Production of steel doors: relevance and feasibility of business + methods of organizing production + registration entrepreneurial activity+ manufacturing technology + list of equipment and raw materials + analysis of premises requirements + personnel selection + marketing plan+ capital investments and payback.

Doors, including steel ones, are a product that is unlikely to ever become unclaimed. If some finishing materials or other building materials are in demand with varying success, then doors represent just that component of housing that will always be needed.

That is why the production of steel doors is a promising business idea that can be easily implemented in Russia, although competition in this area is relatively high.

Almost anyone can organize such a business, because making doors is not very difficult from a technological point of view.

In this article we will tell you how steel doors are made, how in demand they are on the Russian market, and how to organize a profitable business yourself.

Will the business of manufacturing Russian-made steel doors be relevant today?

As we have already noted, it is difficult to find a more in-demand item in every home than doors. After all, they protect our monastery both from bad weather and from unscrupulous citizens.

This is especially true front door, which must be made of durable material to allow its owners to sleep soundly and peacefully, without worrying that something might happen to the house.

Today, steel doors are very popular and, despite the fact that there are many of them on the Russian market, such production can become a profitable and competitive business.

Several factors contribute to this:

• Firstly, high demand is the main condition that influences the fact that the door market will never be completely filled.
• Secondly, the production of steel doors is a simple task that requires an average amount of investment, which allows them to be produced at reasonable prices. Namely, affordable price of doors Russian production makes them so competitive among foreign manufacturers.

Of course, there are quite a lot of competitors in this area, because there are large enterprises that produce steel doors, and small, “garage” workshops where doors are produced in small quantities.

But, in any case, you can take a place in this niche. Some “zest” of your enterprise will help you find your consumer and your segment.

It could be:

• An unusual design solution for a steel door is now in trend for a variety of new items and unique interiors.
• Reasonable price - there are a lot of luxury products on the market, but people need more budget options.
• Non-standard shapes and sizes - not only rectangular, but also arched doors are in great demand.

Non-standard forms of steel structures

The main consumers of your business can be several categories of citizens:

• Private developers.
• Tenants in large office centers.
• Construction hypermarkets.
• Owners of apartments in new buildings.

It is also noteworthy that steel doors are in demand throughout Russia, and not in any particular region. Therefore, a business can flourish no matter where its founder lives.

The main condition that must be fulfilled while working in this field is high quality manufactured products, which will show the consumer that Russian-made steel doors at an affordable price are a good alternative to foreign brands.

In what ways can you organize the production of steel doors in Russia?

Steel doors, as a rule, have the same purpose - they are used as an entrance door, to which very high demands are placed.

But, despite their identical purpose, production technology may be different. And the way you will produce steel doors directly depends on the volume in which you want to produce them, and what starting capital you are counting on.

Depending on all the above factors, there are three ways to organize the production of steel doors.

No. 1. Having opened a large enterprise.

Large, large-scale door production enterprises involve the production of 200-500 units per day using a fully automated production line.

Such lines operate almost completely replacing manual labor. All processes are automated, which increases productivity and reduces the number of defective products.

But such equipment is very cumbersome. To install it, you will need up to 2 thousand square meters. m. area. In addition, it is very expensive - it will require 5-7 million rubles. investments.

It is advisable to open such an enterprise only if you have such significant start-up capital and at least a little experience in this field.

Sample automatic line production

No. 2. By organizing a small production.

Small and medium-sized enterprises are much easier to organize. To set up, you will need a smaller area and cheaper equipment that will combine automated processes with manual labor.

On the one hand, this allows you to save on the purchase of equipment, but on the other hand, this means additional costs for paying wages.

In small enterprises, from 10 to 50 steel doors can be produced per day.

No. 3. Having realized a home enterprise.

"Garage" enterprises, despite their presence on the market large manufacturers, are also in demand.

All processes in small enterprises are performed manually using hand tools. This type of production allows you to produce up to 3 doors per day, which can bring a good profit.

To open a mini-factory for the production of doors, more people will be needed, since there will be no automated processes.

Decide which production method you choose based on your financial capabilities and skills, but pay attention to the last two options.

Large enterprises must have very good marketing strategy and, in addition to doors, they need to produce a lot of related products in order to break even.

Therefore, we will analyze small and medium-sized businesses, which are easier to organize and can be done without even having experience in entrepreneurial activity.

How to organize the production of steel doors from a legal point of view?

Making steel doors is not a very science-intensive process. But due to the fact that they must meet certain requirements from a construction point of view, before starting a business you will need to familiarize yourself with a certain list of literature and obtain a construction license (SNiP 11-23-81).

Be sure to pay attention to the following GOSTs:

In addition to obtaining a license, you will also receive legal registration of business activities.

For the production of steel doors, you can register as an individual entrepreneur, but it would be better to choose. It will allow you to cooperate with large construction chains and hypermarkets, and position yourself as a qualified enterprise.

Registering as an LLC is quite simple: you need to come to the Federal Tax Service at the location of the business, submit the relevant documents and indicate the OKVED codes of your future activity.

The following codes must be selected:

As for the package of documents required for registration, it consists of 5 mandatory papers:

• Russian citizen passport.
• LLC Charter.
• The founder’s decision to create an LLC or minutes of the founders’ meeting.
• Application on form P11001.
• Receipt for payment of state duty.

As a taxation system, it would be advisable to use the General Taxation System - OSN.

Steel door manufacturing technology: step-by-step guide

can be done in two main ways – pipe-coal and profile bending. The most popular is the latter, in which bent rolled profiles are used for manufacturing.

The production technology of steel entrance doors using roll forming equipment consists of 7 main stages:

Metal preparation.

The technological process must begin by identifying defects in the metal coating and checking it in relation to the quality of the material.

Cutting blanks.

After the metal sheet is prepared, markings are applied to it, which in the future helps to cut product blanks from it.

Manufacturing and processing of workpieces.

The cut blanks are sent to bending machines, where they are used to form a profile for the door frame. All workpieces must be filed, that is, all irregularities are eliminated to give them a neat appearance.

Also at this stage, using special equipment, holes are formed for the future steel door, where the lock and fittings will be placed.

Welding the door panel.


When all the door parts have already undergone the necessary processing, the assembly and welding stage begins.

Using welding machines (or welding robots in automated lines), all elements are welded to the frame, after which both sides of the door are fastened together. Between them is placed a material that acts as a sound insulator and seal.

Door painting.

Previously assembled doors need to be painted after going through all stages of production. In this case, paint performs not only an aesthetic function, but also a protective one, protecting the metal from environmental influences.

Steel door trim.

