Answer from Elena Konyukhova[guru]
1. A folk tale is a collective creation. it is created by the people. A literary fairy tale always has a specific author.
2. In the folk tale, a universal problem is raised, which is significant for everyone. In the author's fairy tale, the problem can be narrow, important for a particular author or character.
3. The idea of ​​a folk tale is moralizing, folk wisdom. The idea of ​​a literary fairy tale is to reveal the author's position, his attitude to the problems posed.
4. Fairy-tale tricks (triple repetitions, magic numbers, violation of the ban ...) are required within the framework of a folk tale. In a literary tale, their presence or absence is decided by the author.
5. In a folk tale, language (epithets, comparisons, obsolete and dialect words, words with diminutive suffixes) are constantly encountered, as they reflect folk speech. In the author's fairy tale, their use is the author's means of giving the work a fairy-tale form. Along with them, there are evaluative epithets, metaphors, descriptions of nature, appearance, etc.
6. In a folk tale there is always a saying, a beginning, an end. In a literary tale, one or more components may be missing.
7. The author's fairy tale is static, it cannot change over time. A folk tale is a genre of oral folk art, so it can change as it is passed from mouth to mouth.
8. In folk tales, good always triumphs over evil. In the author's fairy tale, the end may be less optimistic.

Answer from Camilla Lugovina[newbie]
fuuuuu

Answer from Yergey Mezentsev[newbie]
damn it's all right

Answer from AIMEKEN®[newbie]
you answer your own questions

Answer from 3 answers[guru]

Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: what is an author's fairy tale? How is it different from a folk tale?

A fairy tale is a favorite genre not only for children, but also for many adults. At first, the people were engaged in their composition, then professional writers also mastered it. In this article we will figure out how a folk tale differs from a literary one.

Genre features

A fairy tale is the most common type of folk art, telling about the events of an adventure, everyday or fantastic nature. The main setting of this genre is the disclosure of the truth of life with the help of conventionally poetic techniques.

In essence, a fairy tale is a simplified and abbreviated form of myths and legends, as well as a reflection of the traditions and views of peoples and nations. What is the difference between literary fairy tales and folk tales, if there is a direct reference to folklore in this genre itself?

The fact is that all literary fairy tales are based on folk art. Even if the plot of the work contradicts the folklore tradition, the structure and the main characters have a clearly visible connection with it.

Features of folk art

So, what is the difference between a folk tale and a literary one? To begin with, let's deal with what is commonly called a "folk tale". Let's start with the fact that this genre is considered one of the oldest and is recognized as a cultural heritage that has preserved the ideas of our ancestors about the structure of the world and about human interaction with it.

Such works reflected the moral values ​​of people of the past, manifested in a clear division of heroes into good and evil, national character traits, features of beliefs and way of life.

Folk tales are usually divided into three types depending on the plot and characters: fairy tales, about animals and household ones.

Author's reading

To understand the difference between a folk tale and a literary one, you need to understand the origin of the latter. Unlike its folk "sister", the literary fairy tale arose not so long ago - only in the 18th century. This was due to the development of educational ideas in Europe, which contributed to the beginning of the author's processing of folklore. Folk stories began to be collected and recorded.

The first such writers were the brothers Grimm, E. Hoffmann, C. Perrault, G.Kh. Andersen. They took well-known folk stories, added something to them, removed something, often put a new meaning, changed the characters, complicated the conflict.

Main differences

Now let's move on to the difference between a folk tale and a literary one. We list the main features:

• Let's start with the fact that the author's work always has the same unchanging plot, while the folk one changes and transforms all the time of its existence, as the surrounding reality and the worldview of people change. In addition, usually the literary version is larger in volume.
• In the author's fairy tale, the figurativeness is more clearly expressed. It has more details, details, colorful descriptions of actions and characters. The folk version very roughly describes the scene, the characters themselves and the events.
• A literary fairy tale has a psychologism that is not characteristic of folklore. That is, the author pays a lot of attention to the study of the inner world of the character, his experiences and feelings. Folk art has never delved into the topic in such detail.
• The main characters of folk tales are masks-types, generalized images. The authors, on the other hand, endow their characters with individuality, make their characters more complex, contradictory, and their actions more motivated.
• In a literary work there is always a pronounced position of the author. He expresses his attitude to what is happening, gives an assessment of events and characters, emotionally colors what is happening.

What is the difference between a literary tale and a folk tale: examples

Now let's try to put the theory into practice. For example, let's take the tales of A. S. Pushkin.

So, in order to show the techniques of figurativeness, let's take the "Tale of the Dead Princess". The author describes the situation and decoration in a very detailed and colorful way: “in a bright room ... benches covered with a carpet”, a stove “with a tiled stove bench”.

The “Tale of Tsar Saltan” perfectly demonstrates the psychologism of the heroes, Pushkin pays great attention to the feelings of his hero: “zealous began to beat ... burst into tears ... the spirit in him took up.”

If you have not yet fully understood how a literary fairy tale differs from a folk tale, then consider another example related to the individual character of the hero. Let us recall the works of Ershov, Pushkin, Odoevsky. Their characters are not masks, they are living people with their own passions and characters. So, Pushkin even endows the imp with expressive features: "I ran ... panting, all wet ... wiping myself."

As for the emotional coloring, then, for example, "The Tale of Balda" - joker and mocking; "The Tale of the Golden Fish" - ironic and a little sad; "The Tale of the Dead Princess" is sad, sad and tender.

Conclusion

Summing up the results of how the Russian folk tale differs from the literary one, we note one more feature that generalizes all the others. The author's work always reflects the writer's worldview, his view of the world and his attitude towards it. This opinion may partially coincide with the popular one, but it will never be identical to it. Behind a literary fairy tale, the personality of the author always emerges.

In addition, recorded tales are always tied to a specific time and place. For example, the plots of folk tales often wander and are found in different areas, so it is almost impossible to date their origin. And the time of writing a literary work is easy to determine, despite the stylization of folklore.

If a literary work is narrated in the first person, this does not mean that the narrator is the author himself. The image of the narrator is the author's fiction for the realization of the author's ultimate goal, and his role in the artistic organization of the text is no less important than the action itself, which the author narrates.

Definition

The narrator- a fictional character, on whose behalf the story is told about the fate of the characters or about the events that make up the content of a literary work.

Comparison

Characters always receive a direct or indirect author's assessment, which is important for revealing the ideological content of the work. In some genres, for this purpose, a narrator is introduced - a person conditionally endowed with his own judgment about the events and heroes around whom the plot action unfolds.

The narrator is neutral. The reader learns almost nothing about his character, way of thinking, fate. The narrator is interesting only because the narration is being conducted on his behalf. From the words of the narrator, we learn about the habits and oddities of Pechorin in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time"; Pushkin's "Belkin's Tales" cycle is also narrated by a fictitious narrator.

First-person narration is a common technique in European literature of the 18th and 19th centuries. The narrator was rarely assigned the role of an impassive observer of events and a chronologist: a portrait description of the main characters of the work, an assessment of their actions, forecasts and warnings about the consequences of rash actions were put into his mouth.

Often the narrator is necessary to express the author's position. In the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin" the image of the narrator is almost identical to the author himself. However, this is still an image in which the author's worldview is only partially reflected.

The introduction of the figure of the narrator into the plot of the work complicates the composition, gives it versatility and at the same time clearly structures the narrative. At the same time, the author remains the creator and creator, the main director of the action, and not its participant.

Findings site

1. The author is the creator of a literary work. The narrator is one of his characters.
2. The author builds a plot and describes the events that a fictional character, the narrator, should tell about.
3. Thanks to the image of the narrator, the author's position in relation to the events described can be expressed.
4. The author's worldview is partially manifested in the narrator's value judgments.

Literary and folk tales belong to the same genre, so it is quite difficult to determine how a folk tale differs from a literary one. Visible differences are only the form of narration and the inner content. The basis of the plot of any fairy tale is an amazing story about the unprecedented adventures (sometimes misadventures) of the main characters, but in folklore works the plot is built according to the traditional scheme, but in literary narration it has an author's version of the presentation.

Folk tales

To identify the differences between literary and folk tales, one should study the definitions of these concepts. A folk tale is an ancient cultural heritage, which, albeit in an embellished form, has preserved the idea of ​​​​ancestors about the relationship between the surrounding world (nature) and man. Here, the line between evil and good is clearly delineated, the basic laws of morality and the moral principles of human society are reflected, and bright features of national identity, beliefs and way of life are demonstrated. Fairy tales, called folk tales, have their own classification:

• Magic ("Magic Ring", "Two Frosts", "Frost").
• Epics ("Bulat-well done", "Vavila and buffoons", "Dobrynya and the Serpent").
• Household ("Poor Master and Servant", "Thieves and Judge", "Expensive Lunch").
• Bogatyrsky ("Ivan - a peasant son and Miracle Yudo", "Ivan - a cow's son", "Nikita Kozhemyaka").
• Satirical ("Good pop", "Fool and birch", "Porridge from an ax").

A separate niche in the presented classification is occupied by animals ("Geese-swans", "Goat-Dereza", "Masha and the Bear"). Experts associate their occurrence with ancient pagan rituals and beliefs.

literary tales

When comparing folk and literary fairy tales, it is worth considering that the latter arose much later than the first. Thanks to the introduction of enlightening ideas into European literature, in the 18th century, the first author's readings and adaptations of folklore legends appeared, and already in the 19th century, traditional fairy tale plots began to be widely used by writers. Among the most successful in this field are A. Hoffmann, C. Perrot, G. H. Andersen and, of course, the Grimm brothers - recognized classics of the genre.

The similarities between literary and folk tales are determined by the fact that folklore motifs are repeated in both, magical attributes are necessarily present, but in the literary development of the plot, the choice of the main characters is strictly subject to the author's will. Also, from the second half of the 19th century, the literary fairy tale becomes very close to short stories and even stories. A striking example is the works of Russian writers: L. Tolstoy and A. Pogorelsky, and European: S. Lagerlef, and L. Carroll.

General. Folk traditions

Comparing the features of folk and literary fairy tales, one should pay special attention to the folklore traditions of the author's fairy tale, which combine it with the folk one:

• Writers use folklore plot motifs in their works (moral and moral temptation - the test of the protagonist, the presence of helper animals, the miraculous origin of the characters, hatred of the stepmother's stepdaughter, etc.).
• According to the respected Russian folklorist V. Ya. Propp, writers use traditional, familiar from childhood images of central characters who perform certain functions (antagonist, protagonist, assistant to the protagonist, donor, pest-prankster, stolen object, false hero).
• In their creation, storytellers create time and space in accordance with the unwritten laws of the fairy-tale folklore world: a place is fantastic, sometimes indefinite: a distant kingdom, a dilapidated dugout, etc.
• Using the techniques of poetic speech: triple repetitions, constant epithets, verbal formulas, vernacular, proverbs and sayings, phraseological units.

Such close attention to folklore sources allows us to see the appeal of fairy tale writers to them and the specifics of a literary fairy tale.

Differences

To understand how a folk tale differs from a literary one, it is worth paying attention to the originality of form and content, namely:

• In the author's fairy tale, figurativeness is more clearly expressed, that is, the appearance, emotions of the characters, the scene and events are described in more detail, in detail and, most importantly, colorfully.
• In a literary fairy tale there is psychologism, a more in-depth and detailed study of the inner world, feelings and emotions of the characters.
• The characters of the author's legend are not generalized types, they have unique individual ones. For example, such writers as Ershov, Pushkin, Odoevsky pay attention to the psychological motives of the characters' actions and actions.
• Like any literary work, writers' fairy tales are characterized by a pronounced stable character that determines its emotional tone. For example: "The Tale of Tsar Saltan ..." - pure, bright, noble; "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs" - graceful, tender, sad; "The Tale of the Priest and his worker Balda" - jokey, mocking; "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish" is ironic, but sad.

How is a folk tale different from a literary one? The fact that the author's work allows the reader to recognize the author's face, his spiritual world, passions, etc. This is the fundamental difference between a folklore legend, in which the ideals of an ethnic group are displayed, and the personality of a particular narrator is erased.

Briefly about the main

So, what is the difference between a folk tale and a literary one? The latter is an author's work, unlike the former, which appeared as a result of collective creativity as an epic subgenre. Literary legend is a well-established recognized genre of fiction, and folk is a special kind of folklore genre, the characteristic of which is oral retelling.

Favorite literary genre of kids

Literary tales are one of the most revered literary genres among children. Even the school reading program contains the works of such writers. S. Pushkin, V.F. Odoevsky, P.P. Ershova, V.A. Zhukovsky, which are included in the golden fund of Russian and world literature for children. Reading them contributes to the early formation of the moral and aesthetic ideas of the children, develops their literary outlook and general culture. But most importantly, such works contribute to the development of creative abilities, imagination and unconventional thinking of the young reader.