder block, shell rock, wood concrete, expanded clay concrete. They are all similar in characteristics, most subspecies practically do not need complex finishing, but the disadvantage is that concrete materials fragile, have high water permeability, and the material contains chemical elements.

Wooden houses

Wooden houses are built from logs and beams. They place a low load on the foundation, as a result of which it will not settle over time; moreover, this is a good saving at the initial stage of construction. An important advantage is that using wooden materials, you can build a house regardless of weather conditions or time of year.

Buildings made of timber are a profitable option for those who want to become the owner of a neat individual building. Its cross-section is both rectangular and square, with a smooth, even side. In such houses, shrinkage is minimized as much as possible, and the production of log houses occurs without the use of special equipment. Wood is aesthetically pleasing and does not require finishing, making it an economical option.

Positive aspects of using wooden beams:

• environmentally friendly material;
• quick construction;
• good sound insulation, thermal conductivity;
• design safety;
• installation regardless of weather conditions and temperature;
• does without an expensive foundation and finishing;
• pleasant smell of wood.

Disadvantages of timber houses:

• requires additional processing from insects, prevention from rot and cracks;
• ignites easily, fire extinguishing agents must be used;
• long-term idleness of the foundation;
• It allows cold and water to pass through well, so heat costs are inevitable.

Log buildings are traditional, well studied and quite attractive. Can be lined up small house or a huge, comfortable cottage. Such structures are natural and environmentally friendly, and also cope well with natural ventilation of the space. Just like timber buildings, log structures do not need a massive foundation.

Pros of log houses:

• natural raw materials;
• strong, safe and beautiful design;
• warms up quickly, reducing heating costs;
• available material;
• short terms construction.

Disadvantages of log houses:

• tendency to rot, insect attacks;
• easy tanning in a matter of seconds;
• the foundation should settle for about a year;
• The structure warms up quickly, but does not retain heat; it needs to be insulated.

What is the best material to build a house for permanent residence (permanent residence) from?

A classic for country house building is brick made from baked clay and has good wear resistance, strength, and durability. The material is considered environmentally friendly, is not afraid of high and low temperatures, resistant to any weather conditions. They are massive, but require insulation.

There are several times more positive aspects in such material than negative ones, which is why a brick house is considered the most a good option for permanent residence. Fire is not so scary for it, and it will last much longer than concrete and, especially, wood.

What materials are suitable for a summer house in the country?

Traditionally, summer country houses built from wood. Log buildings or houses made of laminated veneer lumber– any of these options will be successful for a comfortable summer. Such constructions are environmentally friendly and safe, the rooms are well ventilated, and also have a pleasant smell.

Wooden cottages, which can easily be built according to individual order. Such a house needs treatment and care, but its accessibility, reliability and comfort are important advantages when choosing summer house for the dacha.

What is better to build a house from in the Urals or in Siberia?

Such cold corners of Russia as Siberia or the Urals need warm houses. It is important to choose a material that will warm up quickly and not lose heat. Of course, in such regions the house will still have to be well insulated, but if initially the raw materials are already “warm”, the owner of the building will save on cladding. Ideal option there will be a building made of concrete, namely with cells.

Initially, porous concrete was used for insulation, and a little later, entire houses began to be built from it, which were distinguished by excellent heat retention. In addition, it will take a little time to construct a fire-resistant building. After construction, for more insulation, the house should be plastered and covered with panels.

What is suitable for warm corners of Russia (a house by the sea)?

A house by the sea is the dream of many romantics. Mainly such buildings are made of stone. High humidity coastline will quickly destroy a wooden structure. Still suitable ceramic blocks , which are also not afraid of water.

There is no need to build a house right on the beach, because it will take a lot of money to build a foundation for a house on the sand, very close to the coastline. Better start construction work at least 200 meters from the beach. In addition, thunderstorms are a common occurrence near the sea. A wise decision would be to get a lightning rod and exclude large number metal structures under construction.

What materials are cheaper to build a house from?

Nowadays, many people want to run away from the city and build own house, but there may not be enough money for a massive structure. The current great financial difficulties do not leave room for great flights of fancy, so you have to choose from cheap materials, taking into account that the house must be reliable and safe.

The cheapest houses are made from concrete and wood. Aerated concrete is fireproof, does not rot, it needs a simple foundation, it is also warm and requires easy processing. But when laying the material, it is necessary to adhere to a certain technology. While wooden houses are easy to build without certain nuances, they are susceptible to rotting, catching fire, and the foundation must last for about a year.