To give the door a more attractive appearance and increase its wear resistance, it is customary to sheathe it with various materials, which can be wood, veneer, leather, dermantin, MDF, forged elements.

Installation of accessories and quality control of the finished product.

To avoid loud sound When opening and closing a finished door, shock-absorbing material is glued to its edges, and locks and fittings are embedded.

After all stages, each door undergoes mandatory quality control, which helps to avoid defective products reaching the end consumer.

As a result of passing through all stages of production, we obtain finished steel doors, which in section have the following form:

Equipment for the production of steel doors: devices for a small workshop and a small enterprise

Whatever enterprise you start to organize, you will still need equipment to manufacture products.

If this is a semi-automatic line of devices, then its cost will be in the range of 1.5 - 2 million rubles. If you are planning a very small business, then hand tools will cost an order of magnitude cheaper - up to 500 thousand rubles.

So, for each of the methods you will need the following equipment for the production of steel doors:

Name	Cost (RUB)	Sample
Semi-automatic production line (for a small enterprise)
Metal cutting machine (plasma or laser)	120 000
Press brake	1 500 000
Welding machines (devices)	100 000
Spray gun	20 000
Compressor	2 500
Hand tools (for home business)
Bulgarian	10 000
Mechanical guillotine for metal cutting	140 000
Milling machine	100 000
Lathe	90 000
Hand tools	5 000

To save some money on purchasing equipment, it is rational to buy used devices. But at the same time, there is no need to try to save money by buying low-quality, too worn-out equipment for the production of steel doors, because the quality of the product largely depends on the devices themselves.

To accommodate semi-automatic equipment used for small enterprises, 250-350 square meters will be enough. m. area. For manual and mechanical equipment, you can find a workshop area starting from 100 square meters. m.

It is important that both premises are renovated and prepared for such production. The walls and floor must be fire-resistant, which will protect the enterprise from fire when working with welding machines.

Since it is planned to make frames, and paint, and sheath doors, the premises for production need to be zoned so that some technological processes do not interfere with others.

Select at least 7 separate rooms in your enterprise:

• For raw materials warehouse.
• For a warehouse of finished products.
• For sheet processing and rolling workshop.
• For the assembly and welding shop.
• For the dyeing shop.
• For the finishing shop.
• For the control room.

What raw materials need to be purchased for the production of steel doors?

Raw materials are an important element in organizing the production of steel building structures, the quality of which will determine the quality of the finished product.

The purchase of raw materials for this enterprise will consist of two parts:

• the first is the purchase of material for door frames,
• the second is the acquisition of fittings to equip the steel structure.

Of course, both raw materials must be of very high quality. But the requirements for fittings are very high, since high-quality locks are already 50% of the success of a steel door.

As raw materials for the production of structures you will need the following materials:

• Sheet steel - thickness 2 mm (some manufacturers believe that the thicker the steel, the better the door will be, but this statement is erroneous, since every additional 2 mm adds weight to the structure, and this leads to its rapid wear).
• Mineral wool.
• Electrodes.
• Solvent.
• Primer.
• Dye.

You will also need materials for sheathing. Which ones exactly depends on your choice.

As for accessories, you will definitely need to purchase the following items:

• Castles
• Handles.
• Loops.
• Retainers.
• Valves.
• Latches.
• Eyes.

How many employees does it cost to hire to start working at the enterprise?

The number of employees required to work at the enterprise will depend on what kind of business you are planning - small or medium.

If you want to start with a small amount of work, and plan to use mechanical machines and hand tools, then for the work you will need:

• Technologist performing the duties of a production manager.
• 2 machine operators monitoring the operation of the milling and lathe.
• 2 workers carrying out different processes.
• 2 welders who will be directly involved in welding doors.
• 1 installer who will install the door.

Functions general director, the accountant and manager in small enterprises can be performed by the owner himself.

If you are planning a larger business, that is, medium-sized, it would be better to hire the following specialists:

• Accountant.
• Technologist.
• 2 welders.
• 3 workers.
• Installer
• Marketer.

If desired, the owner can also take care of accounting records, but in larger enterprises it will be better if a specialist does this.

By the way, although the production of steel doors is not a complicated process, it would be a good idea to hire people who have the appropriate education or experience in this field.

Since the equipment is not fully automated, skilled personnel will help reduce waste and increase productivity.

Marketing production plan: to whom and how to sell steel doors?

In order for a business to start making a profit as soon as possible, you need to take care of establishing distribution channels and advertising.

We figured out who your consumers will be at the beginning. These can be private individuals, tenants, and construction stores.

To ensure that as many potential buyers as possible know about you, use the following:

• Develop your own website to serve as your showroom and online store. To make your website colorful and functional, it is better to entrust its creation to experienced programmers and web designers.
• Order printed materials (business cards, booklets). Leave them in large retail networks, distribute to passers-by.
• Let's advertise in newspapers, magazines, TV and radio.
• Cooperate with large construction hypermarkets, selling your products from them.
• Use email newsletters to potential consumers.

In order to stand out among other manufacturers, do not forget to think through the advantages of your company and tell all customers about them.

Quality and reliability should be your calling card; this is the only way you can gain clients and reputation.

Production of metal entrance doors.

What technology is used? Manufacturing stages.

How much will you have to spend on organizing the production of steel doors?

Since we analyzed both small and medium-sized businesses, we will calculate the amount in this area for both options.

Expenses	Amount (rub.)
Total:	1,100,000 rubles	2,600,000 rubles
	Small business	Medium enterprise
1. LLC registration	18 000
2. Registration of a license	35 000
3. Renting premises	15 000	37 500
4. Purchase of equipment	345 000	1 700 000
5. Purchase of raw materials	350 000	500 000
6. Payment of wages	165 000	190 000
7. Advertising	75 000
8. Other expenses ( public utilities, taxes)	100 000

Now let's move on to calculating the payback.

The approximate productivity of a small enterprise is 60 doors per month. Their market value fluctuates within 13 thousand rubles, the cost price is 7 thousand rubles.

It turns out that by selling 60 doors a month, you will receive an income of 780 thousand rubles. The net profit will be about 360 thousand rubles. It is easy to calculate that with such forecasts the enterprise will be able to pay for itself already after 3-5 months.

An average enterprise is capable of producing 200 steel doors per month. Taking into account the same market value and cost, we find that the monthly income will be 2.6 million rubles. You will receive about 1 million rubles net of them.

If we take into account the additional costs in the first month of operation and some time required to search for distribution channels, we can calculate that an average enterprise will pay for itself within the first six months of operation on the market.

Thus, we can conclude that the production of steel doors in Russia is a profitable, uncomplicated and quickly payback type of business.

