To carry out modern renovations, before decorating the ceiling surface, it must be made as smooth as possible. One of the leveling methods is to plaster the ceiling. The technology used is not overly complex, but requires care. You can do this work yourself if you wish.

Methods for leveling ceilings

In practice, one of two technologies is used - plastering the ceiling using beacons and without using them. The first option is considered correct, since then a ceiling surface lying in the same plane is obtained.

But sometimes you can find a ceiling that has a large difference in height. It is dangerous to apply a 5-centimeter layer of plaster on the surface, as it will most likely fall off. Even if you apply several coats of primer, there is no guarantee that the finish will hold.

In cases where the ceilings have a large curvature, experts advise leveling them by installing suspended ceilings. ceiling structures from plasterboard. True, not in all rooms the height allows you to take 10 centimeters from her. In such a situation, there is no doubt whether it is necessary to plaster the ceiling using beacons.

The essence of this technology is that in a certain area the ceiling surface will become smooth. There will not be too noticeable changes on it, it will look even. And the fact that the distance to flooring in different corners it differs by a couple of centimeters, it is impossible to determine “by eye”.

The main task that should be solved when using this technology is to make the junction of the ceiling and the walls as even as possible. The resulting line should be straight. When using this option, you need to start plastering in the direction from the walls to the center.

Materials

Before starting repairs, you need to decide how best to plaster the ceiling. You can use standard cement-sand mortar or add lime to it. It is better to apply the plaster in a small layer. This mixture turns out to be inexpensive, despite this, it is used infrequently recently, since it can fall off or become cracked.

Instead of conventional mortar, it is better to use polymer-based plasters, since they have strong adhesion and are less likely to crack. But these compositions have a drawback - high cost. Many home craftsmen prefer modern mixtures, so as not to have to redo the work later when the applied layer falls off.

When choosing plaster for the ceiling, it doesn’t hurt to use the recommendations of experts:

1. When plastering smooth surfaces of ceilings and walls, the Knauf Rotband mixture, which has a white or gray color, has worked well. It can be applied in a layer of 5 to 50 millimeters. Polymers are added to this gypsum ceiling plaster.
2. To restore old plastered surfaces, including facades, the Knauf Sevener plaster-adhesive mixture is suitable gray. Consists of Portland cement, reinforcing fibers and polymer additives.
3. If you are going to use the compositions in rooms with normal humidity levels, you can purchase Bergauf Bau Interier or Volma-Canvas.

If you have insufficient experience in carrying out such work, when deciding which plaster to choose for the ceiling, you should pay attention to the time it takes for the mixed mixture to harden. During this period, it is necessary not only to apply the solution, but also to level it, since then it loses its elasticity.

Of the above-mentioned plaster compositions, Volma-Holst, made from gypsum with biological and mineral additives, has the longest time period for using the mixture. But not all craftsmen like to work with this plaster; they use TM Knauf materials, despite the fact that they harden in 50 - 60 minutes. True, this is quite enough, even if there is no relevant experience.

Application of primer

There is a certain technology on how to properly plaster a ceiling.
A high-quality result will not be achieved without careful application of the primer. It helps improve adhesion between the base and the solution used.

Typically, problems with plaster peeling occur because the surface has not been primed. For this reason, it is better not to skip this stage. If the plaster is applied in several layers, each of them should be treated with a primer, and only if it is completely dry.

First of all, the base is cleaned of old materials and then primed. The composition is poured into a painting tray, a roller with a long handle is taken and the composition is distributed over the ceiling surface. If there are various defects on it in the form of recesses and depressions into which the roller does not fit, they are treated in advance with a brush dipped in the primer mixture.

According to experts, best primer for the ceiling is “Betonokontakt” from the Knauf company. A day after its application, it dries, after which a sticky, rough film forms on the surface. The putty adheres much better to this coating.

The main thing is to ensure that dust does not get on the primer while it dries. Otherwise, such processing will not have the desired effect.

Sealing slab joints

The main problem that arises when it is necessary to plaster a ceiling made of reinforced concrete slabs is sealing joints and rustications. The recesses in the places where the slabs join must be eliminated several days before plastering the entire ceiling surface, since the materials must set.

First, everything that is possible is removed from the docking areas. Then the recesses are cleaned of dust and sand. Then the joints are treated with a primer, it is better to use “Betonokontakt”. After its application, the likelihood of peeling off the plaster is reduced several times. As a last resort, you can use another deep penetration impregnation, but the result will not be the same.

When the impregnation dries after a day, begin laying the solution. If it is necessary to obtain a putty thickness of more than 30 - 35 millimeters, it is advisable to apply the mixture in two layers. After laying the first of them, you need to form a relief using a notched trowel. After the solution has dried, which takes about 24 hours, a second layer is laid, which is leveled with the ceiling.

If a thick layer of plaster is to be applied, it is better to reinforce the joints of the slabs with painting mesh. It will prevent the appearance of cracks in the event of seasonal movements of the slabs. The mesh is not nailed to the ceiling, but attached to the composition. In this case, when the first layer of plaster is applied, a polymer mesh is laid, passed over it with a spatula, deepening it into the mixture and at the same time forming a relief for the next portion of the solution.

It happens that the crack in the seam is too deep and it is impossible to eliminate it in this way. Then it is treated with “Betonokontakt”.

1. Sealing with polyurethane foam. Its amount should be about 1/3 of the volume of the gap, the walls of which are moistened with water to polymerize the foam. A day later, a primer is applied and plastered in two to three layers.
2. The rags are moistened with Betonokontak and hammered into the gap. Leave for 24 hours and plaster over.

To seal the joints of slabs on the ceiling surface, use a composition with polymer additives or high-quality tile adhesive.

Features of applying plaster on beacons

If you have the skills to prepare the surface of the walls, then the job will be easier to cope with. The fact is that plastering walls and ceilings has a lot in common, although there are still differences. The most difficult thing about this is the need to keep your arms raised up. They get tired quickly, as does the neck, because you have to throw your head back.

Preparatory stage

Before plastering the ceiling with your own hands, its surface is cleaned of old materials down to the concrete base. Then remove dust using construction vacuum cleaner. If there is no such device, then use a large brush to remove sand and debris.

If the ceiling is made of reinforced concrete slabs and there are large rusts in it, they need to be repaired. When the solution has dried on them, a primer is applied to the clean base. After a day you can continue working.

Beacon installation process

The first thing they do when plastering the ceiling on beacons is to install them. But first, the minimum and maximum height difference is determined using a special laser device - a level. The plane builder is placed under the ceiling and switched to horizontal scanning.

Then the distance from the ceiling surface to the luminous beam is measured at several points. As a result, the maximum and minimum deviation values ​​are determined. The plaster is laid in a layer whose thickness exceeds the largest deviation.

The same operation can be performed using a water level, but it will be much more difficult:

• first, at an arbitrary distance from the floor, a horizontal line is drawn on the walls around the perimeter of the room;
• one end of the level is fixed at this mark;
• with the second, they walk around the room to measure the distance between the water column in the level and the ceiling, thus determining the minimum and maximum points.

After the layer size is determined, beacons are selected - perforated
galvanized slats with protruding backs. They will become the supports for leveling the solution. The height of such a backrest can be 6 and 10 millimeters. You need to select products for which this value exceeds the maximum deviation.

The beacons are set in increments slightly smaller than the length of the rule - a tool for leveling and cutting the mortar. When its length is 1.5 meters, then the planks are placed at intervals of 1.1 - 1.3 meters. First, they retreat 20–30 centimeters from the walls and install the outer beacons. The remaining distance is divided so that the interval between the slats is within the specified parameter.

To attach the beacons, use a gypsum solution, mixing it thickly. Small handfuls of this mixture are applied along the plank placement line. Beacons are pressed into them, placing their backs in the desired plane. If there is a level, the beam from it should slide along them.

When the work is done using a water level, the line of the ceiling surface is transferred to the walls and several laces are pulled so that they are directed along the beacons. According to this marking, the backs are set. After installing all the beacons, the plane is checked using a rule with a bubble level installed on it.

After a few hours, when the plaster has set, they begin the final stage of work, having previously decided how to plaster the concrete ceiling.

Applying plaster

For further work, you need stable construction sawhorses, and the tools you need are a spatula and a platform with a handle (falcon). Selected plaster composition diluted according to instructions. It is necessary that the solution is homogeneous, without lumps.

The putty is spread on the falcon and placed on the ceiling in small portions using a spatula. The solution is used to fill the distance between the beacons. First, the width of the strip is made from 50 to 60 centimeters, and there is no need to achieve a uniform surface.

Then they take the rule, rest it on the beacons and move it towards themselves, swinging it from one side to the other. As a result, a little solution remains on it. It is removed with a spatula and applied to the ceiling - to its unfilled part or where there are holes. Then the rule is moved again.

These steps are repeated until the surface area becomes level. Then they fill in the second lane and so on. The ceiling is allowed to dry for 5 – 8 hours. When the solution has set, but has not yet completely dried, you need to remove the beacons, otherwise they will rust and rusty stains may appear on the surface.

The rustics after the planks are filled with mortar and leveled with a wide spatula to the same level as the ceiling plane. It takes about 5 – 7 days for the plaster to dry completely.

How to repair a ceiling? This question is often asked by owners of houses and apartments who plan to renovate their premises on their own. There are a lot of finishing methods, so choosing the right option is difficult. The ceiling finishing problem can be solved by installing suspended structure or installation stretch ceiling. If you do not want the ceiling height to become smaller, it is best to give preference to traditional technologies.

Of course, plastering work today is not chosen as often as it was before, and there are several reasons for this.

1. Finishing the ceiling is a rather complex process. A person who has no experience in construction industry and has not been trained and is unable to perform quality work. But to carry out the installation plasterboard ceiling maybe even a novice builder, although the quality of the installation remains in doubt.
2. Plastering the ceiling is one of the jobs that can be called dirty. Craftsmen use liquid solutions when finishing. When applied to a surface, splashes can stain clothing, hands and face. The solution often ends up on the floor and walls.
3. Some houses have very uneven ceilings. If the height difference is large, then be prepared to spend a lot on leveling materials.
4. You can do all the work on your own, but if you don’t have the skills, you can’t do without the help of specialists.

