Technologies in the field pumping equipment Today they allow the private homeowner to completely take on the task of providing water. Models of pumping stations with compact dimensions cover irrigation needs, and powerful units with increased productivity realize the lifting of water to the second floor. To maintain stable pressure in the circuits, developers are increasingly using a hydraulic accumulator. This solution has many obvious advantages, but such power additions are not always appropriate from the point of view of operational rationality. In turn, a properly selected one without a hydraulic accumulator can provide the target object with water with minimal financial and technological costs.

General information about pumping stations

The operating principle of pumping pumps is in many ways similar to conventional pumps. The difference lies in the use of automatic process controls and the possibility of additional equipment - primarily due to the same hydraulic accumulator. But even models without a hydraulic tank are superior to conventional pumps in terms of power. For example, on average, 2-5 m3/h is required to supply a private home. A pumping station for a private house without a hydraulic accumulator, inserted into a well or well, operates in this range. A significant difference is that it is durable and housed in a stainless steel case. In this sense, it is models without a hydraulic accumulator that receive more attention, since they operate under high loads without additional insurance against water hammer.

How does it work without a hydraulic accumulator?

The design of the station is formed by a whole complex of functional elements. Without exception, all models are equipped with a pump, which ensures pumping water from the source. The functions of the unit are controlled using a relay. At a minimum, through it the user can regulate sufficient pressure. To control pressure, a pressure gauge is used, which is usually included in the basic package. It is also mandatory that a pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator includes an electrical cable, grounding terminals and a connector for connecting to the network. The above components are not always supplied assembled. If desired, you can assemble a station from different components - the main thing is that they correspond to each other in terms of characteristics.

Station assembly

The assembly process is carried out at the future site of operation, when a water supply line from the source - a well or well - has already been organized. Complete inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the pump. Next, hoses are connected to them - respectively, from the source of intake and from the water supply circuit to the place of use. There may be several return lines depending on the design of the station. Correctly assembling a pumping station with your own hands without a hydraulic accumulator for several consumers is only possible taking into account the load on the electrical network. As waste channels increase, productivity will also increase. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out grounding using a residual current device. Such devices are usually included in the kit, as well as control fittings with sensors, measuring instruments and automatic machines. The latter are introduced into the station infrastructure at the final stage of installation.

Nuances of operation

It is advisable to place the assembled unit in the utility room on a stable flat surface. Both connection lines (to the water intake source and the electrical network) must be isolated and protected from external influences. During the pumping process, the pump will not cycle to provide a supply of water, as is the case with a hydraulic accumulator. The collection will take place directly to the point of consumption, which increases the responsibility of the control equipment. At the same time, the operation of a pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator involves automatic shutdown and activation. Threshold values ​​can be set via a control relay, but even in this case it is important to correctly assess the load on the station, without relying on the support of the buffer block.

Positive reviews about stations without a hydraulic accumulator

Mostly, users point to the ergonomic design, which is simplified compared to pumps supplemented with a hydraulic accumulator. These are small and lightweight units that do not cause any special problems in installation and operation. The possibility of convenient placement of such models in pits with a frame base is also noted. But this aspect will depend on the form factor of the pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator. Reviews of downhole modifications, for example, emphasize the variety of installation options in vertical and horizontal planes. Stations with a hydraulic accumulator do not provide such capabilities - as a rule, only a single horizontal placement is allowed.

Negative reviews about stations without a hydraulic accumulator

Models of this type also have many weaknesses. In practice, equipment owners note modest performance. Moreover, using the maximum resource to make up for the lack of power is not allowed. Here we're talking about already about the disadvantage in the form of the risk of water hammer. These are less protected structures, so during operation it is advisable to set average operating parameters. In general, a pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator is perceived on the market as an outdated solution. This is partly due to limitations in productivity, but there is also a process of reduction in optional content, as manufacturers lose interest in the segment.

Conclusion

The inclusion of a hydraulic accumulator in the design of pumps undoubtedly raised the possibilities of organizing private water supply to a new level. This also applies to increasing the reliability of equipment and increasing its power indicators. Nevertheless, there are also tasks that pumping stations without a hydraulic accumulator can cope with better. The price of such units, averaging 7-15 thousand rubles, is also an important factor in favor of this choice. For example, for 10 thousand you can purchase a high-quality installation, the capabilities of which will be enough to water the garden and cover household needs at the dacha. A hydraulic accumulator will not bring much benefit to such a system, but it will certainly become another item of electricity consumption. Depending on the needs, regular stations can serve private house, but in this case you will have to turn to the most productive models in the segment.

To prevent the pump from turning on every time the tap is opened, a hydraulic accumulator is installed in the system. It contains a certain volume of water, sufficient for a small flow rate. This allows you to practically get rid of short-term pump starts. Installing a hydraulic accumulator is a simple procedure, but you will need a few more devices - at a minimum - a pressure switch, and it is also desirable to have a pressure gauge and an air vent.

Functions, purpose, types

Installation location - in a pit or in a house

In the water supply system of a private house without a hydraulic accumulator, the pump turns on whenever water flows somewhere. These frequent starts lead to wear and tear on the equipment. And not only the pump, but the entire system as a whole. After all, every time there is an abrupt increase in pressure, and this is a water hammer. To reduce the number of pump starts and smooth out water hammer, a hydraulic accumulator is used. The same device is called an expansion or membrane tank, a hydraulic tank.

Purpose

We found out that one of the functions of hydraulic accumulators is to smooth out water hammer. But there are others:

Not surprisingly, most private water supply systems this device is present - there are many advantages from its use.

Species

A hydraulic accumulator is a tank made of sheet metal divided into two parts by an elastic membrane. There are two types of membrane - diaphragm and balloon (bulb). The diaphragm is attached across the tank, a pear-shaped cylinder is secured at the inlet around the inlet pipe.

According to their purpose, they are of three types:

• for cold water;
• For hot water;
• for heating systems.

Hydraulic tanks for heating are painted red, tanks for water supply are painted blue. Expansion tanks for heating are usually smaller in size and lower in price. This is due to the membrane material - for water supply it must be neutral, because the water in the pipeline is potable.

Depending on the type of arrangement, hydraulic accumulators can be horizontal or vertical. Vertical ones are equipped with legs; some models have plates for hanging on the wall. It is the models elongated upward that are most often used for self-creation water supply systems of a private house - they occupy less space. The connection of a hydraulic accumulator of this type is standard - through a 1-inch outlet.