To launch it, you need to carefully think through the concept of the enterprise and try to find several sales channels at once. Such actions will help to return the invested money in a short time, thereby positively influencing the development of production.

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Armored doors on the market made in China in most cases they only look effective. They are made from thin sheet metal, the thickness of which rarely exceeds 0.8 mm, and it can be opened with a can opener. Therefore, if you need a really durable and reliable design, it is advisable both from an economic point of view and in terms of efficiency to produce it yourself.

Preparation of materials

Before starting work, it is necessary to take measurements of the doorway and sketch out a schematic drawing of the structure. With a standard width (800-900 mm), the door can be made single, but with a wider opening, it is advisable to make a prefabricated frame - an additional leaf is added to the side.

A metal door consists of 3 main components:

To manufacture a welded door, the following materials are needed (the quantity is determined by the overall dimensions of the structure):

• Corner 50×50×5 mm – for the door frame.
• Profile square pipe 50×50 and a thickness of at least 2 m (you can use a corner of the appropriate size) - for the frame.
• Metal sheet with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm - for the canvas.
• Steel hinges (2-3 pcs.) – the quantity depends on the weight of the door.
• Insulation – polystyrene foam or mineral wool.
• Lock.
• Material for decorative cladding (at the discretion of the owner) - plywood, lining, veneer, plastic panels, etc.
• Consumables – electrodes (selected depending on the steel used, diameter up to 3.0 mm), grinder discs, drills.

Step-by-step manufacturing of a door frame

The dimensions of the box must be smaller than the opening - a gap of 20 mm is provided between the ends of the walls and the structure. This will allow you to adjust the position of the door and avoid distortion when installing it.

Taking into account these gaps, corners are cut and laid out in a rectangular structure on a flat plane (welding table or sawhorses pre-calibrated for flatness).

The corners of the box must be 90° - checked using a carpenter's angle and measuring the length of the diagonals. The structure is welded and the welds are subsequently cleaned flush with the surface of the corners (for a tight fit of the door leaf).

Door assembly and welding

Taking into account the size of the box, blanks are prepared from square pipe for making a frame. Gaps between the frame and the door frame:

• bottom and top – 10 mm;
• from the canopy side – 5-7 mm;
• from the lock side – 6-8 mm.

As a result, the frame should be smaller internal dimensions boxes are 20 mm in height and 11-15 mm in width.

Step-by-step door leaf manufacturing technology:

1. The cut profile is laid out inside the box, the gaps are fixed (available materials are used - plates, grinder discs or wood chips of appropriate thickness) and the diagonals are checked.
2. A cutout is made in one of the side profiles for installing a lock.
3. When the diagonals match, the frame is welded and the seams are cleaned.
4. The frame and box are tacked together around the perimeter in 4-6 places.
5. Marking and cutting metal sheets. It is necessary to provide an overlap of 10-15 mm on the box, and 5 mm on the side of the canopies. Taking into account the gaps between the frame and the frame, these values ​​will be 20-25 mm on the sides and 10-12 mm on the hinge side.
6. The box and frame are placed and aligned on top of the metal sheet.
7. Welding is performed in separate seams (length within 40 mm, distance about 200 mm) staggered from the middle to the edges, alternately on different sides of the door leaf. This will prevent possible deformation of the sheet and the structure as a whole.
8. To increase the rigidity of the structure, horizontal and vertical profile blanks of a certain length are welded. In order to facilitate the decorative lining of the door, wooden blocks can be hammered and secured into the frame.

Welding door hinges and installing a lock

Before installing the hinges, the structure is turned over - the steel sheet should be on top. When installing awnings, it is important to maintain their alignment. The hinges are welded to the sheet and to the box. The tacks used to connect the box and frame are cut off with a grinder. The door opens and the awnings are scalded from the inside.

After this, all welds are thoroughly cleaned and the structure is painted. This will protect the metal from corrosion, so painting should be done regardless of whether decorative finishing is performed or not.

Places for the keyhole and handle are marked on the door leaf, and drilling is performed. The mounting holes are drilled, the threads are cut with a tap, and the lock is bolted.

Also at this stage you can prepare a hole for the peephole. It is drilled through a vertical profile in the middle of the door or is shifted slightly to the side and the opening is made only in the door leaf.

Installation of metal doors

Mounting plates (6-10 pieces) are prepared - they can be made from the remaining scraps of the sheet that was used for the door leaf. The parts are welded to the box.

Installation steps:

1. The horizontal and vertical of the door frame is aligned. Fixation is done using wooden wedges.
2. The level of the doors is again controlled.
3. IN mounting plates and holes up to 150 mm deep are drilled in the wall for anchor bolts.
4. The top anchor is hammered in first on the side of the box where the hinges are located.
5. The level of location is checked again, and if necessary, the structure is trimmed.
6. The bottom anchor is hammered in next, and the middle one last.
7. Attaching the front part is carried out in the same sequence.
8. Metal doors are hung.
9. The gaps between the wall and the frame are filled with construction foam.

After installation, you can begin insulating the doors and finishing with the selected materials.

Over the years, metal doors have performed many different functions: they reliably protect premises and decorate the entrance area of ​​residential and public premises. Installing high-quality metal doors is a guarantee of safety, increased heat and sound insulation in the space.

For many years now, the demand for entrance doors with a metal base has remained high, however, the choice of a reliable and high-quality product should, as before, be given great attention, despite the huge range of different offers on the modern market. After all, a metal door is the face of an apartment, house, commercial enterprise and other objects. Its appearance influences the first impression of the owners and the entire living space. Therefore, you should also not forget about the aesthetic qualities of the doors, their professional installation and compliance with the conditions for further operation of the finished product.

Main types of modern metal doors

Modern manufacturers offer a wide range of metal doors of various functional purposes and configurations, with different performance properties. All metal door models offered today can be divided into the following types:

• technical;
• apartment doors (domestic use);
• front doors

All types have their own distinctive properties, aesthetic and operational features.

Technical doors. This type of metal door, which is designed for use in difficult weather and operating conditions (with significant temperature changes, high humidity, fire hazard, etc.). The main qualities of these products are increased wear resistance, high functionality and mechanical strength. In the production of metal doors for technical purposes, special alloys, reliable finishing materials, as well as special coatings are used to protect the structure from corrosion.

Currently, technical door models are represented by the following products:

• Tambour doors (economy class);
• Fire protection structures;
• Doors for equipping attics, basements, entrances;
• Internal doors to premises that are under increased control (accounting, cash desk, archive, storage, certain types of warehouses, etc.).

Apartment doors (domestic use). This group includes doors for apartments, offices and other residential and commercial properties that are in the middle price category. This type of door can be equipped with various protective devices, a wide variety of finishing and be sure to have good heat and sound insulation. Price category Apartment doors are mainly determined by two positions - decorative design and reliability of protective devices. Currently, modern manufacturers offer metal doors in this market segment in various categories, from economy class to business level.

Front doors. This category of metal doors includes products of non-standard configuration and exclusive decorative design. Models of front doors can consist of two or three panels, be equipped with forged and stained glass elements, mirrors and luxury glass, luxurious handles and unique locking systems. Such products are installed outdoors or indoors and, in addition to protection, they must provide harmonious decoration of the exterior and interior. This is very important for various high-status establishments - luxury villas and estates, restaurants, clubs, public and commercial buildings. Elite metal doors are distinguished not only by their unique, magnificent design, but also by their impeccable quality.

Metal door selection technology

When choosing metal doors, you must first evaluate the quality and functional properties of the products. All metal doors purchased must be different:

• Durability. This indicator is ensured by many factors: the quality of all materials used in production, the company’s reputation, the availability of quality certificates and warranties.
• Burglary resistant. Products must have maximum resistance to various mechanical influences. Modern robbers and thieves are very rich in various inventions. A reinforced structure, well-placed stiffening ribs, reliable and durable locking mechanisms, high-quality bolts, filling the door frame with stable solutions will be the key to durability and high level protection. Minimum thickness metal sheet should be 2 mm, the product must be securely fastened and equipped with the most modern locking systems. High-quality modern metal doors are also a reliable door frame, which is a single all-metal structure.
• Functionality. High-quality doors must guarantee optimal levels of sound and thermal insulation. This indicator is achieved by specifically filling the door frame with noise-insulating and insulating materials. It is important that metal doors have the following qualities: fire resistance, bulletproofness and other protective properties.
• Ergonomics. Comfortable, convenient door locking, easy to use everyday use fittings and well-chosen accessories are essential qualities of a good metal door. And naturally, each door should have optimal dimensions, easy opening, etc.
• Beautiful design and decorative effect. The appearance of metal doors should be harmoniously combined with the style of the exterior and interior of the apartment or house. Modern choice finishing materials and technologies allows you to select the most suitable option for any design and architectural solution.

Despite the large assortment of metal doors offered, difficulties in choosing still exist. After all, behind the flashy finish it is very difficult to distinguish low-quality products. Therefore, there are a number of key points that need attention before purchasing the product.

Metal doors are divided into 13 protection classes. The most popular apartment doors belong to the fourth class of protection. When choosing, you need to pay attention to the fact that on high-quality products there should be no gaps between door frame and canvas. To increase the protection of castle structures, various armored linings and additional reinforcing plates should be used.

One of weak points of a metal door is the seam between the outer sheet (of metal) and the frame. The structure should not be detached from the frame so that the lock can be easily reached. Also important factor– thickness of the skin. If a sheet of metal is attached to the box with an overlap, it cannot be thinner than 2-2.5 mm, so that the protruding part of the sheet in the area of ​​the narthex cannot be bent and reach the crossbars of the locking device. The inner sheet of metal increases rigidity, but at the same time makes the structure heavier and increases the load on the door hinges, frame and its fastening. In this case, you need to strengthen these nodes.

An important indicator of resistance to burglary and significant loads during operation is the location and number of stiffeners. The minimum number of profiles allowed is two horizontal, three vertical and two horizontal. If a narrow profile is used (40–50 mm), at least three horizontal and five vertical stiffeners are needed. Today you can rarely find indicators on the manufacturer’s stand indicating the number of stiffeners, but you can check this indicator with the manufacturer’s consultant or the seller of the metal door.

To prevent the door from being removed, at least three special anti-removal pins must be built into the design, preferably located closer to the corners of the doors. To fill the gap between the frame of the structure and the opening into which the frame will be inserted, we need strips that are welded to the door frame. The strips will make it more difficult for thieves and intruders who want to knock down a metal door.

Another important element of a door is the hinges. When installed, they are selected individually for each model, taking into account their massiveness and size of the structure. The best for metal doors are hinges on bearings, which ensure that the massive leaf will open easily and without sagging.

Main manufacturers and brands. Prices and quality, difference

There are currently about 30 major suppliers of metal doors on the market. The most popular products are from the following companies: Bastion, Bars, Bel-Ka, Guardian, Geometry of Metal, Sesame, Swift, Torex, Jaguar-M and others. You can also note companies that are representatives of the Lyon and PANPAN factories, as well as companies that cooperate with many factories and constantly change manufacturers and suppliers depending on the quality and cost of the products supplied.

Models of metal doors offered by manufacturers today are distinguished by price segment, configuration and level of security. The cost is formed, among other things, from the additional equipment of the door: fittings, lock, cylinder, panel, and also increases the price of manufacturing standard sizes doors.

Nowadays, both large companies and their official representatives in the regions there are also small artels, so the cost of a regular product can vary from 4,000 to 25,000 rubles, while “elite doors” can cost from 40,000 to 150,000 rubles. and above. Naturally, you should understand that doors in the price segment are less than 7,000 rubles. have minimal protective properties.

Currently there are the following price segments for products::

• up to 10,000 rub. (economy class segment). Such doors have minimal security systems, with standard fittings, a cylinder and a lock with an average security code. Such a door is resistant to some burglary methods and, together with other methods, can serve as good protection for property.
• up to 20,000 rub. (class standard). Such designs are equipped with more complex locking mechanisms, high-quality locks and beautiful fittings. Optimal combination of price, quality and safety.
• up to 40,000 rub. (business class). You can feel completely safe with such products. They are equipped with the most modern systems protection, high-quality beautiful fittings, branded locks of the highest level.
• over 40,000 rub. (elite class). These are top door models, consisting of new, innovative designs, maximum security, cylinders and locks with the highest security. Fittings with a high degree of protection and elegant design.

Foreign manufacturers of metal doors are represented by the following manufacturers:

• Chinese doors
• Little-known companies, mainly producing products for a narrow market
• Brands that are known all over the world

Chinese doors are the most famous product today. Such doors are very cheap, have an attractive appearance, but the quality of the products usually leaves much to be desired. Naturally, this does not apply to all metal doors made in China; they also have high-quality doors, but domestic market filled with mostly cheap deals.

Little-known foreign companies are not of great interest to the mass buyer; as a rule, they are purchased at exhibitions or on the advice of a designer.

Doors from branded manufacturers are a great way to purchase quality products. Such doors combine many unique features and embody all the latest developments in protection and safety. The only drawback of all foreign models is that they are tied to standard sizes.

Metal door design

The main structural elements of doors are divided into the following groups:

• Finishing
• Canvas and box elements
• Accessories
• Installation components and materials.

The main components of metal doors are the frame and the leaf, which are connected to each other by welding. The structural elements of the box and door leaf include: door leaf, double ledge, supporting profile, insert envelope, continuous anti-removal, pins, hinges, protective parts for lock bolts, sound insulation of the door and its insulation.

Depending on the profile used, the door design is divided into profile and bent-welded. Door structures made using the bent-welded method are expensive, but in comparison with other products they are the most reliable and durable. Profile doors, as a rule, do not have “wings” at the joints, so special trims are installed to protect the seam between the door frame and the wall.

Depending on the number of metal sheets, door structures are single-sheet, double-sheet and three-sheet. Single-sheet doors do not have an internal sheet of metal; they are installed without platbands, since the frame structure itself already has steel platbands. Products with two sheets need to be equipped with platbands.

Metal door locking systems

Traditionally, all types of locks are divided into several classes. For example, a first class lock is a locking mechanism designed to internal doors. A third or fourth class locking system already guarantees good reliability and durability of the lock. The manufacturer assumes that a professional burglar will spend at least half an hour opening a fourth-class lock. Therefore, when purchasing a door or agreeing on its configuration, you need to ask the manufacturer about the class of the lock being installed in the product.

To increase the reliability and protective functions of metal doors, modern manufacturers install two types of locking systems: cylinder and lever.

Cylinder locks Usually called English locks, which have cylinders with pins, thanks to which the mechanism achieves unique secrecy. Larvae are divided into one-sided and two-sided. In the one-sided version, the lock opens only on one side, respectively, double-sided cylinders allow you to open the door from any side. The obvious disadvantage of a cylinder lock is its low resistance to impacts, which can damage the lock. To avoid this drawback, special pads are used. High-quality larvae rotate around their axis. So, if a potential thief visits the house with a portable drill, he will not be able to drill out the cylinder, which will constantly spin.

Level locks are equipped with special levers, which open the locking mechanism. Such locks have a high security class. Level systems equipped with a special manganese insert, which is installed between the door and the lock body, have the highest security class. Such an insert is necessary to ensure that an attacker’s drill is sure to break when drilling the lock.

You should also pay attention to the quality and quantity of pins and crossbars of the doorway. The cheapest models have up to three crossbars, the more expensive ones have four or more. These protective elements are made from high-strength alloy steel and are equipped with metal cylinders on top, which make them difficult to saw out.

Additionally, metal doors can be equipped with various types of latches, from traditional models to modern innovative mechanisms.

Thermal and sound insulation of a metal door

Modern manufacturers are constantly increasing the range of heat-insulating and sound-proof materials used for insulating metal doors. The most common insulation materials are mineral wool and polyurethane.

• Mineral wool- This fibrous material with an excellent indicator fire safety. It is environmentally friendly and safe. Doors insulated with this material have good heat and sound insulating properties.
• Polyurethane has excellent operational advantages. Doors insulated with this material do an excellent job of negative impact cold. The low thermal conductivity of polyurethane ensures that the premises maintain the standard temperature regime. The material is lightweight and does not weigh down the door structure.

A double-circuit system of high-quality seals eliminates the penetration of drafts and dust into the premises and ensures the standard level of sound and heat insulation. For metal entrance doors in private houses, cottages and other facilities, effective panels with polyurethane foam with a reflective surface, additional linings and even electric heating systems can be used to eliminate cold bridges.

The sound insulation of doors will be almost absolute if, when closed, there are no gaps left between the door leaf and the frame. For these purposes, manufacturers use various seals:

• silicone (with a plastic edge);
• made of foam rubber (with a fixing adhesive base);
• magnetic.

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• Introduction
• 1.2 Inverter arc power supplies
• 1.3 Selecting electrodes and welding mode
• 2.1 Door classification
• 2.2 Procedure for assembling a metal door
• 3. Occupational safety
• Conclusion
• References
• Introduction
• In this course work I will try to explain in detail the procedure for assembling and installing a metal door using a manual arc welding.

Welding is used to connect various metals, their alloys, some ceramic materials, plastics, glass and dissimilar materials. The main application is welding of metals and their alloys in the construction of new structures, repair of various products, machines and mechanisms, and the creation of two-layer materials. Metals of any thickness can be welded. The strength of the welded joint in most cases is not inferior to the strength of the whole metal.

The connection during welding is achieved due to the emergence of atomic-molecular bonds between the elementary particles of the connected bodies. The bringing together of atoms is hampered by the roughness of the surfaces in the places where the parts are to be joined, and the presence of contaminants in the form of oxides on them.

Depending on the methods used to eliminate the reasons preventing the achievement of a strong connection, all existing varieties welding (and there are about 70 of them) can be classified into three main groups - pressure welding (welding in the solid state), fusion welding (welding in liquid state) and fusion and pressure welding (welding in the liquid-solid state).

In fusion welding, the connection of parts is achieved by local melting of the metal of the welded elements - the base metal - along the edges at the point of their contact or the base and additional metals and wetting the solid metal with liquid. The molten base or base and additional metals spontaneously (spontaneously) merge without the application of external force, forming a common so-called weld pool. As the heat source is removed, solidification occurs - crystallization of the metal of the weld pool and the formation of a seam connecting the parts into one whole. The weld metal in all types of fusion welding has a cast structure.

Powerful heating sources are used to melt the metal. Depending on the nature of the heat source, a distinction is made between electric and chemical fusion welding: with electric welding, the initial source of heat is an electric current; with chemical welding, the exothermic reaction of combustion of gases (gas welding) or a powdery combustible mixture (thermite welding) is used as a heat source.

• Purpose of the work:
• To study the features of assembly and installation of a metal door made of sheet and corner steel St3.
• Objectives: learn to correctly select the dimensions, required materials, current strength and welding methods for assembling and installing a metal door.
• Relevance. Doors of this type are widely in demand in industrial, warehouses, in basements, garages, technical rooms, as well as apartment buildings, as an entrance door to an apartment and entrance.
• 1. General information about the steel used. selection of arc power source, electrodes and welding mode
• 1.1 General information about the steel used
• Steel is an alloy of iron with carbon and/or other elements. Steel contains no more than 2.14% carbon. In this case, we use steel grade St3, which means carbon structural steel of ordinary quality (see Table 1).
• Table 1

Substitute
Classification	Structural carbon steel of ordinary quality
Application:	load-bearing and non-load-bearing elements of welded and non-welded structures and parts operating at positive temperatures. Shaped and sheet metal up to 10 mm thick for load-bearing elements of welded structures operating under variable loads in the range from -40 to +425 °C. Rolled products from 10 to 25 mm - for load-bearing elements of welded structures operating at temperatures from -40 to +425°C, subject to delivery with guaranteed weldability.
Chemical composition in % of steel grade 3 (St3sp)

1.2 Inverter arc power supplies

The choice of power source for the welding inverter in such cases is made from autonomous generators of various types. The wrong choice of an autonomous generator as an external power source for a welding inverter can lead to its rapid failure. When choosing a generator, it is not enough to limit yourself to just selecting power. There are other characteristics of an external autonomous generator that are not compatible with the operating characteristics of the inverter.

Powering the welding inverter from an external city or power network does not cause incompatibilities that affect the operation of the welding inverter. All welding units available on store shelves are adapted specifically for mains power. The input rectifier unit at the input of the welding converter is designed to operate with a frequency of 50 Hz and a voltage of 220 or 380 volts, i.e. with a regular or power network.

The discrepancy in the operation of the generator and inverter arises due to the difference in the nature of the load. When the inverter operates, they carry a capacitive component. Generators, in turn, are designed for active-inductive consumers, and when the load current increases, they compensate for the voltage drop. In this case, when the current increases due to the capacitive component of the load, the inverter has its own voltage increase, and feedback at the generator by current, compensating the voltage from the load, causes an even greater increase in voltage in the inverter module. An overvoltage that occurs with increasing intensity can lead to failure of the device or a decrease in the operating resources of the electronic circuit.

A similar situation does not arise when connecting welding rectifiers and transformers made according to the autonomous generator power circuits. Their active-inductive load is fully compatible with the operating characteristics of generators of all types of excitation. For inverters, it is possible to use generators with increased power. With a power reserve of two times, it is possible to avoid an increase in voltage at the generator when the inverter is operating. The second option is to use special generators designed for active-capacitive loads. This can provide voltage reduction idle speed at the generator and increase the current frequency to 52Hz.

If the generator power reserve is insufficient, then it is better to use an external network to connect the welding inverter for operation.

In this work I used Welding machine Brima ARC 250 inverter type is designed for manual arc welding and stick electrode surfacing on direct current steel products in industrial and domestic conditions. It features stable, reliable and efficient operation, portability and low noise during welding process. Features of the ARC 250 machine are high efficiency, low energy consumption, mobility, excellent dynamic properties, arc stability, low open circuit voltage, self-regulation of arc power, and the ability to meet various welding requirements.

Adjusting the arc force (short circuit current) allows you to optimally select the depth of metal penetration and avoid increased metal spattering and (or) electrode sticking.

1.3 Selecting electrodes and welding mode

When fusion arc welding, consumable electrodes are used, made of cold-drawn calibrated or hot-rolled wire with a diameter of 0.3-12 mm, or flux-cored wire. Electrode strips and plates are also used as electrodes. Electrodes are classified according to material, purpose for welding certain steels, thickness of the coating applied to the rod, type of coating, nature of the slag formed during melting, technical properties weld metal, etc. A certain composition is applied to all electrodes - a coating.

The general purpose of electrode coatings is to ensure stability of the welding arc and obtain weld metal with predetermined properties. The most important properties are ductility, strength, impact strength, and corrosion resistance. The coating performs many important functions.

Firstly, it is gas protection of the welding zone and molten metal, which is formed during the combustion of gas-forming substances. It protects the molten metal from exposure to oxygen and nitrogen. Such substances are introduced into the coating in the form of wood flour, cellulose, and cotton fabric.

Secondly, deoxidation of the weld pool metal by elements that have a greater affinity for oxygen than iron. These elements include manganese, titanium, molybdenum, chromium, silicon, aluminum, and graphite. Deoxidizers are included in the coating not in pure form, but in the form of ferroalloys.

Thirdly, slag protection. The slag coating reduces the rate of cooling and hardening of the weld metal, thereby facilitating the release of gas and non-metallic inclusions. The slag-forming components of coatings are titanium and manganese ores, kaolin, marble, quartz sand, dolomite, feldspar, etc.

Fourthly, alloying the weld metal to give it special properties (increasing mechanical properties, wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance). Chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, and titanium are used as alloying components.

In addition, to increase welding productivity, iron powder is introduced into the electrode coatings. This powder facilitates re-ignition of the arc, reduces the cooling rate of the deposited metal, which has a beneficial effect on welding at low temperatures. The powder content can reach up to 60% of the coating mass. To secure the coating on the electrode rod, binders are used, such as liquid glass. To give the coating better plastic properties, forming additives are introduced into it, such as bentonite, kaolin, dextrin, mica, etc.

Depending on the materials being welded, all electrodes are divided into the following groups: L - for welding alloyed structural steels with a tensile strength of over 600 MPa - five types (E70, E85, E100, E125, E150); U - for welding carbon and low-carbon structural steels; B - for welding high-alloy steels with special properties; T - for welding alloyed heat-resistant steels - 9 types; N - for surfacing surface layers with special properties - 44 types. The guaranteed tensile strength of the weld metal is indicated by numbers in the electrode brand. For example, the name of the electrode, designated E42, indicates that it is intended for arc welding; the minimum tensile strength of the weld metal is 42 kgf/mm 2 .

The choice of the diameter of the electrode for welding is carried out depending on the thickness of the metal being welded, its grade and chemical composition, the shape of the edges, the welding position, and the type of connection. The main features of different electrode diameters include:

1. Welding electrodes 1 mm - designed to work with metal whose thickness is 1-1.5 mm, with a current of 20-25A;

2. Welding electrodes 1.6 mm - in accordance with GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel, are available in two sizes 200 or 250 mm, used for working with metals whose thickness is from 1 to 2 mm with a current strength of 25-50A;

3. Welding electrodes 2 mm - according to GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel, they are made 250 mm long, a length of 300 mm is also allowed, the thickness of the metals being welded is from 1 to 2 mm, the current strength is 50-70A;

4. Welding electrodes 2.5 mm - according to GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel are produced in lengths of 250-300 mm, a length of 350 mm is also allowed, the thickness of the metals being welded is from 1 to 3 mm, the current strength is 70-100A;

5. Welding electrodes 3 mm - the most widely used electrode diameter, in accordance with GOST 9466-75 for low-carbon and alloy steel, are available in three sizes 300, 350 and 450 mm, designed to work with metals whose thickness is from 2 to 5 mm with current strength 70-140A;

6. Welding electrodes 4 mm - a widely used diameter suitable for work on both professional and household equipment. Produced in accordance with GOST9466-75 in two sizes 350 and 450 mm for any types of steel, for metals whose thickness is from 2 to 10 mm with a current strength of 100-220A;

7. Welding electrodes 5 mm - electrodes of this diameter require sufficiently powerful welding equipment. In accordance with GOST 9466-75, they are manufactured with a length of 450 mm for low-carbon and alloy steel, and a length of 350 mm is also allowed for high-alloy steel. Designed to work with metals whose thickness is from 4 to 15 mm with a current of 150-280A;

8. Welding electrodes 6 mm - designed for use on professional equipment. According to GOST9466-75, it is produced in a length of 450 mm for low-carbon and alloy steel, and for high-alloy steel, a length of 350 mm is also allowed. Designed to work with metals whose thickness is from 4 to 15 mm with a current strength of 230-370A;

9. Welding electrodes 8-12 mm - for work on high-performance industrial equipment. In accordance with GOST 9466-75, it is produced in a length of 450 mm for low-carbon and alloy steel, and for high-alloy steel, a length of 350 mm is also allowed. Designed to work with metals whose thickness is over 8 mm with a current strength of 450A;

It should be noted that for a certain electrode diameter, the current range for each brand of electrode is different. For example, with an electrode diameter of 3 mm for UONI 13/55 the current is 70-100A, and for MP-3 the current is 80-140A.

If manual arc welding is carried out, then it is performed in 2-3 layers, since multilayer welding provides deep penetration of the root and increases the density of the welded joint. This method is used with and without rotation of the welded joints. To avoid metal burn-through, it is recommended to weld the first layer with electrodes with a diameter of 4 mm at a welding current of 120-140 A. The layers should be welded in one direction with a gradual rotation of the welded section. If a non-rotating joint is welded, then welding is carried out when connecting the sections into one string and the final installation of the pipeline. The order of applying welds is as follows: the first layers are welded from bottom to top; subsequent seams - from top to bottom. Locks, or closing areas in adjacent layers of the seam, should be spaced from each other at a distance of approximately 60-100 mm; in the ceiling part of the seam it is convenient to finish welding at a distance of 50-70 mm from the bottom point of the pipe. If it is impossible to weld non-rotating joints, then a combined method is used. With this method, the joint is welded with the insert, while the lower part of the seam is welded from the inside; upper part The seam is welded from the outside. The type of electrodes used is the same as when welding rotary joints. If main pipelines are being laid, then manual welding is carried out only when applying the first layer of seam.

Welding mode refers to the main indicators that determine the welding process, which are established on the basis of initial data and must be performed to obtain a welded joint of the required quality, size and shape established by the project. These indicators for manual arc welding include: brand of electrode, its diameter, strength and type of welding current, polarity with direct current, number of layers in the seam. For a multilayer weld - the diameter of the electrode and the current strength for the first and subsequent layers, as well as other characteristics. To determine the welding mode, initial data are used, for example, the grade and thickness of the base metal, the length and shape of the welds, design requirements for the quality of the welds (electrode type), and the position of the seams in space.

Depending on the brand of metal being welded and its thickness, the type and brand of electrodes are selected. The diameter of the electrode is selected depending on the welding position and the thickness of the metal. In the lower welding position, the diameter of the electrode can be determined based on the relationship between the diameter of the electrode and the thickness of the metal being welded

The cross-sectional area of ​​multi-layer seams is usually given in the Unified Standards and Prices for Welding Work, from which the number of layers (passes) of a multi-layer seam can be easily determined.

Welding mode. In this work we use the electrode brand UONI 13/55, the electrode diameter is 3 mm. The position of the seam in space is vertical, bottom and ceiling. Current 75 - 100 A (depending on the position of the seam in space)

When welding in a vertical position, the current decreases by 10-20%, when welding horizontal seams - by 15-20% and when welding ceiling seams - by 20-25%. When welding in the lower position, the current strength will be equal to 100A, in the vertical position 80 - 100A, and when welding in the ceiling position, the current strength will be equal to 75 -80A.

The welding speed (arc movement) largely depends on the qualifications of the welder and his ability to conduct the welding process with breaks only for changing the electrode. In addition, the welding speed is influenced by the deposition rate of the electrodes used and the strength of the welding current. The higher the deposition rate and the higher the current, the faster the arc moves and, therefore, the welding speed increases. It should be borne in mind that an arbitrary increase in current may cause overheating of the electrode.

steel electrode welding door

2. Classification of doors. metal entrance door manufacturing technology

2.1 Door classification

I. Based on materials:

Wooden,

Aluminum,

Steel,

Plastic,

Combined.

II. By opening method

1. Swing

They can open in one direction or both. Both internal and external doors can be hinged.

2. Sliding

Sliding doors widely used for wardrobes. Sliding doors go into a cavity inside the wall or move parallel to it.

3. Rocking

They swing open in both directions, like in the subway, and pets love them. But they are almost never found on sale, only in specialized stores.

III. By purpose they are distinguished:

1. Doors for residential buildings

2. Doors for public buildings

3. Special doors (shockproof, bulletproof, burglar-proof)

Door designs are different and depend on the requirements placed on them. Both in Russia and abroad, they produce doors that open inside the room.

2.2 Procedure for assembling a metal door

1. First of all, we weld the door threshold onto the tack.

2. Marking and cutting sheet steel.

2.1. We will need 2 leaves for a large and a small door. We draw marking lines on sheet steel using a metric tape measure and chalk. (Fig. 1. a, b).

2.2. Using an angle grinder, we cut out the 1st blade from sheet steel 3 mm thick, 900 mm wide and 1980 mm long and the 2nd blade 1980 mm long and 490 mm wide (Fig. 2.).

a b

Fig.1.

Fig.2.

2.3. Marking and cutting angle steel. They will serve as stiffening ribs for the product. We cut out the corner steel, which will be positioned vertically, for the 1st large and for the 2nd door leaf of the same length of 1980mm. Next, the mode is horizontal corners, short for a small door 485mm long and long 870mm: (Fig. 3.).

Fig.3.

3 Assembling the door on tacks using 3mm W electrodes, grade UONI-13/45

1.1. We weld the stops to the threshold, at a distance of 10 mm from the butt (Fig. 4. a, b)

a b

Fig.4.

We grab the stiffeners. First, we grab the longitudinal ribs (Fig. 5. a.), then the transverse ones (Fig. 5. b, c.) The distance from the channel wall should not exceed (5 mm). Tacks should be 35-50 mm long, at a distance of 150-200 mm. We do the same with the second, small door leaf.

a b c

Fig.5.

1.2. We weld the embedded plates onto which the hinges will be welded. Their length should slightly exceed the length of the hinge cup. In order for everything to be smooth on the channel, we weld 2 plates, one on top of the other, they should deviate from the door leaf by about 5-6 mm, and on the door leaf we weld 1 plate, the distance from the edge is 2-3 mm. We process the plates: (Fig. 5.).

a b

Fig.6.

1.3. We weld the hinges to the finished embedded plates: (Fig. 7.).

Fig.7.

1.4. We insert the lock. We cut through the keyhole (Fig. 8, a). In order to fix it, we use angle steel (Fig. 8, b) and fasten the lock with self-cuts: (Fig. 8, c).

a b c

Fig.8.

1.5. We clean the seams from slag and splashes. We perform a visual inspection of welds. If defects are detected, we cut out the required section of the weld and weld it again.

Defects and their elimination. Defects in welded joints must be eliminated in the following ways: detected breaks in seams and craters are welded; seams with other defects exceeding the permissible ones are removed to the length of the defective area plus 15 mm on each side and welded again; undercuts of the base metal that exceed the permissible ones are cleaned and welded, followed by cleaning, ensuring a smooth transition from the deposited metal to the base metal.

Residual deformations of structures that arise after welding and exceed values ​​must be corrected. Correction must be carried out using thermal, mechanical or thermomechanical methods.

ITK on the topic: “Technological process of manufacturing a metal entrance door”

Table 2

	Technological map of welding works
	Name	Quantity
	Equipment: rectifier	VDM 1001, RB-302
	Tool:	- Metal ruler; - Square; - angle grinder - Metal brush; - External control panels; - Slag separator; Electrode holder.
	Materials:	Electrodes brand UONI-13/45
			Total wall thickness	Current strength, A	Electrode diameter in mm	Seam length, mm	Number of points	Qualification category
	Installing the door threshold.
	Mark and cut 2 door leaves and stiffeners according to the required door dimensions.
	We assemble the structure. We install stops. We weld the door leaf on tacks and fix it. To do this, we install supports under the canvas on which the canvas will stand.
	Attach the stiffening ribs to the door leaf. Electrode Ш 3 mm UONI-13/45. The length of the tacks is 35-50 mm.
	We weld the embedded plates onto which the hinges will be welded. We process the plates.
	We weld the hinges to the finished overhead plates.
	Let's start installing the lock. Keyhole mode. In order to secure it, we use angle steel and fasten the lock with self-tapping screws
	Cleaning seams from slag and splashes
		Execution order
	Perform a visual inspection of the welds.	1. Detection of external defects; 2. Removal of defective areas; 3. Correction of defects.

3. Occupational safety

When arc welding and cutting, the welder is exposed to factors such as harmful gases, fumes and irradiation from the welding arc. There is also a danger of defeat electric shock. In addition, during operation, volatile compounds arise in the form of dust. It contains substances harmful to human health such as oxides of manganese, silicon, iron, chromium, and fluorine. The most harmful are chromium and manganese. When welding, the air is polluted with oxides of nitrogen, carbon, and hydrogen fluoride. Inhaling such polluted air is fraught with various health problems for a person. They are expressed by headaches, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and general weakness. In addition, toxic substances can be deposited in the tissues of the human body and cause various diseases. Working with coated electrodes causes the most air pollution; less harmful emissions during automatic welding. The effect of all these harmful factors can be significantly weakened or neutralized if safety measures are applied in each specific case.

To create favorable conditions work that meets the physiological needs of the human body, sanitary standards establish optimal and permissible meteorological conditions in the working area of ​​the premises.

The microclimate in work areas is regulated in accordance with the sanitary rules and standards set out in “SanPiN 2.2.4.548-96. Hygienic requirements for the microclimate of industrial premises."

Production premises are enclosed spaces in specially designed buildings and structures in which people’s labor activities are constantly or periodically carried out.

The workplace in which the microclimate is normalized is the area of ​​the room (or the entire room) in which labor activity is carried out during a work shift or part of it.

The work area is limited to a height of 2 meters above the level of the floor or platform where the workplaces are located.

The calculation of sanitary and hygienic premises is carried out according to SNiP 2.09.04-87. To calculate household premises, information about the group is required production processes according to sanitary characteristics.

Organization of the workplace. Depending on the nature of the work, welding can be carried out while staying in one place or periodically moving around the work site. Therefore, the welder’s workplace can be either mobile or permanent. Regardless of this, there is a strictly defined set necessary equipment and tools. These include: power supply, welding transformer, welding leads, electrode holder, face shield, canvas protective clothing, fencing shields, fire extinguishing equipment, necessary tools, asbestos sheet. If welding work is carried out in a cabin, then it is better to paint the walls of the cabin in a light gray color.

This type of coloring promotes better absorption of ultraviolet rays. In addition, the cabin must have good lighting and ventilation. Floors according to requirements fire safety must be made of brick, concrete or cement. The dimensions of the cabin are 2 x 2.5 m. Its walls are made of thin metal, plywood, and tarpaulin. Both plywood and tarpaulin are impregnated with a fire-resistant compound. The welder's work table should not exceed a height of 0.6-0.7 m. The material of the table top is thick sheet steel. Fiber masks and shields protect the welder's eyes and face from harmful radiation. Inner side body shields and masks should have a matte smooth black surface. Dark green filters (type C) also provide radiation protection.

If welding work is performed with coated electrodes, then it is better to choose the following filters: at a current of 100 A - filter C 5, 200 A - C 6, 300 A - C 7, 400 A - C 8, 500-600 A - C 9. If welding is carried out in carbon dioxide at a current of 50-100 A, then use a light filter C 1, 100-150 A -- C 2, 150-250 A -- C 3, 250-300 A -- C 4, 300 -400 A -- C 5. Electrical holders are needed to secure the electrode and supply current to it during manual arc welding. There are electric holders of passage, screw, spring, lever and other types. Electric holders allow you to fix the electrode in one of three positions: at an angle of 0, 45, 90° relative to the longitudinal axis of the handle.

Conclusion

In this work, we got acquainted with one of the methods of the technical process of assembling and welding a metal door.

We got acquainted with the features of welding, defects and their elimination. We learned what the procedure for assembling a metal door should be, learned welding methods and how to choose the right electrodes and welding mode to improve efficiency.

References

1. Adaskin A.M., Materials science (metalworking): textbook. Guide for beginners prof. Education / A.M. Adaskin, V.M. Zuev. - 5th edition, revised. and additional - M.: Publishing Center "Academy", 2011. - 288 p.

2. Andreev V.V. Inverter power sources for the welding arc // Welder, 2012. No. 6. pp. 25-29.

3. Smirnov V.V.: Equipment for arc welding. 2011

4. Chuloshnikov P.L. Study guide for prof. training. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 2011.

5. Peshkovsky O.I. Manufacturing technology of metal structures: Textbook. for technical schools.-- 3rd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Stroyizdat, 2012. - 350 p.

6. Kulikov O.N. Occupational safety during welding work. - M.: Academy, 2013.

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