The choice between these two cheapest materials depends specifically on the future owner of the house.

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The external walls of a private house must be:

1. Strong and durable
2. Warm and energy saving
3. Quiet
4. Harmless to humans
5. Beautiful

Which house walls are stronger?

Loads act on the wall of a house in several directions. Active forces tend to compress, move sideways and rotate the wall.

Compressive loads- these are vertical forces from the weight of the wall and the underlying structures of the house. These forces tend to crush and flatten the wall material.

Low-rise private houses are relatively light in weight. Wall materials, as a rule, have a fairly large margin of compressive strength, which allows them withstand vertical loads of a private house even with.

Horizontal loads and torques act as a result, for example, of lateral wind pressure on a house or soil pressure on a basement wall, due to the ceiling resting on the edge of the wall, due to the deviation of the walls from the vertical and other reasons. These forces tend to move the wall or part of the wall from its position.

The general rule for walls is the thinner the wall, the worse it is it withstands lateral loads and turning moments. If the wall cannot withstand the specified loads, then it bends, cracks or even breaks.

It is the small margin of stability to displacement that is weak point in ensuring the strength of the walls of a private house. The magnitude of the compressive strength of most wall materials allows you to do enough for a private home thin wall, but it is necessary to ensure the stability of the walls against displacement, often forces designers to increase the thickness of walls.

The resistance of walls to lateral loads is significantly influenced by the design of the walls and the house as a whole. For example, reinforcement of masonry, installation of a monolithic belt on the walls at the level of floors, strong connections of external and internal walls with each other, as well as with ceilings and foundations, create the strength frame of a building that holds the walls together and resists the displacement deformations of the walls.

In order to ensure the necessary strength and durability of a private home with reasonable costs for construction, it is necessary to choose the right material and design of the walls, as well as the design of the power house frame, It is best to entrust this choice to specialists - designers.

Projects of private houses with walls made of masonry materials are available for sale. with a masonry thickness of only 180 - 250 mm. . Thickness can be 100 - 200 mm.

The walls of the house are warm and energy-saving - what's the difference?

In order for a person in the house to feel thermal comfort, Three conditions must be met:

The first condition is the air temperature in the room should be about +22 o C. To fulfill this condition, it is enough to install a boiler or stove in the house required power and drown them.

The surface temperature of the external walls in the house is always lower than the air temperature in the room. According to sanitary requirements -hygienic rules, temperature difference between air and surface outer wall there should be no more than 4 in the house o C - this is the second condition.

At the specified temperature difference, the surface of the outer wall in the house will be quite warm (+18 o C). There will be no “cold breath” from the wall; condensation or frost will not appear on the surface of the wall.

There will be thermal comfort in the house if the difference in air temperature in the room and on the surface of the outer wall is no more than d t<4 о C. Обе стены на рисунке не соответствуют этим требованиям при температуре наружного воздуха t н =-26 о С и ниже.

To fulfill the second condition, the outer wall of the house must have certain thermal properties. The heat transfer resistance of the outer wall must be higher than the calculated value, m 2 * o C/W. For example, for the Sochi region this value should be more than 0.66, for Moscow - 1.38, and for Yakutsk at least - 2.13.

For example, an external wall made of autoclaved aerated concrete (gas silicate) will be warm and provide thermal comfort in the house, with a thickness in Sochi - 90 mm, in Moscow - 210 mm., and in Yakutsk - 300 mm.

Third condition- the enclosing structures of the house must have. If the “clothes” of the house are blown by the wind, then there will be no heat, no matter how thick the insulation is. Everyone knows this from their own experience.

External walls with the above parameters will be warm and will provide thermal comfort in the house, but they will not be energy efficient. Heat losses through the walls will significantly exceed the building standards in force in Russia.

In order to comply with energy conservation regulations, The heat transfer resistance of external walls should be several times higher. For example, for the Sochi region - no less than 1.74 m 2 * o C/W, for Moscow - 3.13 m 2 * o C/W, and for Yakutsk - 5.04 m 2 * o C/W.

Thickness of energy-saving walls from autoclaved aerated concrete (gas silicate) there will also be more: for the Sochi region - 270 mm., for the Moscow region - 510 mm. for Yakutia - 730 mm.

Aerated concrete (gas silicate) is the warmest material for masonry walls. The thickness of energy-saving walls made of more thermally conductive materials (brick, concrete blocks) should be even greater. (The figure above shows the heat transfer resistance of a brick wall with a thickness of 2.5 bricks (640 mm.) = 0.79 and one brick (250 mm) = 0,31 m2* o C/W. Compare with the values ​​​​given in the examples and evaluate in which regions such walls will provide thermal comfort?)

Wooden walls made of timber or logs also do not meet energy saving requirements.

It should be noted that to comply with the requirements of building regulations for the heat transfer resistance of walls and other enclosing structures of the house not necessary for a private developer.

It is more important for the home owner to reduce overall heating costs.

It can be beneficial to sacrifice the energy-saving properties of walls, but increase the heat-saving parameters of ceilings, windows, and ventilation systems in order to meet the energy consumption standards for heating.

Heat loss through walls accounts for only 20 - 30% of the total heat loss in the house.

We must not forget about one more condition of an energy-saving house. The house must have a minimum- walls, ceilings, windows.

Which is better to make walls - single-layer or two-layer?

From the above data it is clear that wall materials allow you to build strong, thin and fairly cheap walls private house. But such walls will not provide thermal comfort in the house or have the required energy-saving properties.

Technologies for constructing walls of a private house are developing in two main directions:

1. Relatively thin and durable walls are insulated with highly effective insulation. The wall consists of two layers- a load-bearing layer that absorbs mechanical loads, and an insulation layer.
2. For the construction of single-layer walls, materials are used that combine a sufficiently high resistance to both mechanical stress and heat transfer. The construction of single-layer walls made of cellular concrete (autoclaved aerated concrete, gas silicate) or porous ceramics is popular.

It should be noted that wall materials for single-layer walls have mediocre both mechanical and thermal properties. We have to improve them with various design tweaks.

A combination of these two technologies is also used when walls made of cellular and porous materials provide additional insulation layer of highly effective insulation. This combination allows make wall masonry and a thin layer of insulation. This can be beneficial for structural reasons, especially when building a house in a cold climate.

Single-layer walls of a private house

Not so long ago, almost all private houses were built with single-layer walls. The thickness of the walls of the house was chosen based on the conditions for ensuring thermal comfort and thought little about energy conservation.

Currently, for the construction of single-layer walls, materials with sufficiently high thermal insulation properties are used, to make the house energy efficient.

What is the best material to make a single-layer wall of a house from?

All materials for single-layer walls have a porous structure and a low density of 300 - 600 kg/m 3. As the density decreases, the heat-saving properties improve, but the mechanical strength of materials decreases.

There are several types of cellular concrete, which differ in the way they create pores (cells). The best properties for the construction of single-layer external walls of a house have density (grade) 300-500 kg/m3.

Aerated concrete blocks can have precise dimensions, which allows them to be laid on glue with a seam thickness of 2 mm. The ends of the blocks often have a tongue-and-groove profile and are joined without mortar in a vertical seam.

Aerated concrete has an open porous structure and therefore absorbs moisture well, but also dissolves easily.

Porous ceramics It is made from raw materials and in a way that is similar to the production of ordinary ceramic bricks. The difference is that components are added to the clay-based mass, which form pores when fired.

Hollow blocks are made from porous ceramics. The hollowness further enhances the heat-saving properties of block walls.

The thickness of the masonry of single-layer walls made of porous ceramic blocks is 38 - 50 cm. Porous ceramic blocks are laid using a special heat-saving mortar with a seam thickness of 10-15 mm.

As a rule, the exterior decoration of single-layer walls is. Cladding slabs made of natural stone or artificial products can be glued to the walls. Finishing using the ventilated facade method (cladding over lathing) is used very rarely.

Plastering of walls made of porous ceramics or expanded clay concrete from the outside is carried out with a traditional plaster composition with a thickness of about 2 cm. In addition to plastering, it can be done in other ways (see link).

The inside of the walls is plastered or...

It is faster to build a house with single-layer walls. In a new house with single-layer walls you can start living without waiting for the facade to be finished. This work can be left for later.

Walls with insulation - two-layer and three-layer

For installing a wall with insulation Almost any masonry material can be used— ceramic and silicate bricks, blocks made of cellular and lightweight concrete, as well as porous ceramics.

The load-bearing layer of a two-layer wall can also be make from monolithic concrete or wood- timber, logs. The choice of material is much more varied compared to single-layer walls.

For the construction of walls with insulation materials with higher mechanical strength and density are used than for single-layer walls. This circumstance makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the masonry of double-layer walls.