Horizontal models are usually equipped with pumping stations with surface-type pumps. Then the pump is placed on top of the container. It turns out compact.

Operating principle

Radial membranes (in the form of a plate) are used mainly in gyroaccumulators for heating systems. For water supply, a rubber bulb is usually installed inside. How does such a system work? As long as there is only air inside, the pressure inside is standard - the one that was set at the factory (1.5 atm) or that you set yourself. The pump turns on, begins to pump water into the tank, and the pear begins to increase in size. Water gradually fills an increasingly larger volume, increasingly compressing the air that is located between the wall of the tank and the membrane. When a certain pressure is reached (usually for one-story houses this is 2.8 - 3 atm) the pump is turned off, the pressure in the system stabilizes. When you open a tap or other water flow, it comes from the accumulator. It flows until the pressure in the tank drops below a certain level (usually about 1.6-1.8 atm). After which the pump turns on, the cycle repeats again.

If the flow rate is large and constant - you are filling a bathtub, for example - the pump pumps water in transit, without pumping it into the tank. The tank begins to fill after all the taps are closed.

A water pressure switch is responsible for turning the pump on and off at a certain pressure. In most hydraulic accumulator piping schemes, this device is present - such a system operates in optimal mode. We’ll look at connecting the hydraulic accumulator a little lower, but for now let’s talk about the tank itself and its parameters.

Large tanks

The internal structure of hydraulic accumulators with a volume of 100 liters and above is slightly different. The pear is different - it is attached to the body both at the top and at the bottom. With this structure, it becomes possible to fight the air that is present in the water. To do this, there is an outlet in the upper part into which you can connect a valve for automatic air release.

How to choose tank volume

You can choose the tank volume arbitrarily. There are no requirements or restrictions. The larger the volume of the tank, the greater the supply of water you will have in case of a shutdown and the less often the pump will turn on.

When choosing a volume, it is worth remembering that the volume that appears in the passport is the size of the entire container. There will be almost half as much water in it. The second thing to keep in mind is overall dimensions containers. A 100 liter tank is a decent-sized barrel - about 850 mm high and 450 mm in diameter. You will need to find a place somewhere for it and the harness. Somewhere - this is in the room where the pipe from the pump comes. This is where all the equipment is usually installed.

If you need at least some guidelines to select the volume of a hydraulic accumulator, calculate the average flow rate from each water intake point (there are special tables or you can look at the data sheet for household appliances). Sum up all this data. Get the possible consumption if all consumers work simultaneously. Then figure out how many and which devices can work at the same time, calculate how much water will be consumed in a minute in this case. Most likely by this time you will have already come to some decision.

To make it a little easier, let’s say that the hydraulic tank volume of 25 liters is enough to meet the needs of two people. It will ensure normal functioning completely small system: faucet, sink and small. If you have other household appliances, the capacity must be increased. The good news is that if you decide that the current tank is not enough for you, you can always install an additional one.

What should be the pressure in the accumulator?

One part of the accumulator contains compressed air, and water is pumped into the second. The air in the tank is under pressure - factory settings - 1.5 atm. This pressure does not depend on the volume - it is the same on a tank with a capacity of 24 liters and 150 liters. The maximum permissible maximum pressure may be more or less, but it does not depend on the volume, but on the membrane and is indicated in the technical specifications.

Preliminary check and pressure correction

Before connecting the accumulator to the system, it is advisable to check the pressure in it. The settings of the pressure switch depend on this indicator, and during transportation and storage the pressure could drop, so monitoring is very desirable. You can control the pressure in the hydraulic tank using a pressure gauge connected to a special input in the upper part of the tank (capacity of 100 liters or more) or installed in its lower part as one of the piping parts. Temporarily, for control, you can connect a car pressure gauge. Its error is usually small and it is convenient to work with. If this is not the case, you can use the standard one for water pipes, but they are usually not very accurate.

If necessary, the pressure in the accumulator can be increased or decreased. There is a nipple at the top of the tank for this purpose. A car or bicycle pump is connected through the nipple and the pressure is increased if necessary. If it needs to be vented, the nipple valve is bent with some thin object, releasing the air.

What air pressure should be

So should the pressure in the accumulator be the same? For normal operation of household appliances, a pressure of 1.4-2.8 atm is required. To prevent the tank membrane from tearing, the pressure in the system should be slightly higher than the pressure of the tank - by 0.1-0.2 atm. If the pressure in the tank is 1.5 atm, then the pressure in the system should not be lower than 1.6 atm. This value is set on the water pressure switch, which works in tandem with the hydraulic accumulator. These are the optimal settings for a small one-story house.

If the house is two-story, you will have to increase the pressure. There is a formula for calculating the pressure in the hydraulic tank:

Vatm.=(Hmax+6)/10

Where Hmax is the height of the highest point of water intake. Most often this is a shower. You measure (calculate) at what height relative to the hydraulic accumulator its watering can is located, substitute it into the formula, and get the pressure that should be in the tank.

If the house has a jacuzzi, everything is more complicated. You will have to select it empirically - changing the relay settings and observing the operation of water points and household appliances. But at the same time, the operating pressure should not be greater than the maximum permissible for other household appliances and plumbing fixtures (indicated in the technical specifications).

How to choose

The main working part of the hydraulic tank is the membrane. Its service life depends on the quality of the material. The best membranes today are made from food-grade rubber (vulcanized rubber plates). Housing material only matters in tanks membrane type. In those in which a “pear” is installed, water comes into contact only with rubber and the material of the body does not matter.

The flange should be made of thick galvanized steel, but better - stainless steel

What's really important about bulb tanks is the flange. It is usually made of galvanized metal. In this case, the thickness of the metal is important. If it is only 1 mm, after about a year and a half of operation, a hole will appear in the metal of the flange, the tank will lose its tightness and the system will stop working. Moreover, the warranty is only one year, although the stated service life is 10-15 years. The flange usually rots after completion warranty period. There is no way to weld it - the metal is very thin. You have to look for a new flange at service centers or buy a new tank.

So, if you want the accumulator to last a long time, look for a flange made of thick galvanized or thin, but made of stainless steel.

Connecting the accumulator to the system

Typically, the water supply system of a private home consists of:

This scheme may also include a pressure gauge for operational pressure control, but this device is not necessary. It can be connected periodically to carry out test measurements.

With or without five-pin fitting

If the pump is of a surface type, the hydraulic accumulator is usually placed next to it. In this case, the check valve is installed on the suction pipeline, and all other devices are installed in one bundle. They are usually connected using a five-pin fitting.

It has conclusions with different diameters, just for the devices used for tying the hydraulic accumulator. Therefore, the system is most often assembled on its basis. But this element is completely optional and everything can be connected using ordinary fittings and pieces of pipe, but this is a more labor-intensive task, and there will be more connections.

How to connect a hydraulic accumulator to a well - diagram without a five-pin fitting

With one inch outlet, the fitting is screwed onto the tank - the pipe is located at the bottom. A pressure switch and pressure gauge are connected to the 1/4 inch outlets. The remaining free inch terminals are connected to the pipe from the pump and wiring to consumers. That's all for connecting the gyroaccumulator to the pump. If you are assembling a water supply diagram with surface pump, you can use a flexible hose in a metal winding (with inch fittings) - it’s easier to work with.

A visual diagram of connecting the pump and accumulator - use hoses or pipes where necessary

As usual, there are several options, the choice is yours.

The hydraulic accumulator is connected to the submersible pump in the same way. The whole difference is where the pump is installed and where the power is supplied, but this has nothing to do with the installation of the accumulator. It is placed in the place where the pipes from the pump enter. Connection is one to one (see diagram).

How to install two hydraulic tanks on one pump

When operating the system, sometimes owners come to the conclusion that the available volume of the accumulator is not enough for them. In this case, you can install a second (third, fourth, etc.) hydraulic tank of any volume in parallel.

There is no need to reconfigure the system; the relay will monitor the pressure in the tank on which it is installed, and the viability of such a system is much higher. After all, if the first accumulator is damaged, the second one will work. There is another positive point - two tanks of 50 liters each cost less than one of 100. The point is that the technology for producing large-sized containers is more complex. So it is also more economical.

How to connect a second accumulator to the system? Screw a tee onto the input of the first one, connect the input from the pump (five-pin fitting) to one free output, and connect the second container to the remaining free one. All. You can test the circuit.

Thanks to modern equipment a private homeowner has the opportunity to equip an autonomous water supply system at will. For seasonal living in a country house or dacha, a pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator is quite suitable, although this solution is used less and less due to its impracticality.

Let's consider the principle of operation, the pros and cons of a system that operates directly from a well or well to water collection points. We will evaluate the feasibility of such a solution, and also present options for organizing water supply without a hydraulic accumulator.

When designing a water supply system for a house, it is necessary to take into account factors such as the number of consumers, the volume of pumped liquid, and the service life of a well or borehole. If water is required on an ongoing basis and in large quantities, then you simply cannot do without it.

A pumping station with a hydraulic tank ensures a continuous supply of water to the house, and if a power outage suddenly occurs, the supply of liquid is enough to finish your business. The volume of the tank is selected based on needs.

Average volume for household use– 25-50 l, but for frequent use it is better to immediately purchase a tank of 100-200 l or include a storage tank as an addition to the circuit.

The hydraulic accumulator performs several important functions: it stabilizes the water pressure in the system, protects equipment from water hammer, and increases the service life of the pump.

The water supply system can operate without a hydraulic accumulator. In essence, it is a pump connected by a pipeline to water collection points. The main disadvantage of such a system is the rapid wear of pumping equipment.

In a system with a hydraulic tank, the pump is turned on only when necessary, but here it will turn on every time someone opens a water tap or wants to water the flowers. Due to frequent activation, the engine fails faster, and the pump has to be repaired or replaced more often than usual.

Connection diagram for a pumping station without a hydraulic tank. A surface pump is installed in the basement, water is supplied through a suction pipeline lowered into a well (well) (+)

However, manufacturers have not abandoned models without a hydraulic tank, because they are in demand. Most often, owners are interested in them summer cottages, which are used only in the summer - for relaxation, growing vegetables or flowers.

Let's consider situations in which you can get by with one pump, without a hydraulic accumulator:

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In the absence of a hydraulic accumulator, the pressure switch is connected directly to the pumping station or integrated together with a dry-running relay into the pipeline

In addition to equipment for pumping water, you will need electrical cable, power connection point and grounding terminals. If ready-made solution does not satisfy the requirements, the station parts can be purchased separately and then assembled at the installation site. The main condition is the compliance of the system elements with characteristics.

Water supply without accumulator

If you exclude the hydraulic accumulator from the water supply scheme, then two options are possible:

• using a pump to supply water directly to water collection points;
• connecting a storage tank.

Both options are actively used, but the first is optimal for irrigation systems with a small volume of liquid, and the second is most appropriate when you need to provide water for a shower, kitchen faucet– that is, consumers inside the house.

Option #1 - connecting the pump directly

There are many interesting solutions, but the most practical and economical are automated systems irrigation. They work only during periods when there is no rain, and are installed wherever regular watering is necessary - in the garden, near flower beds, on lawns.

One option is an expanded irrigation system personal plot. It is fully automated. To set the on/off time, connect the controller. Solenoid valves can be installed on each individual line so that they can be operated separately.

Approximate scheme of automatic watering of a summer cottage. Transportation of liquid from a well or well is carried out through pipes with a diameter of 19 mm (central) and 16 mm (branches) (+)

The rain sensor makes the irrigation system more efficient: during rainfall, the pump does not function.

The procedure for installing the irrigation system:

• we place the pipes on the surface of the earth according to a pre-designed diagram and connect them with fittings;
• we install sprinklers, drip systems, watering hoses;
• we equip a pumping group - a surface unit and a pressure switch;
• connect the water supply, test the system for leaks;
• if all is well, we dig trenches 30 cm deep, make a drainage cushion from crushed stone and sand, lay the pipeline and fill it up;
• We carry out repeated testing to check the tightness, check the performance of all lines;
• connect the controller and rain sensor;
• We check the operation of all elements of the system.

If throughput small, we set up alternate operation of the lines. This complex circuit, requiring knowledge of equipment setup. The simplest one is a regular one with watering hoses connected to it.

Option #2 – scheme with a storage tank

With the advent of technologically advanced hydraulic accumulator stations, the scheme has become less popular, but is still in use. It is simple and differs in that there is a storage tank between the pump and the water collection points.

Water supply system diagram with storage tank. To ensure the movement of water through the pipes at a certain speed and pressure, an additional circular pump is installed

One of the conditions for operating the system is. The first filter is installed on the suction pipe for surface pumps, and on the equipment itself for submersible pumps. The second is at the entrance to the house. It is better if it is a set of two filters, coarse and fine.

After the filtration system, a storage tank is installed, and a pipe (or pipes) goes from it to the water collection points.

Traditionally, the tank is installed as high as possible - for example, in the attic. The high location increases the pressure in the system, which will function even in the absence of electricity

Storage tank - any tank of suitable volume. Previously, metal galvanized tanks were used, now - plastic containers various configurations. They are equipped with one inlet pipe for supplying water from a well, and two outlet pipes for distribution to consumers and drains.

The top of the tank is covered with a hinged lid that protects the liquid from debris and dust. By removing the lid, you can analyze the condition of the tank and the water stored in it. In case of heavy contamination, the liquid is released through the drain pipe and the tank is washed.

The main controlling element is the float mechanism. As soon as the water level reaches the maximum level, the inlet pipe is closed and the supply to the tank stops. At a low level, on the contrary, the inlet opens and water begins to flow into the tank.

Plastic storage tank installed in the attic. It is lighter in weight than a metal container, so it is much more convenient to install. To prevent the water from freezing, in the northern regions the walls of the tank are insulated

The advantage of using a storage tank: there is always a supply of water, which is supplied under low pressure, even if all pumps are turned off. The downside is that it's difficult to install. Large tanks require space and a base that can support their weight.

In the case of installing systems for year-round operation, the attic, or at least the tank itself, located in an unheated attic space, must be insulated.

To avoid overflow and flooding of the floors located below, storage tanks must be equipped with overflow pipes. If the permissible volume is exceeded, the water will flow through the overflow hole located in the upper third of the tank through the pipe connected to it into the sewer.

Positive and negative feedback

How good a system without a hydraulic accumulator is in practice is best judged by the reviews of users - owners who have been using it in their homes for a year or more.

One of the advantages is the compact size and ergonomics of the pumping station. There is no hydraulic accumulator that takes up a lot of space, making it much easier to find a small corner to install the pump.

Can be used with equal success various types pumps, including - then only the pipeline and control devices will appear on the surface.

The cost of a unit without a hydraulic tank is lower, and installation is simpler.

An example of a pumping station that can be used for domestic servicing of a dacha. The pump is equipped with a pressure switch and dry-running protection

There are also disadvantages, the main one being insufficient power. A system without a hydraulic accumulator has minimal performance, and the pumping equipment is constantly at risk of failure.

Borehole pumps are mostly designed for operation with up to 10-25 times of switching on per hour. With this option, as a rule, it is necessary to install a hydraulic accumulator in the water supply system to reduce the frequency of starts of the electric motor. If this is not done, then 2 scenarios are likely:

1) If the deep submersible pump is from a budget manufacturer, then the motor usually burns out due to frequent starts, accompanied by large starting currents 7-8 times higher than the rated one.

2) If the pump is a good quality expensive brand, then the cable may fray due to constant switching on and off. This often happens with centrifugal pumps Grundfos and Pedrollo brands for 3–6 years of operation in the well.

However, there are specially designed models of pumps for wells that can operate without problems without a hydraulic accumulator or storage tank.

For wells, such pumps are Grundfos SBA and DAB Divertron.

If you look at a well, the most common pumps will be:

1) Submersible electric pumps Grundfos SQE - a pump with frequency automatic control, which is implemented through the Grundfos CU 301 remote control and MBS 3000 pressure sensor. The required pressure in the system is set on the remote control and, depending on the increase or decrease in water consumption, the deep motor of the pumping equipment increases or decreases the frequency engine speed, maintaining the set pressure. The price for Grundfos SQE kits is from 58 to 115 thousand rubles. depending on the pump power. Usually pumps are not purchased separately. The pump itself will cost 36–60 thousand rubles. However, you will need to purchase additional automation, cable and other equipment separately.

2) Unipam ECO Automatic - a budget Chinese pump costing about 14-18 thousand rubles.

Also, conventional pumps are often connected through a flow switch such as Brio 200 m or Aquarobot turbopress; such systems do not always work flawlessly. It’s better not to save money here and buy a proven unit Grundfos automation PM 2, which is designed to operate on the principle of both a pressure switch (with upper and lower shutdown limits, which requires the installation of a storage tank), and in flow mode. In flow mode, installation of a membrane tank in the water supply system is not required. The unit is equipped with a small hydraulic tank with a capacity of 100 g, which allows the pump not to start at minimum flow.

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Why do you need a hydraulic tank?

The hydraulic accumulator is always placed in the individual water supply main; it works constantly and performs the following functions:

• Smoothes out the negative consequences of hydraulic shocks. When the electric pump is triggered, the water flow suddenly stops or accelerates, while the liquid acts on the pipeline and its components with physical force. Connecting the accumulator to the water supply system allows you to smoothly accumulate and release water due to the plastic rubber membrane located inside.
• Connecting a hydraulic tank reduces the number of cycles of turning on and off a borehole or well electric pump due to the accumulation of liquid, which is released into the line during use and maintains pressure in it, preventing the electric pump from turning on.
• Hydraulic accumulators create an emergency supply of water in times of power outages or pumping equipment failure.
• Connecting a hydraulic accumulator to the water supply system normalizes pressure, allowing you to avoid it sharp changes in case of unstable operation of the electric pump.

Rice. 1 Hydraulic accumulators for water mains

Hydraulic tank design

The design of the hydraulic accumulator is not complicated; it consists of a metal tank with a built-in pear-shaped membrane or a flat rubber diaphragm. The diaphragm is attached across the body between its halves, a pear-shaped cylinder is installed at the inlet near the neck - this type is used to supply water for individual water supply. In the back metal container a nipple is installed, with the help of which air is pumped into the hydraulic tank body, adjusting its internal pressure to the system.

Hydraulic tanks are produced for heating systems, hot water (red) and cold water (blue). Depending on the volume of the hydraulic tank and the installation method, there are models with a horizontal arrangement and volumetric vertical units that are installed on legs.

Horizontal models of small capacity are more often used in pumping stations with a built-in surface-type centrifugal electric pump and elements of an automatic control system. Vertical hydraulic tanks are used separately; they are more convenient to install when working with submersible electric pumps. Vertical tanks are structurally different from horizontal models: the membrane shell is attached to the upper and lower parts of the body, in addition to the nipple for pumping air, they have an additional fitting for bleeding it from the rubber shell.

When purchasing a hydraulic tank, you should know that its useful volume when liquid accumulates is no more than 30% of the total.

Rice. 2 Hydraulic tank design

Operating principle of the hydraulic tank

Typically, the inner bulb is located in a container of air at a standard pressure of 1.5 bar. When turned on, water is supplied by an electric pump installed in the well into the tank, filling the rubber bulb - it increases in volume, compressing the air space inside. When the pressure (standard 3 bar) reaches the threshold of the automatic relay, the electric pump turns off and the flow of water into the line stops.

When turned on the water is flowing to the consumer under pressure created by a rubber membrane compressed by air. Upon reaching the minimum level of 1.7 bar. the relay closes the power supply circuit of the electric pump and the line is filled.

Fig. 3 Example of installing a hydraulic accumulator in a water supply system with a submersible pump

Do-it-yourself installation of a hydraulic accumulator for individual water supply systems is done together with automation and adapters, which include a five-input switching fitting, a pressure gauge for adjustment and control, and a switching hydraulic relay. When using a deep-well electric pump in a water intake, the well piping includes a dry-running relay and a check valve, if it is not included in the pumping unit.

If a surface centrifugal electric pump is used in the water main, then it is more practical and cheaper to purchase a ready-made, assembled pumping station than to install the system elements yourself.

Rice. 4 Expansion tank in the station

Setting up the hydraulic accumulator when connecting

Before using a water supply system with a hydraulic accumulator in a private house, you need to know what the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator should be for its optimal operation; take a portable pressure gauge to take readings. A typical water line with a standard pressure switch has response thresholds from 1.4 to 2.8 bar, the factory setting of the pressure in the hydraulic tank is 1.5 bar. To ensure that the hydraulic accumulator operates efficiently and is completely filled, the lower threshold for switching on the electric pump is selected at 0.2 bar for a given factory setting. more - a threshold of 1.7 bar is set on the relay.

If it is determined that the pressure in the hydraulic tank is insufficient during operation or due to a long storage period when measuring with a pressure gauge, proceed as follows:

1. Disconnect the electric pump from the power supply.
2. Remove the protective cover and press the hydraulic tank valve in the form of a nipple head at the outlet of the device - if liquid comes from there, then the rubber membrane has been damaged and needs to be replaced. If air comes from the hydraulic tank, its pressure is measured using a car pressure gauge.
3. Drain the water from the main by opening the tap closest to the expansion tank.
4. With the help hand pump or the compressor pumps air into the battery tank until the pressure gauge reaches 1.5 bar. If, after automation, the water rises to a certain height (high-rise buildings), the total pressure and operating range of the system are increased based on the fact that 1 bar. equated to 10 meters of vertical water column.

When calculating the required pressure in the hydraulic tank for any range, select its value 10% less than the lower threshold of the relay operation. Selecting this value ensures that the built-in membrane will expand and contract within a small range and accordingly increase its service life and overall expansion tank.

Fig.5 Setting up the hydraulic accumulator

Determination of tank parameters

In most cases of inclusions, hydraulic tanks for water supply are installed according to the principle: the larger the volume, the better. But too large a volume is not always justified: the hydraulic tank will take up a lot of useful space, the water will stagnate in it, and if power outages happen very rarely, there is simply no need for it. A hydraulic tank that is too small is also ineffective - if a powerful pump is used, it will turn on and off frequently and quickly fail. If a situation arises when installation space is limited or financial resources do not allow you to purchase a large-capacity storage tank, you can calculate its minimum volume using the formula below.

Rice. 6 How to correctly calculate the volume of a hydraulic tank in a water supply system

Another calculation method is to calculate the required volume of the hydraulic tank based on the power of the electric pump used.

Recently, modern high-tech electric pumps with soft start and stop have appeared on the market, frequency regulation rotation speed of impellers depending on water consumption. In this case, there is no need for a large-volume hydraulic tank - soft start-up and adjustment do not cause water hammer, as in systems with conventional electric pumps. Automatic control units of high-tech devices with frequency control have a built-in hydraulic tank of a very small volume, designed for its pump group.

Fig. 7 Table of calculated values ​​of pressure and volume of the hydraulic tank depending on the operating modes of the water supply line

Installation of several hydraulic tanks

Some users are faced with the problem of how to connect an additional tank to the water supply line if there has been an increase in consumption or the volume of the storage tank is too small for normal operation. Installing two hydraulic accumulators does not represent special difficulties, they can be assembled by connecting in parallel using an additional adapter fitting, flexible hose or trimming water pipe.

The advantage of a system with two tanks is its high reliability in case the rubber membrane ruptures in one of them.

Rice. 8 Hydraulic tank in the frequency control unit for pumps

How to choose a hydraulic accumulator

When choosing a hydraulic accumulator, it is better to give preference to models with a rubber bulb - in membrane types liquid comes into contact with metal body, which may cause corrosion.

The main working element of a balloon hydraulic tank is a pear-shaped membrane, the quality of which determines its service life, while the material of the body plays less important role, since it does not come into contact with water. The usual material for making a pear is isobutated food rubber; when choosing a model for external installation, special attention should be paid to the flange to which the rubber membrane is attached. Preference should be given to models whose flange is made of thick stainless steel or galvanized steel - such a product will last 10-15 years without losing its tightness.

Another advantage of a balloon tank is the ease of replacing the rubber membrane. To do this, unscrew several hex bolts securing the flange and remove it along with the shell.

Rice. 9 Vertical hydraulic tanks in the water line

After purchasing a suitable model of electric pump for a well or well and connecting it to the pipeline, calculating the volume and purchasing the required hydraulic tank, you need to install it correctly. If the model has a large volume and is installed on vertical legs, you should use the following recommendations:

• It is better to install a volumetric storage tank at the highest point of the house (attic, second floor) - this will create maximum pressure in the water line.
• The floor in the room must be level, humidity must not exceed established standards in order to avoid corrosion of the galvanized flange and surface of the tank.
• It is better to connect the device using a flexible pressure hose with stainless steel braid and diameter union nuts one inch, made of brass. Avoid supply hoses with aluminum braiding and mounting couplings made from cheap silumin, a brittle alloy of aluminum and silicon.

Rice. 10 Connection diagram for hydraulic accumulator individual systems water supply

Before connecting the hydraulic accumulator for individual water supply systems, prepare the following components: automatic devices, filters and adapter couplings for connecting HDPE pipes. After connecting the electric pump to the HDPE water supply using plastic adapter couplings and placing it in the well, further assembly work is carried out in the following sequence:

1. At the outlet of the water pipe from the pump, a ball valve and a coarse filter are installed to remove sand from the water.
2. After the filter, a tee with a hole diameter suitable for connecting automation is installed. An adapter coupling is screwed into its upper outlet to connect the relay.
3. To connect the pressure switch and pressure gauge to the electric pump, a standard five-inlet fitting is used, which is connected to the tee using an adapter.
4. At the outlet of the fitting with external thread with a diameter of 1 inch, install a ball valve with a union nut - this will allow you to repair and replace components without draining the water from the entire water main.
5. A hydraulic accumulator is connected to the outlet of the fitting with a 1-inch internal thread using a flexible liner.
6. Next, a pressure gauge and a pressure switch are installed in the five-pin fitting, and a dry-running relay is screwed into the tee.
7. At the end, connect the electrical power cable to the relay - installation of the automation can be considered complete.

Many people prefer to install all automation using connecting fittings directly at the outlet of the accumulator - this technique does not require an underwater hose.

Rice. 11 How to install a hydraulic accumulator in a line

The hydraulic tank is the main component in automatic control systems for electric pumps, necessary to reduce the load on the water main and reduce the operation cycles of pumping equipment. Its connection to the pipeline and adjustment are quite easy to do with your own hands using the simplest plumbing tools. For the right choice expansion tank, you can use a not too complex formula or determine its parameters approximately depending on the flow volume or power of the pumping equipment.

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Operating principle of the pumping station

A private station for lifting water from depth and transporting it through pipes to each plumbing point is a set of equipment connected according to a diagram. The unit operates according to the following principle:

• First, a hose equipped mesh filter and with a check valve, using a switched on surface ejector pump, it takes water from a well or well and sends it to the hydraulic tank.
• In turn, it is the hydraulic tank that subsequently controls the cycles of turning the station on and off, since it is a reservoir divided in two by a special membrane. Water enters one half of the station’s hydraulic tank until the membrane is fully tensioned. On the other side there is air under pressure. As soon as the water half of the station is filled to the limit, the pump receives a signal to turn off (it is sent by a pressure switch that controls the level of filling of the tank). As soon as the water leaves the space of the station tank and is sent into the house through the pipes, the pressure in the system drops and, upon reaching a critical point, the pressure switch sends a signal to the pump to turn on. The station's hydraulic tank is refilled.

Important: the capacity of the hydraulic accumulator (hydraulic tank) can vary from 20 liters to 500 or more (depending on the number of people living in the house and the needs of the family).

Advantages and disadvantages of a pumping station

If you decide to install a pump with a hydraulic accumulator, then the following advantages will be available:

• The station ensures the constant availability of water in the water supply system of a private home, thanks to the fullness of the accumulator.
• It is thanks to the hydraulic accumulator, which supplies water to the pipes using a membrane, that the station can operate for some time even in the absence of electricity (but only until the water in the tank runs out).
• The station prevents the formation of water hammer in pipes.
• The wear and tear of the pumping equipment of a station equipped with a hydraulic accumulator will not be as fast as that of a station without a hydraulic tank, since each pump has a certain number of on and off cycles in reserve. In this case, the hydraulic tank gives the pump a rest and reduces the number of on/off switches. In this way, the life of the pump will be extended.

Important: in order for the pumping station to work as smoothly as a clock, it is necessary to install a pressure switch on the system and adjust it in the required order.

The disadvantages of a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator include:

• Large dimensions of the hydraulic tank and the need to allocate space for it;
• In this case, the hydraulic accumulator must be installed above the room level, and this creates additional difficulties when installing the station;
• Risk of flooding of the house if the pressure switch or membrane fails.
• In addition, the membrane of each accumulator is susceptible to air accumulation in it. As a result, the tank's operating efficiency decreases. To ensure the operation of the station equipment, you will have to bleed the air accumulated in the station (tank) through a special valve once every 2-3 months. Such prevention will extend the service life of the equipment significantly.

Types of hydraulic accumulators

A pumping station with a connected hydraulic accumulator can be equipped with a tank of any shape. At modern points of sale you can find the following:

Vertical. In such tanks, a valve for releasing accumulated air is located in the upper part of the tank.

Horizontal. To pump out the collected air, there is a special valve on the back of the accumulator.

Important: hydraulic tanks with a capacity of up to 50 liters are freed from accumulated air by completely draining the water from the tank.

Stations without hydraulic tank

If you decide to use a pumping station and not connect a hydraulic tank to it, then such equipment also has the right to life and functions quite well. In this case, the only drawback will be the constant turning on/off of the pump when the tap is opened. It is clear that such work can damage the pump many times faster. Or at some point it will burn out (no one, even the most reliable pump from a European manufacturer).

In addition, the station does not provide a supply of water here, and therefore, during a power outage, there is likely to be a lack of water.

Important: using a station without a hydraulic tank is important for a family of two people.

The advantage of this installation is its compactness and much greater water pressure in the system.

In any case, the pumping station must be installed in a protective caisson to be protected from the cold. To avoid freezing of water in the system, water pipes are laid below the freezing level of the soil. For greater reliability, they can be insulated.

Periodically, it is necessary to carry out preventive inspections of equipment to avoid possible breakdowns. And you need to choose the pump itself in accordance with the family’s water needs and the capabilities of your source (depth, flow rate, required pressure, etc.).

vodakanazer.ru

Automation for water supply pumps

This section presents automation for water supply pumps, irrigation and other engineering systems.

Pumping station control devices can be equipped with installations of any brand, after first making sure that technical specifications models fit technical requirements control computer.

A hydraulic accumulator is installed to ensure that pumping equipment has fewer start-up cycles. This increases the service life of the equipment.

The hydraulic accumulator regulates the pressure in the pipeline. The daily number of starts depends on its capacity and water consumption in the system.

Automation for water supply pumps of a private house without an Espa hydraulic accumulator allows you to smoothly turn on the station. If the booster unit is connected to a system that operates constantly or, conversely, turns on rarely, then a hydraulic accumulator is not needed.

In this case, an automatic control unit is simply installed.

Automatic pump control unit

For different types of pumping stations, a different automatic pump control unit is required. In addition, the scope of application and requirements should be taken into account technical specifications project ( if there is one).

All components differ in current strength, network voltage, type and functionality.

What are they and where are they used:

• Simple, single-phase, responsible for turning on and off based on pressure in the system.
• Blocks for three-phase models, connected to the control panel of the water supply system.
• Frequency automation and control cabinets that allow you to change the shaft rotation speed.
• Additional components responsible for idle speed, emergency shutdown and switching on based on water level.

If the components are selected for a private home, then you can purchase a regular single-phase model and an automatic start controller for 230 V.

For private households, there are a huge number of technical solutions and models of pumping stations of varying power and performance. Choose the one that suits you in the appropriate section of the catalog on the website.

If you plan to power a complex engineering system For example, if it is planned to install automatic drip irrigation in several industrial greenhouses, then a complex booster installation with a control cabinet designed for a three-phase connection is installed.

Complex networks also include domestic and industrial water supply, heating and other utilities.

Pump frequency control unit

The frequency control unit for the pump is usually included with the model or supplied separately after selecting the equipment.

Cabinets are manufactured individually and supplied to order, as it is necessary to take into account the requirements of the engineering system project.

If you need help selecting a pumping station and automation, contact our engineers. Engineers will advise you and make a quality selection. Today you will find out which equipment is right for you.

avto-poliv.net

Operating principle and existing types of automation

There is no point in buying automation for surface pumps used only for watering the garden. You can turn it on yourself for a certain time and then turn it off. Here's the connection well pump the water supply system of the whole house cannot be done without a smart device. When giving preference to one or another automation model, you must first find out what protection system is already installed in the pump by the manufacturer. Typically, modern units are already equipped with protection against overheating and dry running. Sometimes a float is included in the package. Based on these data, we begin to select automation for the pump, which is presented to the consumer in 3 options.

The simplest automation of the 1st generation

This protection is most often used for automated water supply. Automation consists of 3 devices:

It is easiest to install any pump with 1st generation automation, since there is no complex electrical circuit. The system works simply. When water flow begins, the pressure in the accumulator decreases. Having reached the lower limit, the relay turns on the pump to pump a new portion of water into the tank. When the pressure in the accumulator reaches the upper limit, the relay turns off the unit. During operation, the cycle repeats. The minimum and maximum pressure in the accumulator is regulated using a relay. The device sets the lower and upper response limits, and a pressure gauge helps with this.

Electronic automation 2nd generation

The 2nd generation automatic control device is an electronic unit with a set of sensors. The latter are located on the pump itself, as well as inside the pipeline, and allow the system to operate without a hydraulic accumulator. The signal from the sensors is received by the electronic unit, where the operation of the system is controlled.

How an installed sensor can replace a hydraulic accumulator can be understood by the operation of the system. Water accumulation occurs only in the pipeline where one of the sensors is installed. When the pressure decreases, the sensor sends a signal to the control unit, which, in turn, turns on the pump. After the water pressure in the pipeline is restored, a signal to turn off the unit is sent according to the same scheme.

To install such automation you will need basic knowledge of electrical engineering. The operating principle of 1st and 2nd generation protection is almost the same - based on water pressure. However, an electronic unit with sensors is much more expensive, which does not make it popular among users. Automation also allows you to refuse to use a hydraulic accumulator, although it often helps out during a power outage. There is always a supply of water left in the container.

Advanced electronic automation 3rd generation

The most reliable and efficient is the 3rd generation automation. Its cost is quite high, but it saves significant energy thanks to precise tuning of the engine operation. It is better to entrust the connection of such an automatic unit to a specialist. The 3rd generation automation 100% protects the engine from all kinds of breakdowns: overheating from dry running, combustion of windings due to voltage drop, etc.

As in the 2nd generation analogue, the automation operates from sensors without a hydraulic accumulator. But the essence of its effective work lies in fine settings. The fact is that when turned on, any pump electric motor pumps water at full power, which is not always required when its flow rate is low. The 3rd generation automation switches on the engine at the power required for a certain amount water intake and consumption. This saves energy and extends the service life of the unit.

Purpose of the pump control cabinet

Connecting the pump to the automation is not complete without installing an electrical cabinet. It is especially important in a water supply system powered by a submersible unit. All control, monitoring and fuses are located inside the cabinet.

The automatic machines installed in the cabinet perform a smooth start of the engine. Easy access to equipment allows for adjustments frequency converter, measure current characteristics at the terminals, adjust the rotation speed of the pump shaft. If several wells with pumps are used, all control devices can be placed in one cabinet. The photo shows a typical diagram of equipment that may be located in a cabinet.

The video talks about pump control:

"Aquarius" - the best solution for home water supply

The market offers consumers a huge selection of pumping equipment. For home system For water supply, the best option is a submersible pump for wells and boreholes “Aquarius” from domestic manufacturers. The units have long proven themselves to be high-performance, long service life and high-quality workmanship. In addition to these advantages, the price of the product is several times lower than that of imported analogues with similar characteristics.

The submersible pump operates underwater. It is often undesirable to remove the unit from there. “Aquarius”, like all submersible analogues, is made in the form of an elongated capsule. The body is made of stainless steel. There are 2 loops on the top for securing the safety rope. In the center there is a pipe for fixing the supply pipe. The power cable enters the housing through a sealed connection. Inside the housing there is an electric motor, on the shaft of which impellers are mounted in a separate working chamber. In terms of design and method of water intake, Aquarius is classified as a centrifugal unit.

The surface-mounted unit is superior to a submersible well pump in its ease of start-up. It is enough to apply power, and the blades will immediately begin to capture water, supplying it to the system. To start a surface pump, you will have to pump water into the intake pipe and working chamber with an impeller through the filler hole. Produced by Aquarius pumps different power and size. In everyday life, models with a diameter of 110-150 mm are used, depending on the cross-section of the well casing pipe.

The video tells how to choose a pump and what models there are:

Installing a submersible pump and connecting it to automation

The connection diagram for the submersible unit depends on what kind of automation is used for the pump, and it is usually reflected in the operating manual. As an example, let's look at the option of assembling a circuit with class 1 automation powered by a hydraulic accumulator.

These videos show you step by step how to install a submersible pump:

Work begins with tying the hydraulic accumulator. According to the diagram, equipment is connected to it one by one. All threaded connections sealed with fume tape. In the photo you can see the order of assembly.

The first to screw onto the threads of the hydraulic accumulator is the “American” one. This detachable connection will be useful in the future for servicing the water storage tank, often associated with replacing the rubber membrane. A bronze adapter with threaded elbows is screwed onto the American free thread. A pressure gauge and pressure switch are screwed into them. Next, attach one end of the PVC supply pipe using an adapter fitting to the end of the bronze adapter on the hydraulic accumulator. The other end of the pipe is fixed with a fitting to the pump nozzle.

The supply pipe with the pump is laid on a flat area. A safety cable with a reserve length of about 3 m is attached to the loops on the body of the unit. The cable with the cable is fixed to the pipe in increments of 1.5-2 m with plastic clamps. The free end of the cable is secured near the well casing. Now all that remains is to lower the pump inside the well and tighten the safety rope. Casing pipe covered with a protective cap to prevent clogging of the well.

When everything is ready, the cable is connected to the relay and led to the electrical control cabinet. After turning on for the first time, the pump will immediately begin pumping water into the hydraulic tank. At this stage, you must immediately open the water tap to bleed out the air.

When the water begins to flow evenly without air impurities, close the tap and look at the pressure gauge. Usually the relay is already adjusted to the upper water pressure parameter - 2.8 atm, and the lower limit - 1.5 atm. If the pressure gauge shows different data, the relay must be adjusted with the screws located inside the housing.

Installation diagram of a surface pump with automation

The assembly diagram of a system with a surface pump has several distinctive nuances. The entire chain of automation is assembled using the same method as for a deep-well pump. But since the unit is installed near the well, it is connected to its input PVC pipe water intake with a diameter of 25-35 mm. A check valve is attached to its other end using a fitting, and then lowered into the well. The length of the pipe is selected so that the check valve is immersed in water to a depth of about 1 m, otherwise the pump will capture air.

Before starting the engine for the first time, it is necessary to pour water through the filler hole to fill the intake pipe and the working chamber of the pump. If all connections are made tightly, after switching on the pump will immediately begin pumping water.

Well equipped automatic system water supply, will create the comfort of living in a private house and ensure timely watering of the garden plot.

The technology of central water supply made it possible to get rid of the problems associated with finding a source of water, which made life much easier for people of the twentieth century.

However, in recent years, it has become possible to install individual water supply systems. And this trend has a number of huge advantages, the most obvious of which will be independence from state utility institutions.

In order to replace old pipes, pumps and other elements of the central water supply system, utility services often turn off the entire water supply. settlements. Having a pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator or storage tank, you and your family will be deprived of this inconvenience.

If you live in a region where there is not even a central water supply, an individual system will save you from medieval trips with buckets to the well. If you are tired of low-quality utility services and you want stable supply purified water, then in this article you will find a lot of interesting things for yourself.

Structure and meaning of the system

Nowadays, a private house is no longer inferior to communal housing in terms of comfort.

This has become a reality recently, because previously a private homeowner often did not have the opportunity to connect to city water supply sources.

However, with the emergence of special systems on the market that can replace all necessary utilities, private homeowners have reached a new level of comfort.

One of the most significant components of these systems is the pumping station. The assembly of such systems can be carried out in-house or at the manufacturer’s plant. Whatever assembly method the buyer chooses to work effectively, he must know the rules of operation of this type of system.

Schematically, the principle of water supply has several links, but the most important is still the water source. Water is the main resource for the formation of an individual water supply system. As a rule, the source is either a well or a borehole.

The first step is to find out the type of source.

If we are extracting water from a shallow reservoir, then almost any type of pump will do, the main thing is that it has enough power for the required work.

For example, a typical one is capable of raising water to a height of about 10 meters. But, as a rule, soil pressure, as well as kinks in the pump hose, reduce this level by 2-3 meters, which should be taken into account when choosing a device.

One of the uses of the device for a source depth of more than 10 meters is to install the station in a special pit.

Thus, we reduce the height to which water must be pumped to 7 meters or more, while organizing effective work pump In addition, it is possible to install the unit in the basement, while providing complete noise and moisture insulation.

Choice for home use

Multistage pump with hydraulic accumulator The pump is the main component of the installation.

Its performance must ensure not only efficient intake from the source into the house, but also sufficient supply for moistening the soil, filling the pool and for other household chores.

When purchasing a pump, the buyer is required to understand at what depth of the source this installation should be designed.

This category of systems is divided into two types:

• single stage;
• multistage.

The last one stands out high level noise insulation and its efficiency in terms of energy consumption, while maintaining its characteristics and operating efficiency.

What you need to understand when purchasing a device

There are two main types of pumping stations - with or without a hydraulic accumulator.

First you need to understand the principle of operation of a pumping system without a battery.

Nowadays this type systems is already considered a thing of the last century, although to this day it can be found everywhere. The problem is that this type of station has a storage tank that is too large.

In addition, the discharge pressure and the number of liters of water are regulated by a float. Pumping starts when the float drops below the required level. Despite large number disadvantages, this concept remained very effective for a long period.

Here are a few disadvantages:

• water approaches passively, resulting in low pressure;
• large size;
• difficulty of installation;
• the reservoir must be located above the pump level;
• if the sensor breaks down, the room will be flooded.

A pumping station with a hydraulic accumulator is a new word among individual water supply systems.

Thanks to the battery, a station of this type is the most modern and high-quality on the market for these services.

Compared to pump systems with storage tank this type stations are characterized by a significantly smaller number of disadvantages. Using a relay, the upper level of air pressure is regulated, which is subsequently compressed under the action of the battery.

When the pressure level reaches the required figures, the pump stops working and turns on again when the pressure again drops below the required level. If the amount of water consumed is small, it will not work - and the water is taken from the reservoir.

Watch the video, which explains in detail the design and principle of operation of the hydraulic accumulator in the pumping station: