Depending on the seasons of the year, trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants change their appearance, as well as the course of processes in development and growth. These changes are especially pronounced in spring and autumn.

On March 21, day is equal to night. From now on, in the middle latitudes of the northern hemisphere, the sun rises higher and warmer every day. The sky turns bright blue, the cumulus clouds turn white. The first thawed patches appear, streams begin to gurgle. There are no leaves on the trees yet, no grass or flowering plants have appeared, but the breath of spring can already be felt. Some trees are beginning to bloom and dust. Alder's brownish-red catkins are clearly visible. In winter they were dense, but now they are growing very quickly, their scales bend back, and a golden-yellow cloud of pollen spills out. Following the alder, the hazel scatters pollen; approximately five days after the hazel, the red willow blooms. Willow is the first of the early spring honey plants. At the end of April, aspen and willow willow gather dust. The presence of a small number of insects at this time and the absence of foliage on trees and shrubs contribute to the free transfer of pollen from one plant to another by the wind. Along with dusting, another important process occurs in trees - sap flow begins. Water dissolves nutrients deposited in the stem and carries them to the buds, which begin to swell and prepare to become leaves and flowers. Sap flow is especially pronounced in birch and maple; it lasts about a month; During this time, plants pump tens of liters of water. The beginning of sap flow is a sign of the onset of spring.

The days are getting longer, the temperature is rising, and the soil is warming up more and more. The snow is melting rapidly; the first flowers appear. When spring comes, the plant needs to grow faster, take root, and use heat and moisture to develop. Many plants that have adapted to this are called early flowering plants. Golden baskets of coltsfoot flowers appear on scaly stems, reminiscent of a small sun. With the onset of warmth, summer leaves appear from the coltsfoot rhizome, the lower surface of which is light, soft and warm, and the upper surface is smooth, cold (hence the name - coltsfoot). These leaves accumulate organic matter during the summer, which is then transferred to the rhizome and allows flower shoots to appear so early in the spring. Coltsfoot can be found everywhere: along slopes, river banks, ditches and just on the road.

A handsome man appears in the forest spring flower- Blue Scilla (often called snowdrop). After 8-10 days, the amazing flowers of the lungwort open. At first they are red or purple, then they turn purple, then blue or whitish. And since flowers bloom on one plant in different times, then you can see flowers of different colors on it at the same time. Along with the lungwort, you can see the red-purple corydalis between the bushes. Stand out against the background of last year's leaves yellow flowers goose onions and white chickweeds.

In places where there is a lot of moisture, you can also find other representatives of early flowering plants: marigold, which has large rounded leaves of a shiny green color and a bright flower with a golden corolla, spring clear, which, unlike marigold, has not 5-6 petals, but 8 ( both in the calyx and in the corolla), etc.

In early flowering plants, development occurs due to nutrients, deposited in rhizomes, tubers and bulbs since autumn. The bright color during flowering attracts a few insects to early flowering plants for pollination. However, these plants often reproduce vegetatively: from mother plant the already formed new plant is separated. Consequently, both methods of reproduction in early flowering plants complement each other, providing high percentage survival and fitness.

You can see in the forest flowering shrub- wolf's bast. Lilac flowers grow directly on the stem. Its flowers and berries are poisonous, and a bast layer develops under the bark - bast; This is probably where its name came from.

Finally, the buds on the trees and bushes burst and the first leaves appear. Bird cherry is one of the first to turn green, followed by poplar, alder, and elm. In birch and oak, flowering somewhat precedes the leafing out.

Coniferous trees bloom in late spring. There is so much pollen that it covers everything around with a yellow coating (“sulfur rains”).

At the end of spring, all plants become green and blooming. In May, lilies of the valley, growing in a friendly family, bring special joy to people, since a lot of plants can grow from one rhizome. Lily of the valley does not bloom for long. Fragrant flowers in the form of small white bells are replaced first by green and then by red berries.

The rye begins to sprout, the aspen seeds ripen, the lilacs fade, the petals of the apple tree fall off - spring has ended and summer has begun.

Usually spring is divided into three periods: early spring - the appearance of thawed patches, the melting of snow in the fields. The middle spring (blooming) lasts until the bird cherry blossoms. Late spring - before the apple trees bloom.

Summer is divided into three periods: the first period (beginning of summer), when flowering herbs appear in the meadows: meadow cornflower, red carnation, fireweed, bluebell and chamomile. At this time, raspberries, lingonberries, and cranberries bloom. The fruits of elm and poplar are scattered. The yellow egg pod blooms in ponds. Jasmine blooms in the gardens. IN folk calendar June is called multicolor. Every day more and more new plants bloom, some more beautiful than others. Strawberries are starting to ripen. Summer mushrooms appear. Early July is the height of haymaking.

The second period begins with the flowering of the linden tree and usually lasts until mid-August. This period is also called the peak of summer, the sultry time. Why does linden bloom so late? It turns out that the linden blossoms flowers on the shoots of this year, until the young shoot grows and fruit buds are formed in it, the warmest period of summer will begin. The smell of linden flowers comes from afar, so the bees, without knowing rest, collect sweet, fragrant nectar. Linden honey is tasty and healthy.

This period is also characterized abundant flowering herbaceous plants in the meadows. Blooming meadow grasses; Potatoes are blooming in the fields. The reservoirs are covered with various vegetation, many of the plants are in bloom - reeds, cattails, susak, arrowhead, chastuha, and the beautiful white water lily. Raspberries and blueberries are ripe. Yellow locust scatters seeds.

It’s not for nothing that July is called the month of berries. Bird cherry, raspberry, and currant berries are ripening, and gooseberries and cherries are ripening in the garden. Harvesting of winter crops is finishing in the fields.

The third period of summer (late summer) lasts from mid-August to mid-September, until the first frost. In August, fruits and seeds ripen. In the meadows you can see flowering bells, bark, marianberry, mullein, mint and other plants. The cranberries are starting to brown. At the beginning of August, the leaves of the linden tree turn yellow, and at the end of the month the leaves of the birch tree begin to fall. Nuts ripen in the forest. Summer lengthens into autumn. August is the month of mushrooms. The mushroom is a fruiting body, the main part of it is hidden in the ground - these are myceliums. The mycelium grows together with the roots of trees and receives nutrients from them, but in turn, the mycelium provides the trees with nutrients and helps their roots absorb nutrients from the soil better and faster. Mushrooms can be collected from spring to late autumn, but the main time is in the last period of summer and the beginning of autumn.

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Winter is the most difficult period for plant survival; plants need moisture, which freezes in winter. This is why the plant does not replenish its water reserves in winter and therefore may die. But plants and trees in the process of development adapted to wintering in different ways.

What plants survive winter?

Annual plants do not survive in winter period and grow only for one season; perennial plants survive winter, but they go dormant during this time. The above-ground part of the plant dies at the end of the growing season, but the plant's roots are protected by a layer of snow that acts like a blanket. The plant then begins to grow again in the spring.

Deciduous and evergreen plants in winter

Deciduous plants hibernate in winter, they shed their leaves in the fall and, as a result, they do not need much water and light for photosynthesis. The tree receives sufficient nutrients and water reserves throughout the spring and fall to survive the winter after the leaves have fallen.

Evergreen trees such as spruce, fir, pine, cedar, etc. do not shed their leaves for the winter. Evergreen needles contain small amounts of water, sugars, alkaloids and antifreeze oils.

The needles of evergreen trees have evolved from regular leaves to minimize water requirements, evaporation, and at the same time provide nourishment to the plant during the winter. Evergreen trees carry out the process of photosynthesis very slowly, so they can continue to function in cold temperatures, unlike other plants.

How snow protects plants in winter

Snow is vital to the survival of perennial plants in winter as it acts as a blanket. Snowflakes have a unique structure with gaps that contain air, which warms the plant. When snow melts in the spring, it is also beneficial for plants, as it nourishes them with moisture.

For many centuries, indoor plants were considered ordinary interior decoration, without any functional role.

But later scientists proved that plants in the house can work wonders not only with the surrounding space, but also with the mood of the people in this room.

Today there is a great variety indoor plants, which ennoble the interior, harmonize the atmosphere and saturate the air with oxygen. Agree, you shouldn’t go too far to decorate your home and cheer up yourself and those around you. It is enough to choose the right indoor plant and enjoy the atmosphere of comfort and beauty. This post contains the most amazing, unimaginable and beautiful indoor plants, which will certainly become a full-fledged part of your home.

1. Aechmea striped

Echmeya is considered perennial plant, which does not require meticulous care. The name of the plant, translated from Greek, means “end, tip”, and is associated with the hard ends of the leaves. The size of the echmea is sufficient big plant With large leaves And bright flower. In appearance, the plant resembles a pineapple.

Aechmea flowers are purple or pink, located on dense bracts. Indoor echmea prefers a bright, spacious room without direct sunlight. The optimal temperature for keeping in summer is 20-26°C, in winter – about 18°C. Aechmea loves a humid habitat, so it is necessary to constantly maintain a humid atmosphere by spraying and filling the flower rosette with water. When daughter plants appear at the roots of the echmea, they are carefully replanted and flowering is expected in 1-2 years. There are several types of indoor echmea and each of them has its own charm and beauty.

Monstera means “amazing, bizarre” in Latin. Although, according to one of the ancient legends about giant killer plants, monstera means “monster.” Monstera is one of the most favorite indoor plants that can be found in apartments. Monstera - evergreen ornamental plant, belonging to the liana family. In appearance it resembles a large shrub with large, sometimes gigantic, “torn” leaves and often drooping aerial roots, resembling tentacles.

By nature, monsteras are unpretentious and do not require special care. The preferred temperature for growing monstera is 15-20°C. At elevated temperatures, Monstera grows quite quickly.

Many people believe that Monstera loves dark rooms that are not exposed to direct light. sunlight. In fact, this plant is shade-tolerant and prefers diffused light. If the new monstera leaves become thin and the roots are too thin, then this is a clear sign of a lack of lighting.

For most of the year, from spring to autumn, monstera needs to be moistened abundantly. In winter, it is enough to monitor the soil moisture. Regular spraying is required. Since Monstera is a large plant, it needs supports and reinforcements. Monstera blooms in nature large flower, but, unfortunately, in room conditions inflorescences are quite rare.

Every year the monstera needs to be replanted, as well as its daughter shoots. In front of everyone positive aspects this plant, it should be remembered that monstera juice contains substances that irritate the skin and mucous membranes, so it must be handled with care.

3. Euphorbia Tirukalli (Rubber Euphorbia)

Euphorbia is a succulent plant and there are about 1,500 varieties of this plant around the world. Euphorbia Tirukalli, or otherwise rubbery spurge, resembles coral in appearance. Often the ends of thin shoots turn pink, creating an association with fire.

IN wildlife Tirukalli blooms with yellow inflorescences. At home, it requires bright lighting and a warm climate. By nature, euphorbia is not whimsical and can grow in the same pot with other cacti or euphorbias. The preferred temperature range is 20-22°C, although in winter it is about 16-18°C. Watering milkweed should be done once a week, since milkweed copes well with aridity and excess moisture can harm the plant. Tirukalli transplantation is carried out once every 2 years. Propagated by cuttings.

An important detail when working with these plants is the presence of gloves, since the milky juice of any milkweed is considered poisonous and can damage the mucous membranes of the body.

4. Urn gentian

A plant with an interesting name originates in high mountains Tibet, where it grows on rocky slopes. Gentian urn is considered a fairly rare variety of succulents. Does not require special care and reproduces well in dry areas. In appearance it resembles a creeping shrub consisting of fancy diamond-shaped leaves. Prefers a warm climate and moderate watering. Gentian reproduces when the right conditions on one's own.

5. Dracaena Sandera

In common people, such a plant is called “the flower of happiness, good luck and prosperity,” so this particular bamboo variety can be seen in many interior compositions. In appearance, Dracaena sandera consists of green stems with leaves at the top or throughout the entire area of ​​the stems.

Care indoor bamboo minimal under properly created conditions. Sandera does not tolerate direct ultraviolet rays, but loves natural light. The preferred temperature for bamboo is 18-25°C. Bamboo stems are indifferent to moisture, but when dust settles they must be wiped. Many nuances of cultivation depend on the environment in which bamboo grows - water or soil.

If the plant is grown in water, then the water must be constantly changed. Remember that plain water not suitable for such purposes. Try to use soft, settled water. If the dracaena is in the ground, then caring for bamboo is much easier. The soil requires only regular watering. To propagate dracaena, it is necessary to use cuttings, which is in the best possible way create a green tropical garden made of bamboo.

6. Tradescantia Prirechnaya

An interesting plant that often grows both in the wild and under indoor conditions. Famous for its huge number of names - “river spider plant”, “small-leaved spider plant”, “inch plant”, “Stray Willie”, “widow’s tears”, “woman’s gossip”, “saxifrage”. The plant received many names due to its appearance and method of growth.

Tradescantia Prirechnaya is considered perennial evergreen and is distinguished by a numerous number of small leaves, the stems of which are so closely intertwined that it is difficult to find the beginning. The plant does not require careful care, so it is an unpretentious guest in any home. The only drawback is rapid aging, requiring constant updating.

Platycerium is a type of fern that grows in an unusual upright position. Another name for this plant is “deer antler”. In appearance, Platycerium leaves resemble deer antlers. It is noteworthy that the plant has 2 types of leaves, which carry out different functions in the life of a fern. Therefore, it is recommended not to touch the leaves of the platycerium, so as not to damage the shell of the green leaves.

In indoor conditions, this plant is difficult to grow, as it prefers a humid climate, so it is suitable for decorating the facades of houses or verandas. The fern does not like direct sunlight and prefers diffused light. Suitable temperature for growing is 20-25°C. Does not tolerate placement next to heating devices and through rooms. In summer, the fern needs to be watered and sprayed abundantly. It is recommended to replant platycerium as needed.

8. Saintpaulia

Saintpaulia is known in many sources as Uzambara violet. The plant got its name because of its similarity to the common violet. Saintpaulia is considered a perennial plant with a rosette of velvety flowers of various shades. By its nature, Saintpaulia cannot be called an unpretentious plant, since it requires quite complex care. First of all, this concerns the soil, which must be specialized and allow air to pass to the roots of the flowers. Watering the Uzambara violet must be done through a tray. Once a month it is necessary to water the plant from the top to the required level of saturation. During flowering, it is not recommended to spray the violet, or to wet the stem and leaves with water.

Saintpaulia prefers a room with diffused light, but without direct sunlight. In winter, special attention should be paid to humidity, since dry air harms the plant. The optimal temperature for growing violets is 17-24°C. During growth, it is necessary to monitor the shape of Saintpaulia and remove dried leaves and flowers in a timely manner. The plant is replanted annually in the spring, planting too large individuals. At proper care Saintpaulia will be able to please the owner with beautiful bright inflorescences.

To create an amazing seaside atmosphere in your apartment, you will need to purchase a sago palm, which will become a prominent representative among all plants. The sago palm, or Cycas, is considered a unique ancient plant with luxurious foliage growing from a thick trunk. In the wild, Cycas grows up to 15 meters in height.

height, at home - about 50 cm. The main disadvantage of the sago palm is its slow growth and capricious nature.

Tsikas prefers rooms with maximum lighting, but without active sun. The optimal temperature regime is: in summer – 22-26°C, in winter – 12-17°C. When watering, it is worth considering that the cycas does not tolerate excessive moisture and likes moderate watering. Therefore, before watering, you should make sure that the soil is sufficiently dry.

The palm tree loves a humid atmosphere and requires constant spraying of the leaves. During moistening and watering, moisture should be avoided on the plant trunk to prevent rotting of the root system. This plant is replanted once every 5 years. It is necessary to wear gloves when carrying out any activities with the sago palm, since the trunk of the plant contains toxic substances.

10. Godson Rowley

Rowley's ragwort is an ornamental indoor plant that is known for its original appearance. The shape of the plant is long thin lashes with beads. It is for this reason that the ragwort has a second name - “string of pearls”. Senecio Rowley proposes accommodation in hanging planters, since its growth constantly tends downwards. In spring, the plant blooms with white inflorescences.

By nature, Rowley's ragwort resembles succulent plants, and therefore does not require special care. This plant prefers natural light without direct sunlight. With a lack of light, the plant changes its appearance and becomes smaller. Desired temperature: in summer – 22-25°C, in winter – 10-15°C. More low temperatures can harm the plant and destroy it.

Senecio Rowley has no special requirements for air humidity, so it is enough to occasionally spray it with a spray bottle. Watering the plant in the warm season should be plentiful. Remember that Rowley's ragwort is poisonous, so take precautions when working with it.

11. Hoya

Hoya is an ornamental flowering wax ivy that grows wild in tropical areas. In appearance, hoya resembles ivy with beautiful inflorescences. Exists huge amount varieties of hoya, but all of them do not require careful care at home. The plant prefers bright light, but does not tolerate active ultraviolet radiation. The optimal temperature regime is: in summer – 18-19°C, in winter – 10-15°C. Watering hoya should be done as soon as the soil dries completely, since the plant does not like stagnant moisture.

One of the features of Hoya is considered to be its love for “bathing,” which must be done twice a year. In summer, the plant is sprayed with a spray bottle. Young individuals are transplanted once a year. More adults - once every 3 years. Hoya propagation occurs by cuttings or layering. The branches of the plant are pinched, but the faded inflorescences are not cut off.

12. Echeveria Shaviana

Echeveria is considered one of the the best varieties unpretentious succulent plants. At home, it reproduces quite well and becomes a decoration among all the green decor. The most familiar name for echeveria is “stone rose”. By appearance this type The succulent really resembles roses. The leaves of Echeveria shaviana are wavy, often with red splashes. Stone roses are heat-loving, so they prefer elevated temperatures - 22-28°C. In winter, temperatures can drop to 18-20°C.

Watering such succulents should be moderate, allowing the soil to partially dry out. Spraying is contraindicated for stone roses, since echeveria loves dry air. Therefore, when watering, you should pay attention to water getting into the flower rosette. Lighting is preferable to sunlight, with active ultraviolet rays. Young individuals require annual replanting, while adults require replanting only when necessary. With proper care, echeverias bloom, creating a unique appearance.

13. Epiphytic plants

Mimosa pudica is a delicate houseplant for flower lovers. Mimosa got its unusual name because of the hypersensitivity of the leaves, which curl up even at the slightest touch, blow or shake. Mimosa is a herbaceous annual plant. The leaves of Mimosa pudica are fern-like with small spherical flowers.

It has been proven that mimosa pudica has a peculiar life cycle, during which its leaves open or curl. Despite its capricious nature, this plant does not require special care. Mimosa prefers bright light and favorably regards direct sun rays. Its leaves do not tolerate smoke and drafts. The preferred temperature for mimosa is: in summer –20-24°C, in winter – 16-18°C.

Particular attention should be paid to the surrounding air humidity, since mimosa prefers a tropical climate. During flowering, the plant must be watered every other day, then monitor the condition of the soil. It should be slightly damp. Mimosa is usually not replanted as it is an annual plant.

Spathiphyllum is considered unpretentious flowering plant. People most often find the names “ White sail" or " Women's happiness" The appearance of the inflorescences resembles a yellow cob, covered on one side with a leaf. It has a small rhizome and large green leaves. In indoor conditions, spathiphyllum prefers partial shade lighting without direct sunlight.

Watering the plant is done as the top layer of soil dries. Spathiphyllum loves air high humidity, so it must be constantly sprayed. The preferred temperature is: in summer – 20-25°C, in winter – not lower than 16°C. It is imperative to monitor drafts, since in winter the plant practically does not tolerate them. Transplantation should be carried out annually in early spring and be sure to plant overgrown individuals.

It is believed that during the flowering period the plant brings energy of love and prosperity to its owners.

The unpretentious cactus succulent - haworthia - is famous for its unusual color and shape of leaves. The appearance often resembles a star or octopus with numerous tentacles. Distinctive feature This plant is characterized by the presence of white bulges-grooves on the surface of the leaves, giving them a rough surface.

Among indoor plants, haworthias can be considered true long-livers, since with proper care their lifespan can reach 30 years. Haworthia prefers diffused soft light, but in the morning hours it loves to soak up the sun. Optimal temperature for plant growth is: in summer - 15-27, in winter - 10-15 ° C. Watering haworthia is carried out once a week after the top layer of soil has dried. When watering, it is recommended to avoid getting water into the root outlet.

Air humidity is not important for haworthia, so there is no need to spray the plant. Young plants are replanted annually, while adults - once every 2-3 years. Reproduction occurs using shoots, cuttings or “babies”.

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17. Sedum Morgana

Sedum Morgana is a plant belonging to the group of ornamental succulents. Thanks to his unusual looking In common parlance it is called “donkey tail”, “monkey tail”, “creaking grass”, “fever grass”, “hernia grass” or “hare cabbage”. Morgan's sedum has a flowering period, but this is quite rare at home.

Externally, the plant consists of stems densely covered with leaves in the form of pointed droplets with a waxy effect. The stems branch quite rarely, more often they spread outside the pot. Therefore, Morgana sedums are ideal for keeping in flowerpots.

The character is demanding and capricious. Lighting prefers bright, sunny with active ultraviolet light. Temperature conditions can vary from 23-30°C. IN summer time prefers fresh air. Air humidity for sedum should be moderate with periodic spraying. Watering is carried out carefully as the soil dries.

An important feature of cultivation is the creation of comfortable conditions during the plant’s dormant period – from October to March. The plant should be in a room with temperature conditions 8-13°C and watering frequency – once every 2 weeks. Reproduction occurs using stem or leaf cuttings. Transplantation is performed only when necessary.

Instructions

There are several reasons for this behavior. Some do this to attract predators, others to blend in with their surroundings, and others use it to attract members of the opposite sex.

Some animals change their color depending on the time of year. For example, animals living in cold climatic zones, often change their usual color to white in winter in order to blend in with the snow. Many songbirds have a beautiful appearance during the mating season. bright plumage, which then gives way to feathers of calmer shades. This occurs thanks to pigment cells found in the skin of animals and birds.

A group of cephalopods is capable of changing its color several times in a matter of seconds. The color changing mechanism is activated by a state of excitement or fear, resulting in a whole range of colors appearing, spreading throughout the body.

Some species of fish and lizards also have the ability to change color, although this process takes a little longer than in cephalopods. Their color change occurs in special pigment cells called chromatophores. The increase in the size of these cells causes the pigment to spread throughout the body, changing the color of the animal.

Almost all butterfly caterpillars are able to blend in with native plants, but few can match the baron caterpillar or nymphalid butterfly found in western Malaysia. This perfect shape and color of this caterpillar allows it to reliably hide from predators and farmers who grow mango trees, the leaves of which these larvae often feed on.

Mossy leaf-tailed gecko as if covered with moss, the skin of this lizard that lives in the forests of Madagascar looks so bizarre. These geckos live in trees, so their color matches the color of bark and moss. In addition, they are able to change their color depending on the surrounding background. This endangered species of lizard is primarily due to habitat loss and hunting for the international pet trade.

The white color of the Arctic fox with a blue tint makes it almost invisible in the tundra. It, like a ghost, is able to dissolve in snowdrifts at low temperatures in winter, and in summer it easily adapts to the surrounding rocks and plants, changing its color to summer.

The most famous of the color-changing animals is the chameleon. In general, scientists believe that this ability of his is intended more for communication. Some shades signal a change in mood, for example, aggression or the desire to attract a female. Of course, this ability of theirs contributed to their preservation as a species. Some chameleon species are geared toward specific predators. For example, a species found in South America, is able to merge with the earth to escape from birds, and with the sky to avoid the attack of snakes. The secret of changing their color lies in the chromatophore cells, which are located under the transparent skin of the chameleon.

Trees seem completely lifeless to us in winter. Meanwhile, even in winter, in the bitterest frosts, life does not completely leave the plants. At this time they only rest, accumulate strength, so that with the onset of spring they can throw off the shackles of winter. “What we call the dream of nature,” wrote S. Pokrovsky, “is only a special form of life, full of deep meaning and significance.” This form of life of plant organisms is called a state of rest.

In a state of deep rest winter time years, the metabolism of trees and shrubs is sharply inhibited and visible growth stops. However, this does not mean that all life processes in it have completely stopped. Some of them also go during winter dormancy. For example, starch is converted into sugars and fats, sugars are consumed during respiration (although its intensity is 200-400 times less than in summer. Growth processes also occur at this time, but they do not manifest themselves externally. The resting state is a period of especially intense the activity of the so-called educational tissue, or meristem, from which new cells and tissues arise.

Grape

In gardens and personal plots, you can choose a warmer place for planting grapes, for example, on the sunny side of the house, garden pavilion, or veranda. It is recommended to plant grapes along the border of the site. The vines formed in one line will not take up much space and at the same time will be well lit from all sides. Near buildings, grapes must be placed so that they are not exposed to water flowing from the roofs. On level ground you need to make ridges with good drain due to drainage furrows. Some gardeners, following the experience of their colleagues from the western regions of the country, dig deep planting holes and fill them with organic fertilizers and fertilized soil. The holes, dug in waterproof clay, are a kind of closed vessel that fills with water during the monsoon rains. In fertile land root system The grapes develop well at first, but as soon as waterlogging begins, they suffocate. Deep holes can play a positive role on soils where good natural drainage, permeable subsoil is provided, or reclamation artificial drainage is possible. Planting grapes

You can quickly restore an outdated grape bush using the layering method (“katavlak”). For this purpose, healthy vines of a neighboring bush are placed in grooves dug to the place where the dead bush used to grow, and covered with earth. The top is brought to the surface, from which a new bush then grows. Lignified vines are laid on layering in the spring, and green ones - in July. They are not separated from the mother bush for two to three years. Frozen or very old bush can be restored by short pruning to healthy above-ground parts or pruning to the “black head” of an underground trunk. In the latter case, the underground trunk is freed from the ground and completely cut down. Not far from the surface, new shoots grow from dormant buds, due to which a new bush is formed. Neglected and severely frost-damaged grape bushes are restored due to stronger fatty shoots formed in the lower part old wood, and removal of weakened sleeves. But before removing the sleeve, a replacement is formed. Grape care

A gardener starting to grow grapes needs to thoroughly study the structure grapevine and the biology of this most interesting plant. Grapes are vine (climbing) plants and require support. But it can spread along the ground and take root, as is observed with Amur grapes in a wild state. Roots and aboveground part The stems grow quickly, branch strongly and reach large sizes. Under natural conditions, without human intervention, a branched bush of grapes grows with many vines of different orders, which begins to bear fruit late and produces crops irregularly. In cultivation, grapes are shaped and the bushes are given a shape that is easy to care for, ensuring a high yield of high-quality bunches. Grapevine Planting Schisandra

Schisandra chinensis, or schisandra, has several names - lemon tree, red grapes, gomisha (Japanese), cochinta, kodzyanta (Nanai), kolchita (Ulch), usimtya (Udege), uchampu (Oroch). In terms of structure, systemic relationship, center of origin and distribution, Schisandra chinensis has nothing in common with the real citrus plant lemon, but all its organs (roots, shoots, leaves, flowers, berries) exude the aroma of lemon, hence the name Schisandra. The schisandra vine that clings or wraps around a support, along with Amur grapes and three types of actinidia, is an original plant of the Far Eastern taiga. Its fruits, like real lemons, are too sour for fresh consumption, but they have medicinal properties, a pleasant aroma, and this attracted a lot of attention to him. The taste of Schisandra chinensis berries improves somewhat after frost. Local hunters who consume such fruits claim that they relieve fatigue, invigorate the body and improve vision. The consolidated Chinese pharmacopoeia, compiled back in 1596, states: “the fruit of Chinese lemongrass has five tastes, classified as the first category of medicinal substances. The pulp of lemongrass is sour and sweet, the seeds are bitter and astringent, and in general the taste of the fruit is salty. Thus, All five tastes are present in it." Grow lemongrass