Wall masonry thickness from 180 mm. - depends on the properties of the materials used, on the design of the walls and frame of the house.

Walls are most often laid using ordinary masonry mortar, filling horizontal and vertical joints with mortar. The work is simpler and does not require any special qualifications from masons.

The mechanical strength of the wall material is, as a rule, sufficient for problem-free fastening of various structures to walls.

The thermal insulation properties of a wall depend mainly on the thermal conductivity and thickness of the insulation layer.

A layer of thermal insulation is placed outside ( double layer wall) or inside the wall, closer to the outer surface ( three-layer wall).

As thermal insulation, slabs of mineral wool or polymers - polystyrene foam, extruded polystyrene foam - are most often used. Less commonly used thermal insulation slabs made of cellular concrete and foam glass, although they have a number of advantages.

Mineral wool slabs for wall insulation must have a density of at least 60-80 kg/m3. If used for finishing the facade, then use mineral wool slabs with a density of 125-180 kg/m 3 or slabs of extruded polystyrene foam.

Mineral wool insulation is plastered with a vapor-permeable composition - mineral or silicate plaster.

Insulating a façade with mineral wool usually costs more and it is more difficult to work with. But a layer of wool insulation allows moisture to escape from the wall to the outside.

A continuous layer of thermal insulation on the outside allows block all cold bridges in double-layer walls without the use of special constructive tricks that have to be done in single-layer walls.

General thickness of two-layer walls (with plaster from 35 cm.) usually turns out less than a single-layer wall.

The width of the foundation walls (basement) is also smaller, which allows save on their construction. This advantage does not apply to three-layer walls. The width of three-layer walls and their foundations is usually no less than that of single-layer ones.

Exterior finishing of double-layer walls is carried out thin-layer plaster over insulation. Insulation boards, preferably made of extruded polystyrene foam, are glued to the wall. The thickness of the insulation layer is not recommended to be more than 150 mm. A layer of plaster 5-7 thick is applied to the insulation mm.

Wall surface with thin layer plaster more sensitive to point mechanical influences than a single-layer wall with traditional plaster.

For double-layer walls often use ventilated cladding on the frame. In a ventilated façade, mineral wool insulation slabs are placed between the frame posts. The frame is covered with cladding made of vinyl or plinth siding, wooden materials, or various slabs.

Attaching insulation to the walls, installing a ventilated facade - all this work consists of many stages and operations and requires skill, accuracy and responsibility from the performers. A variety of materials are used for work.

When constructing double-layer walls in There is a great risk that employees will do something wrong.

In three-layer walls a layer of highly effective insulation is placed inside the masonry or wall monolith. Three-layer walls also include walls with an insulation layer facing with brick or other masonry materials.

For the construction of three-layer walls, single-row masonry made of (insulated walls, silica granite, polyblock) is also used. Thermal blocks have three layers of concrete-insulation-concrete bonded together.

Mineral insulation - low-density cellular concrete

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This article will be useful to those who are looking for the cheapest materials for building a house with their own hands. With the emergence of new technologies on the market, owners of summer cottages have a real opportunity to install cheap houses with very good performance characteristics suitable for permanent residence.

Nowadays, there are plenty of methods for building economical and reliable housing.

We invite you to take a closer look at inexpensive materials used for building houses.

When deciding where the walls of the housing, its floors and roof will be erected, it is necessary to concentrate on the relevant features.

Place of residence. Climate. In areas with a cool climate, it is preferable to use materials that retain heat well in building a house.

In the southern regions, the choice is much wider, which means it is possible to use completely different innovative materials at an affordable price.

Features of the materials used. Of course, houses made of SIP panels either cost less than those made of timber or brick.

Regional market. In wooded areas, the most inexpensive material for a house is wood, in steppe areas - concrete.

Material Cost Analysis

Take a closer look at which one is suitable for building a house. Very economical and comfortable housing can be built using materials such as those described below.

timber

Result: approximately 2000 rubles per 1 sq. m, excluding work. It is important to remember that building a house from aerated blocks requires a lot of labor, so we take into account the payment of specialists, which is around 1300-1600 rubles.

Tree

House from wooden beam will cost:

• timber 200x200x6000 mm – 0.8 pcs. – 1416 rub.;
• mortar for plastering walls – 70 rubles.
• insulation (vapor barrier or mineral wool) - 0.1 cubic meters. m – 400 rub.;

Result: 1900 rubles, plus wages for workers 1700-1800 rubles.