What to pay attention to

Plastering a ceiling is a renovation process consisting of a number of stages. If you do not want to be disappointed as a result of plastering work, then you must take into account all the nuances. Preparation is very important, and the plastering process itself must be carried out in strict accordance with technology.

Start by carefully inspecting the ceiling. You must choose the best way repairs, taking into account the recommendations of specialists. Please pay attention to the following points.

1. If the ceiling is uneven, the height differences at different points are more than 5 mm, then it is better to choose putty rather than plaster. The fact is that plastering such a surface will require large financial costs.
2. If the height difference is more significant, for example, when the difference between two points reaches 5 cm, you should not choose plastering. The easiest way is to choose tension structure or install a suspended ceiling.

If you examine the ceilings in rooms, most often a small difference is recorded. It makes sense to use plaster if it is from 2 to 5 cm. Remember that plastering is a rather complex process. As the layer thickness increases, you will have to spend more time and effort on the work.

How to prepare a ceiling for plastering

The easiest way to make repairs is if you bought a room in a newly built house. Plaster reinforced concrete slab in a new building you can do it in a short period of time. But most often situations arise when it is necessary to repair the ceiling after numerous paintings.

Plaster prices

plaster

The work is complicated by the fact that in most cases you have to deal with mold and large differences. In addition, to form a flat ceiling it is necessary to remove deep cracks, which can often be observed between the plates. It is impossible to make the ceiling level if you see that the old plaster has chipped or is crumbling. All of the above shortcomings need to be eliminated; only after that does it make sense to begin repair work.

Table. Removing old plaster.

Steps, illustrations	Description of actions
	First you need to wet the ceiling well with water. Once done, wait 2 or 3 hours and then wet again. This method is very effective. Firstly, you will remove dust from the surface and it will be comfortable to work with. Secondly, the old plaster will soften well.
	Take a hard spatula and use it to remove old plaster, carefully scraping it from the surface. Remove the plaster until the concrete floor appears. If the plaster does not come off easily, use a hammer drill. Special attention pay attention to the seams between the plates.
	Rinse the ceiling thoroughly. This can be done with a sponge, which must first be moistened in water. This will effectively remove dust remaining from lime or cement.
	Allow time for the ceiling to dry. Buy an antiseptic solution and apply it to the surface - this will remove the fungus and prevent the appearance of mold. The antiseptic should be poured into a separate container. To apply it to the surface, buy foam roller. When renovating, many property owners apply antiseptic only to the affected areas. But experts recommend treating the entire ceiling with an antiseptic solution. The cost of purchasing an antiseptic is minimal, and the effect of its use is long-lasting. It is best to use an antiseptic primer.
	After applying the antiseptic solution, wait until the ceiling is completely dry. After this, apply primer. Choose one that penetrates deep into the pores. This material has excellent adhesion, significantly strengthening the surface.

How to choose the right materials

Modern plastering methods have nothing in common with the old ones used previously. Back then, builders preferred mixtures of sand and lime. It was difficult to work with such solutions; labor costs were very high. Only experienced craftsmen could plaster the ceiling with high quality.

Nowadays everything has changed. Manufacturers offer gypsum solutions that have significant advantages.

1. Such plaster solutions rarely form cracks and are not afraid of shrinkage of the building.
2. It doesn't matter what surface you are going to apply the plaster on. Adhesion is strong, this is very important if a beginner is doing plastering.
3. The material is environmentally friendly and has no impact on health. You can safely use gypsum solutions when repairing the ceiling in a children's room.

Primer and gypsum plaster for interior works"Knauf Rotband"

You can buy the solution at specialty store, product prices are affordable. All mixtures are supplied to the market in ready-made form; you just need to add water, maintaining the proportion.

Prices for Knauf Rotband plaster

plaster "Knauf Rotband"

Table. Compound various solutions for plastering.

How to install beacons

To ensure that the surface is perfectly smooth, install special beacons. With their help you can easily determine horizontality. It is the installation of profiles that guarantees that the ceiling will be without changes and the quality of the surface will be high. Today you will find perforated metal profiles on sale.

The installation of beacons is carried out in stages.

First, determine where in the room the ceiling is lowest. Measure the height carefully to find out the distance from the floor to the ceiling. Determine the lowest angle - this will be the starting point. Install laser level, with which you determine the horizontal.

After this, install the profiles; they need to be placed on the ceiling near the walls, mounted on opposite sides. Use gypsum plaster to secure the profiles in place. It is best applied with slaps. Wait a little, and then pull the thread between the two profiles. Make several rows - this way you will get a new plane.

The next step consists of installing intermediate beacons. They need to be mounted with a certain pitch (from 20 cm to 180 cm). Many people are interested in why it is necessary to set aside no more than 180 cm? The fact is that the largest rule comes in a length of 2 meters. The remaining 20 cm can be considered a reserve. This way you can easily cover the distance between two lighthouses located next door.

How to apply the solution to the surface

Buy ready-made mixture. Add water to it, following the manufacturer's instructions. Please note that it is the mixture that is added to the water, and not vice versa. To stir the mixture, it is recommended to use a special construction mixer. If you don't have it, you can take it a regular drill, but in this case you will need a mixer attachment.

The plastering solution should be applied to the space between the beacons. The easiest way to work is with a spatula; choose a product of medium length. Repeat the procedure as many times as necessary until the surface is completely filled. It is recommended to ensure that there is a slight excess of leveling material. It is very good when it protrudes a little beyond the beacons. Subsequently, you can remove the excess using the rule. To do this, move it in a zigzag manner, moving it towards you.

You should not make a layer thicker than 2 cm. If the height difference is more pronounced, then it is best to apply the mixture in 2 layers. After you apply the first coat, wait. The plaster must be completely dry. Only after this can you begin to re-apply the solution.

If you want to increase the strength of the plaster and ensure that it does not peel off, then you need to put a mesh between the layers. It is placed after applying the first layer of solution, without waiting for it to dry.

When laying synthetic mesh, pay attention to the junction of two strips. Place the material so that an overlap of 10 cm wide is formed.

Then, when the solution dries, remove the beacons, and fill the voids remaining in their place with the same solution.

Leveling the surface

After the gypsum solution has dried, you can begin the final stage. It consists of carefully polishing the ceiling, without which the surface will not be perfectly flat. After this, you need to apply another type of plaster, which is called finishing.

This material is consumed minimally, because the mixture must be applied in a very thin layer. To level the surface, use sandpaper. Buy sheets with a fine fraction; the grinding process will not require much effort. Cover the finished ceiling with primer.

Prices for finishing plaster

finishing plaster

What to pay attention to

Many craftsmen suggest using Venetian plaster to decorate the ceiling. But the mixture should not be used for finishing surfaces in the toilet and bathroom. The fact is that if even a small amount of water gets in, such plaster will be damaged. The coating will have to be completely redone.

Prices for Venetian plaster

Venetian plaster

Video - How to plaster a ceiling correctly

If you decide to level the ceiling without lowering its level, then ceiling plaster is what you need. It must be admitted that plastering is a long and labor-intensive process, but quality work done will please the owners for a long time.

Having become familiar with the technology of plastering the ceiling, you will be able to carry out the preparation and the entire range of work yourself without the participation of assistants. By and large, plastering a ceiling is technologically not much different from plastering walls. The set of tools and materials is exactly the same.

Let's take a closer look at how to plaster the ceiling on your own. To be more precise, ceiling plaster on beacons will be presented below.

Materials

In modern construction, plaster is increasingly used. They are gradually replacing traditional sand-cement-lime mortars.

New materials are very plastic and practically do not shrink after setting and drying. This eliminates the appearance of cracks in the plaster. All this provides quite simple technology ceiling plaster with modern mixtures.

Important to know! If the surface has wide cracks or the joints between the slabs are very deep, then it is recommended to pre-seal them with a more plastic material. polymer mixture and also stick on a polymer reinforcing mesh.

To complete the work you will need the following materials:

• Universal deep penetrating primer
• Ceiling plaster Rotband (manufacturer KNAUF)
• Plaster galvanized beacons 6 mm high, 2.5 m long
• Construction gypsum

Deep penetration primer has a consumption of 200-300 g/sq.m. It is produced in canisters of 1 l, 5 l, 10 l.

Rotband plaster mixture is sold in any store building materials. It is exceptionally suitable for leveling walls in cases where it is necessary to create a perfectly flat surface.

The minimum thickness of the applied layer of such a mixture is 5 mm, and the maximum is up to 50 mm. The solution consumption is 8.5 kg per 1 sq.m. The drying time is usually 7 days, but it also depends on the temperature and humidity conditions in the room.

Pay attention! The prepared rotband plaster solution has a shelf life of no more than 25 minutes. Therefore, prepare as much solution as you can apply in this time interval.

Rotband KNAUF dry plaster mix is ​​sold in bags weighing 30 kg. The shelf life of the material is 6 months, so when purchasing material, carefully look at the date of its manufacture.

Rotband has a very interesting property - when correct application the mixture completely seals the cracks and microcracks of the old ceiling. This creates a lock for infiltrating water from flooding from neighbors above.

It is also important that when plastering the ceiling with a rotband is used, you can eliminate such a stage of work as puttying the plastered surface. This is both plaster and putty in one bottle.

Construction gypsum is used for installing plaster beacons on the ceiling. This is the so-called “freezing” of the slats.

Ceiling Plaster Tools

For plastering you will need the following set of tools:

• Hydro level or laser level
• Cord to indicate the thickness of the layer of applied plaster mixture
• Dowel-nails
• Impact drill and concrete drill
• Drill attachment (whisk) for mixing the solution
• Wide roller or brush (paint brush)
• Wide container for primer
• Container for preparing plaster mortar
• Trapezoidal rule 2 m (preferably with a spirit level)
• Narrow metal spatula
• Mason's trowel (trowel)
• Sponge plaster float

Preparing the surface of an existing ceiling

Before starting work, all old whitewash, paint or wallpaper must be thoroughly washed off. Regular whitewash is washed off with water and a brush, and the moving parts of the old plaster are removed with a spatula.

The cracks and cracks are opened (widened with a trowel or spatula). After this, the surface of the ceiling is treated with a primer and allowed to dry thoroughly.

For marking horizontal surface Ceilings use a laser or hydraulic level. The upper and lower points of the ceiling are determined and marks are made on the walls along the perimeter of the ceiling.

A cord (lace) is pulled along the marks on the walls. In the future, the lace will help you navigate when installing beacons and applying plaster to the ceiling.

Parallel lines are drawn on the ceiling along which the beacons will be installed. The first line is drawn at a distance of 300 mm from the wall. The second line is applied in such a way that the 2-meter rule applied perpendicular to them overlaps them with its edges by at least 150-200 mm.

Installation of beacons

The first beacon must be installed no more than 300 mm from the wall. To do this, build plaster is diluted in a small container to a thick consistency (as they say, “a spoon should stand in it”). The resulting solution is applied with slaps along a line parallel to the wall using a trowel or narrow spatula.

The interval between spanks is 300 mm. After applying the gypsum, the first 6 mm plaster strip (beacon) is attached to it.

Using a level and focusing on the string, set the beacon in a strictly horizontal plane. Thus, all beacons are installed, constantly checking with the rule that they lie in the same horizontal plane. When the beacons are installed, it takes time for the plaster to firmly set and freeze the slats (about a day). After this, you can begin applying plaster.

IN plastic container poured tap water at the rate of 18 liters of water per 30 kg of plaster mixture. Add 7 trowels of dry mixture to the water and mix thoroughly. After this, pour the entire mixture from the bag into a container and mix with a drill with an attachment until a homogeneous mass without lumps is obtained.

The solution is allowed to brew for 5 minutes and stirred again. Important to remember! It is prohibited to add water or dry mixture to the finished mixture during operation.

Applying plaster to the ceiling

The solution is poured onto the section of the ceiling between the wall and the first plaster strip. To do this, use a small spatula from a container to apply the solution onto a rectangular trowel and, using rubbing movements, apply the plaster to the ceiling from the corner. Master having great experience work, throws the mortar from a rectangular trowel onto the ceiling with a trowel (spatula).

After the plaster along the ceiling beacons is applied to the area (approximately 45-60 minutes after application), it is stretched from the wall towards itself with a rule, placing it perpendicular to the first and second beacons. Excess mortar is removed with a spatula into a container with plaster. The process is reminiscent of installing a cement-sand screed on lighthouses. Plastering walls and ceilings are similar in many ways as they have many common operations

When the plastering of the first section is completed, move on to the second. This continues until the entire surface of the ceiling is plastered. If the ceiling is being prepared for painting or wallpapering, then after a short period of time (15-20 minutes) the surface is rubbed with a sponge plaster float soaked in water. Grouting is done in a circular motion over the entire surface of the ceiling.

This will finally remove marks from the screed and smooth out the surface of the ceiling. Now you know how to properly plaster the ceiling in an apartment or country house. The video below will help you get acquainted with the process of plastering the ceiling in more detail.

An important element Creating warmth and comfort of any home is the ceiling. It is attached to it beautiful chandelier emitting soft light. You can make the ceiling surface of an apartment or house elegant, solemn, and stylish using various construction techniques and finishing methods.

Peculiarities

With modern options for choosing building materials Ceiling surface repairs can be carried out in different ways:

• it can be whitewashed;
• paint;
• make it hanging;
• prepare for laying tiles;
• stick wallpaper.

Any of these finishing options, each of which has its own pros and cons, is preceded by processes such as priming and plastering.

First, preparatory work is carried out

In a newly built house or apartment with concrete ceilings plastering begins with preparing the base. It is best to make the ceiling surface rough. To do this, apply a notch along the entire perimeter special tools or manually (using an ax).

After exposure in this way, notches remain on the surface of the ceiling., which will allow the plaster to adhere better in the future. After completing the priming work, you can begin surface treatment. cement mortar. They seal the ceiling part of the floor slabs.

An important factor to consider is the humidity in the room (no more than 30%).

In case of non-compliance with this parameter, as well as when applying cement plaster in another temperature conditions there will be a possibility of its poor fixation.

When we're talking about about an apartment or house in which they lived for a long period of time, then, starting plastering work, must be dismantled old surface(remove layers of paint, wallpaper and other materials). This process takes longer and requires labor.

The lime can be wetted with water and then removed with a spatula. old water-based paint, for example, is removed with a solution of iodine and water. For 1 bucket of water use a bottle (bottle) of iodine composition. If there was fungus on the ceiling, you can remove it by moistening the base with a composition of copper sulfate and water (5 grams of mixture are used per 1 liter of water).

Whitewashed ceilings and covered lime mortar soaked in water, then use a spatula to remove the old layers. After dismantling, the surfaces are thoroughly washed off with water and given time to dry.

In a building with a wooden ceiling, work on plastering the ceiling surfaces begins with preliminary filling of a mesh of metal or shingles (shingles) onto it. These auxiliary materials will help the applied layer of plaster to adhere tightly to the ceiling in the future.

The ceiling lined with plasterboard slabs must be cleaned of dirt. An important point is that there is no need to install beacons.

A primer is applied to the dried surface at the joints of the plates (where the seams are). Such points are processed most carefully.

The points where the sheets are connected to each other (screws are screwed in) are tightened more tightly or a special tape is used. All protruding parts are pasted over with it, then the seams and irregularities are smoothed out during the puttying process.

After the primer layer has dried, the ceiling is puttied, and thus prepared for painting or wallpapering.

Drywall should be plastered if its surface is very moisture resistant.

When the sheets do not have such a quality characteristic, it is best not to carry out the plastering process.

If necessary, pasting a plasterboard ceiling thin wallpaper It is possible to pre-plaster it. This is done so that the gypsum boards are not visible through the wallpaper.

What to plaster with?

Before you begin the process of plastering the ceiling surface with your own hands, you need to select a primer and putty.

For different types ceilings (concrete, wood, plasterboard) will require special mixtures and solution compositions for processing.

The following solutions are used for plastering ceilings and walls:

• plaster;
• sand-cement composition;
• lime;
• silk plaster mortar;
• a mixture of foam chips;
• decorative plaster;
• polymer mixture.

Blend selection

The modern construction industry offers a wide range of solutions and compositions for finishing ceilings.

Which one to choose for plastering in the best way can be found out by reading its quality characteristics. Finish plaster is applied different solutions depending on the ceiling base.

The gypsum composition can be used for plastering work.

Its feature is its ability to withstand mechanical damage well. The ceiling will not crack after treatment with this mixture.

Polymer acrylic plaster is considered a universal mixture. It can be used for any reason. It is moisture resistant and durable.

Decorative plaster is divided into textured, relief, flock, terrazite, and structural mixtures.

All of them are compositions that create volumetric view ceiling surfaces:

• Structural plaster contains wood fibers.
• The relief composition contains synthetic fibers and particles of marble dust.

• The textured solution consists of various additives and can have different compositions.
• The terrazite mixture is made on the basis of cement. Marble chips, mica and glass are added to it.
• Flocks are acrylic flakes of different sizes and colors. In combination with each other they create an extraordinary color scheme. After applying this plaster, varnish is used as a final finish.

Cement compositions include sand and lime additions. They are not considered particularly durable, because over time, damage from mechanical stress is possible. Cracks also appear in the ceiling.

Among the new mixtures often used recently, a special place is given to the new composition. The sand in the cement mortar is replaced with foam chips. The plastering solution is considered an insulating mixture. It also includes such components as pumice powder, foam granules, and perlite sand.

Foam chips non-toxic, absorbs sound well and has high thermal insulation. The material is fireproof and can withstand high sub-zero and plus temperatures.

The ceiling is very well leveled with a solution filled with foam chips.

Silk plaster consists of silk fibers. It also contains cellulose, glue and a number of additives that make the composition durable. These components make the putty porous, increasing sound insulation. Its qualities help retain heat, which can evaporate through a cold ceiling.

The mixture must be diluted with water, the result is a creamy composition. It is the type of its density that, when applied to the ceiling and walls, forms a layer that allows you to reliably hide defects and depressions. The result lives up to expectations. The surface is solid, without seams or joints. It is good to cover with this plaster concrete bases, after application, completely flat and smooth ceilings are obtained.

Tools for work

Speaking about tools and devices for work, it should be noted that putty is carried out using metal spatulas (of different widths), brushes, and rollers.

You will need a plaster mixture, a container of water, a trowel, a drill with an attachment or a mixer, a sanding float, and glue.

It is advisable to use a protective mask and goggles to prevent contact with eyes and respiratory tract layers of old materials to be dismantled. For drywall you will need a primer and putty.

How to install beacons?

In order to properly make the ceiling surface perfectly smooth and beautiful after plastering, auxiliary materials called beacons (beacons) are installed. The process of working with ceiling bases is labor intensive. Each centimeter of thickness is applied with an additional layer of solution. Using beacons, this process can be reduced to a minimum.

They are attached to the ceiling base in such a way that the tops of these materials form a common, very flat plane. Beacons are made using different material. These can be wooden slats, metal profiles in the shape of the letter “T”, strips of plaster mortar.

The most time-consuming of the three methods is creating beacons from plaster.

They make stripes along the ceiling, acting as guides. The entire base of the ceiling is then leveled using them.

Making strips takes a fairly long period of time, but the advantage of the work is that upon completion of the work there is no need to remove such materials from the ceiling and seal the places where they were attached.

An advantage is the ability to make beacons of any height, since plaster is used as a raw material for their production.

T-shaped metal profiles are often used to apply plaster to a ceiling base up to 1 cm thick. If it is necessary to create a thicker layer, a solution is placed under the beacons, thus allowing the required height to be achieved. It is easy to work with such profiles, but when applying a thick layer to the ceiling, the process of setting the beacons to the same height takes a lot of time.

Wooden slats You can also level the ceiling. But wood absorbs moisture in large volumes, so before work it is best to keep the slats in water so that when they dry, they do not change their size and thickness.

Convenient is their ease of installation and use.

Any type of beacons selected for installation on the ceiling in the bathroom, kitchen or living rooms, precedes the process of marking it. The methods for installing beacons for ceilings and walls are similar.

Step-by-step instructions for installing beacons

First you need to check the ceiling surface with a level or tapping thread. Determine the lowest point on the ceiling and make a mark (using painter's cord). From this point the installation of beacons begins.

Using masking tape, mark the ceiling on a line. Next, use a level (including a laser) to check the angles between the lines so that they are strictly 90 degrees. Then the slats (beacons) are attached to the guide lines using screws.

The distance between the rows of slats should be no more than 20 cm. The screws are leveled so that after work the ceiling base can cover all defects and problem areas (protrusions, depressions). Where the lowest point of the ceiling surface was, the lighthouse is raised to maximum height, thereby aligning it with other lighthouses around the entire perimeter. As a rule, it is better to use a steel lath with a length of 60 cm to 1 m 40 cm. When plastering, it will move along the beacons over the entire area of ​​the ceiling.

Preparation for further work ends here. Those interested can watch the video.

Applying plaster

Before plastering different ceilings You must remember to prime any of them.

After the primer has dried, you can begin installing the beacons and the plastering process. For different types ceilings (wooden, plasterboard boards, concrete) a special plaster mixture is used.

The technology of work is not particularly complicated. Initially, a solution or putty is prepared.

To make the mixture very plastic, it is customary to add PVA glue to it. Applying such a solution to the ceiling will ensure its quick setting and strong fixation on the surface. Whatever the thickness of the plaster layer, such a solution will not allow the ceiling to crack or crumble in the future.

Using a special mixer, make a mixture of water and PVA glue, gradually adding plaster to this liquid. Mix everything until a homogeneous mass is obtained.

The resulting solution is applied to the ceiling using a spatula. Application is done in large blobs; you need to make sure that they are next to each other. Fill all the voids and recesses with mortar, and then take a rule rail and run it along the beacons, as if on rails.

The result is a smooth fabric. In places where the plaster is superfluous, it is removed with a spatula.

In this way, the solution is poured, and a lath is drawn over it like a ruler, leveling the ceiling surface. After the entire ceiling is covered, the solution is given time to set for about 30 - 40 minutes and then they take the lath again - as a rule - and cut off all the protrusions and irregularities over the entire area. At the same moment, the beacons are taken out, and the places where they were attached are smoothly sealed with mortar. When this stage of work is completed, the solution is given time to completely dry, and after that the plastered surface should be treated with water. After washing, it is rubbed (smoothed) with a spatula. This completes the work on plastering the ceiling surfaces.

Plastering the ceiling, like other types of finishing, requires careful preparation surfaces. This is done regardless of the finishing method:

• traditional, with wet plastering;
• dry, using sheet material.

Both methods end with applying final layer of plaster. The choice of material depends on the work to be done: ceiling repair, leveling concrete slab, ceiling finishing with decorative plaster.

This finishing method is suitable for rooms with high ceilings and creates space for hidden engineering systems: ventilation ducts, cable channels. GKL joints and sheets are puttied with a thin layer of finishing plaster, then the surface is painted or covered with wallpaper.

Traditional way wet plaster known since antiquity. A wooden slatted frame (shingles) was prepared. Then 3 layers of putty were applied with a lime mixture:

1. Approximately 8 mm (3/8 inch) thick was applied through the gaps between the battens to achieve a strong bond to the battens.
2. The so-called floating coating is about 6 mm (1/4 inch) to achieve a smooth surface of the last layer.
3. The last (installation or finishing) was about 3 mm (1/8 inch) under the trim for decoration.

Traditionally, the first and second layers were usually a 1:3 mixture of lime cleaning paste and quartz sand. Animal wool was mixed as a binding additive. The third layer is lime paste on its own or 3:1 for a thin sand mixture.

Modern gypsum plasters much harder and more brittle than the traditional lime paste used in older designs. This must be taken into account when reconstructing buildings.

Apartment buildings have concrete ceilings. Their finishing consists of sealing the joints of the panels followed by plastering. This method has advantages:

• room space is preserved;
• fire safety is ensured;
• possibility of timely elimination of defects;
• the possibility of creating designer decorative stucco moldings.

The construction market has dry plaster mixtures on a cement, lime, gypsum basis. There are decorative plaster mixtures. Their composition includes additives that increase strength characteristics, reduce setting time, and improve water resistance. The main thing is ease of use.

The packaging or attached instructions indicate the amount of water added, the mixture consumption at a certain layer thickness per square meter, the technology of preparation and application to the surface. To plaster the ceiling with your own hands, buy a hand tool.

You will also need: a construction knife, a soft sponge, sandpaper of different grain sizes, a hammer, grout, usually a smooth comb, building level, container for mixing the mixture, mixer. We will familiarize ourselves with other tools while performing the work.

Attention! Plastering the ceiling with your own hands is best done on a fairly flat ceiling with a slight difference in height. Applying plaster to the ceiling of a thick leveling layer is carried out along the beacons. This kind of work requires skill.

Selecting the type of plaster. Repair of concrete surfaces: sealing seams, cracks, chips - done with ceiling plaster cement mortar. Inexpensive dry mix will do "MikCity Tsemosloy". In terms of technical characteristics, it is not inferior to expensive gypsum-based mixtures. The use time is 4 hours, which allows you to mix large volumes and plaster large areas.

You can plaster the ceiling with gypsum plaster, but you need to work with it quickly.

Attention! Dry mixtures are prepared based on use for the time indicated on the package. The mixture should not be diluted, especially at the end of the period.

The applied layer without additional reinforcement is from 5 to 30 mm for walls. Ceilings are recommended to be reinforced with special plaster mesh . The mixture contains mineral fillers and modified additives that improve strength characteristics; the working solution is plastic and adheres tightly to concrete surface, brickwork, gas silicate blocks, stone slabs. The choice of dry mixes is huge.

Leave it to the experts to decide which plaster to choose for the ceiling.

Preparatory work includes cleaning the ceiling from dirt and dust. Wire brush, scraper, spatula, detergents - clean the ceiling from old paint, loose plaster, other deteriorating finishing material. Panel joints, potholes and cracks are sealed with prepared plaster mortar from a dry mixture.

The repaired surface is left to harden for about a day. Then the seams are cleaned and primed. This is necessary for better adhesion of the plaster to the concrete surface.

There are deep penetration primers that protect against fungus and mold and reduce the consumption of finishing materials. It is recommended to prime the surface 2-3 times at intervals for better penetration. The joints with the walls and between the panels are glued with reinforcing mesh (if necessary), and then the finishing layer is applied.

Then, at the request of the Customer, artistic gypsum stucco molding is performed. This expensive type of finishing is performed by highly paid craftsmen. There are ready-made decorative fragments made of plaster or polyurethane. They are mounted on the ceiling and wall liquid nails. It looks rich, in a classic style.

Ready-made ones are available for sale plaster decorative mixtures. You can choose the appropriate tone and prepare decorative plaster ceiling with your own hands. Dyes are sold that are added to the mixed plaster solution to obtain the desired shade.

Wood ceiling plaster

Discussed above traditional way wet plastering using shingles. This method is labor-intensive and requires a certain skill. It is much easier to level the ceiling GKL and then apply to the surface leveling layer of finishing plaster. This kind of work is called puttying. Applying decorative plaster to the ceiling using this method will reduce the consumption of the expensive mixture, and the ceiling will take on this look.

Applied to gypsum board Venetian plaster. Smooth glossy surface looks like marble. Plaster stucco molding will be made under the chandelier. This is how I changed wooden ceiling performed by a master.

How to properly plaster an OSB ceiling?

The ceilings of many private houses built using OSB are sheathed. frame technologies. For better adhesion to the plaster, the surface of the OSB is glued with a painting mesh and PVA glue. Self-adhesive nets are available for sale.

It is recommended to plaster the ceiling using a mesh in two steps: smooth out in longitudinal and transverse layers. You will get excellent results when applying textured plaster to the ceiling. Various dyes are added to the usual mixture and, using a professional set of putty techniques, decorative patterns are formed on the ceiling. Special rolling rollers, templates, and devices are used.

Ready-made mixtures are available for sale. They are advantageous to use because they have high ductility. On plastic container The consumption is indicated, this allows you to buy the right amount of putty. The relief surface of textured plaster hides small irregularities and small cracks.

How to plaster a ceiling with your own hands?

Even experienced plasterers, before plastering the ceiling, try various application techniques. separate section of the sheet(simulating a ceiling). And only after successful selection, this technique is used for the main ceiling. Practice, find a reliable way to properly plaster a ceiling, bring your skills to professional level and get to work.

Structural decorative plaster different from textured composition of fillers. For interior work, ready-made mixtures based on water dispersion are chosen. The structure consists of marble chips of different fractions and binder polymer fillers with the addition of acrylic resins.

There's a difference: plastering and puttying. The putty, according to professionals, is intended for finishing. For example, the picture shows materials from the manufacturer BORO.

How to plaster the ceiling in the bathroom?

There is no significant difference. It all depends on the preferences of the Customer. Decorative putty is usually moisture resistant. In addition, it can be protected with moisture-resistant paint. The paint is tinted using computer programs in construction hypermarkets. In order not to be mistaken: “how to plaster the ceiling in a room?” carefully read the composition of the mixture, which should consist of natural ingredients and meet fire safety requirements.

Useful video

In the video we will see an example of ceiling plaster without beacons:

To fully understand how to apply decorative plaster to the ceiling, you must not only have theoretical knowledge, but also master this art by trying to apply the design yourself. And who knows? Maybe you have artistic abilities, and then ideas will appear, opportunities to turn them into reality.