Good for building small housing intended for holidays with family or friends, but not for permanent residence.

Calculation of materials for a frame house

• timber - 0.05 cubic meters. m – 375 rub.;
• softboard – 230 rub.
• insulation, vapor barrier, waterproofing – 270 rubles;

Result: 875 rubles, plus wages for the construction crew of 1500-1700 rubles.

Conclusion

Having collected all the information about cheap materials for the home with your own hands together, we draw final conclusions based on the cost.

Houses made of timber are the most expensive type of housing. Frame-type houses can be considered the most acceptable.

But there is one BUT! It's important not to forget. Thicker walls require a well-reinforced foundation. Therefore, the final cost of the houses will be approximately the same.

An individual developer is necessarily faced with the issue of choosing the optimal material for the construction of a residential building. The choice of building materials for walls takes into account climatic features, relief nuances, financial capabilities, etc. There is no single formula for this. All materials for construction have different strengths, require the use of unique construction technology, and do not have the same levels of thermal conductivity.

What determines the choice of material for a home?

The construction of walls accounts for a quarter of all costs of building a house. A careless attitude to the choice of material will entail additional subsequent expenses. Therefore, it is worth considering and considering all the important criteria and factors when choosing the best material for building the walls of a house:

Labor costs. For example, the cost of time and effort is reduced if you build a house from panel blocks, rather than from bricks and other small elements. Modern panel houses can be made several times faster, especially if they are frame structures.

Thermal insulating properties of the material. When choosing a deliberately cold material for walls, the developer will pay a high price in winter for such a reckless step. The owner will also have to deal with insulating the outside walls of the house. When calculating this indicator, current climatic conditions are taken into account.

Price issue. If you give preference to a durable and lightweight version of the wall material, then you can save on the construction of a powerful foundation, which is expensive to build.

Taking into account also the subsequent costs of finishing work. Today there are smooth materials for modern walls that do not require finishing.

A log house is one of the options for walls that do not require finishing

Types of wall materials

The building materials market offers a wide selection of different options for constructing the walls of your home. There are several types of bricks alone: ​​silicate, clinker, ceramic, fireclay. And wood has been one of the most popular and sought-after building materials for many years. The cost of such raw materials depends on the type of wood (pine, oak, birch, cedar) and the type of material (logs, boards, beams). A very popular and more economical option are various types of blocks: foam blocks, ceramic blocks, thermoblocks, lightweight concrete blocks, etc. In Europe, for example, houses are most often built using the frame method, which is very fast and inexpensive. About 70% of the private housing stock in Europe is occupied by frame building construction technology. Builders also note the cost-effectiveness and energy efficiency of SIP panels.

Let's consider the main types of materials:

Log houses and log houses

A log house is an object made from cut trunks of a solid tree. Work such as cutting corners, adjusting joints and grooves is always done manually.

Such houses look presentable, well built and have many advantages:

Architectural version of a log house

The disadvantages of log buildings include:

House made of timber

Glued or profiled timber is a cheaper building material for house walls, which is in great demand today.

Advantages of timber:

In addition, such material is relatively inexpensive.

However, timber:

They say that such a structure can be built alone, with certain knowledge and skills. But its construction scheme is more complex and ornate than, for example, a brick one.

Frame house under construction

All the advantages of frame houses:

The disadvantages of frame structures include:

Resonance of walls and ceilings;

The need to have a competent construction project, which will contain all the drawings and diagrams of fasteners and components.

The disadvantages of such houses can also be attributed to the conservative mentality of our citizens, who look at frame structures with caution, considering them unreliable.

SIP panels

Canada and America have been actively using frame-panel technologies in construction for more than half a century. In our country this method is not yet so popular. A SIP panel is a three-layer building material made from two layers of OSB and internal polystyrene foam insulation.

This is what a SIP panel looks like

Advantages of SIP panels:

In addition, SIP panels are an environmentally friendly building material.

This is what a house built from SIP panels without façade finishing looks like

Its disadvantages include the following aspects (of which, by the way, there are many):

Brick walls

Brick is the most common and most affordable material for building exterior walls of a house. It is usually made from clay and is enhanced with various impurities. All the advantages of brick:

The disadvantages of building materials include:

Expanded clay blocks

Ceramic blocks are made from red clay, just like bricks. But the blocks differ from them in their larger dimensions. This option for constructing walls from ceramic blocks is very similar to the technology for constructing brick houses.

Pros of ceramic blocks: